Buying hash Sliven

__________________________

📍 Verified store!

📍 Guarantees! Quality! Reviews!

__________________________

▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼

▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲

Buying hash Sliven

Alicia Maher, a PhD candidate at the University of Limerick, now lives in Spain with her husband Gerry as, back home in Ireland, Alicia cannot afford the legal cannabis medicines that help ease her chronic illnesses. Now that the heatwaves in Spain have passed, the planeloads of Irish people who have dodged flight disruptions are basking in the glory of sun, sea, and sand. They may well even be envious of one Cork woman who moved there in and has remained there since. The couple moved to Alicante to help Alicia access cannabis for chronic pain, because, although she has been prescribed it in Ireland, she cannot afford to pay for it as it is not covered by her medical card. It should be simple. This article is part of a series in the 'Irish Examiner' — in print and online — outlining arguments for and against regulating cannabis as a medicine. Click here to read the entire series. If chronic pain was covered through the Medical Cannabis Access Programme, the cost would be reimbursed through the medical card scheme. Her mother and father remain in Cork, while other family members she misses seeing daily include her siblings and her nephews and nieces. They were different people when I saw them when I came over recently. She says it is difficult for her parents too, although they have travelled to see her and Gerry a number of times. Alicia has had ongoing pain over several years, beginning after her tonsils were removed around two decades ago. After both sides of her throat haemorrhaged following the surgery, she underwent further surgeries and was in hospital on antibiotics for a number of months. But one night while in hospital, her large intestine burst and it was removed in an emergency surgery. She had a colostomy bag as a result which was to be reversed after six years, in However, that surgery had to be postponed after pre-cancerous cells were found in her rectum which had to be removed. Subsequently, she suffered further pain in her coccyx area and believed that the pain was bone-related. In , she was referred to a pain specialist who discovered the pain was resulting from a broken coccyx bone. She was on a series of medication, including Panadol, Tramadol, Palexia and four-monthly injections into the coccyx. In , she got sciatica, leading to an increase in her medication to include Lyrica and amitriptyline, resulting in her being on 30 tablets a day over the next three years. I was totally wiped out. I would get up and take ten tablets and fall straight back to sleep, and take the next ten tablets and back to sleep. I was rarely awake. Alicia began to get worried because she felt the medication was impacting on her eating, and on her breathing. He posted her a vape in and she says it was the first time she had ever taken it — at the age of There was no point living my life on the couch. The next morning, then, I woke up with the same pain again and I tried the vape again, and again it got rid of the pain. She managed to wean herself off after her medication, while self-medicating with the cannabis vapes which she was ordering from the US. She went to her GP after reducing to just half the medication she had been prescribed and her GP then applied through the ministerial licence route to seek access to cannabis treatment for her. But she was unable to get clearance because her pain specialist was no longer working with the HSE and she needed to get approval from a pain specialist. Her husband raised concerns about the safety of buying it from dealers and the couple decided to move to Spain, where cannabis clubs were then in operation. After paying a fee for membership, a member of a cannabis club then could buy and smoke cannabis of a certain standard on the premises. Read More Cannabis report: 'I would probably lose my job' says teacher who uses cannabis to ease his neurological condition. When the pandemic arrived however, the cannabis clubs closed down but Alicia then managed to get access to cannabis through a wellness clinic in Madrid which filled her prescription. The couple have both been studying since, with Alicia a PhD candidate in law at the University of Limerick — on the regulation of medicinal cannabis in Ireland — and Gerry undertaking a PhD in history. In the meantime, efforts are continuing for Alicia to be able to access legal cannabis treatment in Ireland, and she managed to secure a new pain specialist in January At that point, she was off all her prescribed medication and she managed to have cannabis prescribed for her through the ministerial licence route. However, when she went to have it dispensed, she found it was not covered by her medical card. She says that in Spain, it costs a quarter of that — meaning it was impossible for her to return home. Read More Cork mother urges State to act on medical cannabis. The cost of a monthly dose of cannabis for her in Ireland was more than what she would receive in her invalidity pension. More than two years after their temporary move, Alicia and Gerry remain in Alicante, hoping that eventually, the drug will be covered for her through the medical card scheme. Although it is approved for medical card holders who are part of the Medical Cannabis Access Programme, the conditions included in that programme are limited to just three — spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis; intractable nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, and severe, refractory treatment-resistant epilepsy. She spoke at a conference in Dublin organised by Patients for Safe Access , of which she is a member. The group set out a policy document which demands that the range of conditions under the Medical Cannabis Access Programme be expanded. The group also seeks an increase in the range of cannabis products available, and to reduce the cost of medical cannabis. She too has been through a long history of pain. Hospitalised at the age of eight, she did not realise that the pain that was afflicting her then would stay with her most of her life. Neither did she know back then that she would one day end up breaking the law to get the medication which she says helps her — cannabis. Aimee, now 30 years old, suffers chronic pain throughout her body as a result of endometriosis and adenomyosis. Her pain worsened in her early 20s — she likens it to being on a rollercoaster for years. After three surgeries in Ireland, Aimee had to give up her job in Dublin at the age of 26 because of her condition. She travelled to Romania in October for further surgery in a specialist clinic for endometriosis and endometrial cancer, which she says has changed her life. She says she was bedbound for 18 months prior to the surgery. I was in agony. I could not get out of bed. Aimee believes the surgery, combined with cannabis use, has helped her turn her life around. She has been using cannabis for 14 years and says she is forced to get it on the black market. Although she uses it now for medical purposes, she was firstly a recreational user. But when she found that her symptoms were eased when she used the drug, she began to use it regularly. I just thought that everybody felt better when they took cannabis. In my mids, I started really researching and digging into it all. Being criminalised for using something which she believes helps her condition makes no sense to her. If you are prosecuting somebody for personal cannabis possession, it is a victimless crime. She was detected once for drug driving but says she never received a notice to appear in court. However, it hung over her for a long time. My car is the only way I can attend those appointments. I look after my elderly parents who have hospital appointments too so the fear of losing my driving licence is a huge anxiety. But I do acknowledge that there are definitely mental health issues with some people but the only way we can get a hold on that is by regulating. Aimee is involved with Tidy Buds , a community of cannabis consumers who work on tidying their local areas, and openly use cannabis while doing so. We are not a menace to society — we actually have quite a lot to offer to society. Aimee says her parents were not always in favour of her decision to use cannabis but are supportive of it now and help her meet the cost if it is particularly high. If anything, it makes me a better member of society. She relies on a number of sources who usually grow the drug, so that she knows she is not contributing to criminal enterprises. She also knows that the product is grown properly and she is glad she knows the origin of the product. But she says that there are occasions when she does have to purchase the drug from less reliable sources, which she says makes her feel dirty. A spokeswoman for the Department of Health said doctors can use the ministerial licencing route to prescribe medical cannabis for their patients. Read More Cannabis report: There is merit in decriminalising cannabis but really it should be regulated — TD. Lunchtime News. Sign up to the best reads of the week from irishexaminer. Please click here for our privacy statement. Select your favourite newsletters and get the best of Irish Examiner delivered to your inbox. Sign in My Account Sign out. Homepage news Spotlight Cannabis report: Chronically ill Cork woman 'exiled' to Spain so she can get her medication Alicia Maher is one of the patients pleading for better access to medicinal cannabis in the first of six articles examining the arguments for and against regulating marijuana as medicine. Read More. Aimee Brown had to move back in with her parents in Roscrea, Co Tipperary, because of chronic pain. Picture: Don Moloney Neither did she know back then that she would one day end up breaking the law to get the medication which she says helps her — cannabis. She was being prescribed painkillers including anti-inflammatories. We mostly associate it with recreational use, but marijuana already has therapeutic applications, and is being researched further at facilities such as GW Pharmaceuticals' greenhouse in Sittingbourne, Kent, England. File picture Aimee believes the surgery, combined with cannabis use, has helped her turn her life around. Picture: Don Moloney 'But now thankfully, they completely support me, they understand. More in this section. Raising a toast to one of New York's most famous sons. A selection of images chosen by the Irish Examiner picture desk. Subscribe Now. Sign Up. Latest Crystal Palace's winless run continues as Chris Wood goal earns Forest victory Average speed cameras to become operational in effort to combat rising road deaths Mikel Merino says 'basketbll team' Arsenal have mentality to match physicality Man jailed for eight years for rape and coercive control of wife. Most Read. Cork man who repeatedly raped his teenage sister-in-law is jailed. Man, 20s, killed in West Cork after vehicle plunges over ditch. Watch: Michael Healy-Rae comes to blows with Taoiseach in bizarre animated video.

Cannabis production and markets in Europe

Buying hash Sliven

Mit e. Erkenntnistheoretisch herausfordernd bleibt das Thema dennoch. Medpedia Podcast. Newsletter Abo-Shop. Springer Medizin. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. We followed a rigorous item-selection process to select the most relevant items from the original item pool developed by Pedersen et al. Our findings support a item unidimensional measure and a item short form with excellent fit and internal consistency, invariant across genders and college status and free of DIF. Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance globally United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, , and use of cannabis is particularly prevalent among young adults. It is estimated that, in , almost one in five The use of cannabis has been associated with a variety of negative consequences, particularly among heavy users. These consequences include impaired cognitive functioning, legal complications, academic problems, and engagement in risky behaviors such as driving under the influence of cannabis and unsafe sexual practices Grigsby et al. Protective behavioral strategies PBS are cognitive behavioral strategies employed before, during, after, or instead of marijuana consumption Pedersen et al. In recent years, cannabis-specific PBS have emerged as a robust protective factor against the negative consequences associated with cannabis use Grigsby et al. Moreover, interventions aimed at reducing cannabis use and consequences that include cannabis-PBS as a component have proven to be useful Prince et al. In this regard, studies adopting a within-subject approach showed that rather than the use of specific PBS, the use of a larger number of these strategies contributes to reducing adverse cannabis-related outcomes Grigsby et al. The availability of standardized instruments with strong psychometric properties has boosted research in the alcohol-PBS field. In contrast, the development of measurement instruments for cannabis-PBS is considered an emerging field despite the widespread use of this substance and the emerging policies worldwide that point towards an increasing availability of cannabis products in the coming years Manthey et al. In particular, to our knowledge, only one standardized instrument is currently available — the Protective Behavioral Strategies for Marijuana scale PBSM, Pedersen et al. The PBSM was developed to provide clinicians and researchers with an instrument to assess protective strategies that may help young adults limit their cannabis use and minimize the cannabis-related consequences they may experience Pedersen et al. The authors used the initial pool of 50 items produced by Pedersen et al. This process yielded psychometric support for a unidimensional item measure, retaining three items excluded from the previous PBSM version and excluding six previously retained items. Moreover, to enhance practicality in research and clinical settings and alleviate the burden on respondents, Item Response Theory techniques were employed to create a item short form known as the PBSM-SF. This instrument excluded 19 items from the PBSM due to showing differential item functioning DIF in at least one of four factors legal status of marijuana use, gender, race, and ethnicity. Since its development, many studies e. However, to our knowledge, no studies have examined the psychometric properties of an adapted Spanish version of the PBSM. Richards et al. This process requires consideration of the specific characteristics e. In Spain, however, marijuana and hashish are consumed almost equally, and it is estimated that Moreover, the legal status of cannabis varies between many US states and Spain, where both medical and recreational uses are not legal, which may impact cannabis-related social norms, behaviors, and the utility of certain PBS e. Moreover, the PBSM was designed with college students, limiting its generalizability to young non-college adults. Given the contextual and cultural differences between the US and Spain, we used the initial item pool developed by Pedersen et al. We conducted an item selection process based on evidence of validity internal structure and reliability corrected item-total correlation. Through cross-validation, two random exploratory and confirmatory samples were employed to select items based on factor loadings and discrimination indices. Research has consistently shown that women use both alcohol and cannabis PBS more frequently than men Bravo et al. Moreover, previous studies have found larger correlations between cannabis-PBS and cannabis-related outcomes for men than women Richards et al. It has also been shown that men and women with similar levels of PBS use have different probabilities of endorsing certain PBSM items, with Pedersen et al. Given that the PBSM was originally developed with college students, and these individuals report significantly lower rates of cannabis use compared to their non-college counterparts Patrick et al. Thus, our second objective was to examine the invariance of the S-PBSC according to gender and university status. The third objective was to explore differential item functioning according to gender and university status. The responses of four participants were excluded due to inconsistent response patterns, resulting in a final analytic sample of participants. The sampling began by identifying potential settings where participants could be recruited through a qualitative procedure. Additionally, to ensure a diverse socioeconomic status among participants, the various districts of each city were identified. Subsequently, three psychologists experienced in social psychology visited the predetermined settings and walked the streets in each district. Young adults who appeared to meet the age criteria were approached, and those expressing interest in participating were contacted in the following days to confirm that they met the cannabis use criterion using cannabis at least one day in the past month. Recruiters also posted basic information about the study across the various city districts. Consistent with targeted sampling principles Vervaeke et al. A maximum limit of five nominations per participant was set to avoid sample homogeneity. The questionnaire was self-administered, individually or in groups of no more than five people. The sessions took place in rooms at the University of Huelva and collaborating organizations in Sevilla, specifically those working in the drug-related field. Before completing the questionnaire, participants received detailed instructions, and they provided informed consent. The interviewer assisted in the completion process, and after finishing the questionnaire, each participant received a euro Amazon voucher. Almost a third Regarding the frequency of cannabis use in the past six months, The mean number of days of cannabis use in the past month was In a typical past-month day of cannabis use, participants reported using a mean of 1. The participants were asked to report their perceived social status regarding the Spanish population. Answers ranged between 1 that identifies the people with the least money, least education, and the least respected jobs or no job and 10 the higher social status. Cannabis use Participants reported their frequency of cannabis use hashish or marijuana over the past six months and the mean days of use in the past month. We also asked them to reflect on a typical day of past-month cannabis use and report the number of grams used and minutes spent under the effects during that specific day. To aid in estimating grams of cannabis, participants were presented with images displaying marijuana and hashish in various quantities 0. The MUG divides each day of the week into six blocks of four hours 42 blocks in total , and participants are asked to report the grams of cannabis used during each block. The reported quantities are then summed to calculate the overall quantity used during a typical week of cannabis use. Adhering to the International Test Commission Guidelines , we first considered the equivalence of the construct underlying the PBSM between the Spanish and US cultures, taking into account potential linguistic, psychological, and cultural differences. Four research team members were involved in the translation and adaptation of the instrument. These researchers were experienced in psychometrics and drug-related harm reduction behaviors, and one of them was a native English speaker researcher in the field of alcohol and cannabis PBS. The adaptation and translation process was conducted across four phases. In the first phase, the corresponding author created a template with the original 50 items, each designated for the researchers to independently provide an initial translation to be returned to the corresponding author. In the second phase, the corresponding author integrated the proposals from all four researchers, along with the original PBSM items, and returned them. The researchers were instructed to consider the Phase 1 proposals of the other three members and provide new proposals for each item. Following this phase, consensus was reached concerning the wording of 39 of the 50 items. The remaining 11 items were discussed within the research group during a meeting Phase 3 until consensus was reached. Finally, the Spanish version of the 50 items was submitted to a professional American translator Ph. Minor adjustments were made to the wording of some items see Table 2 for item wording. As recommended by Bravo et al. Participants were queried about their frequency of use of each strategy when they used alcohol during the past two months. Response options ranged from 1 never to 5 always , with an Alpha of. In this selection process, we took into account evidence of a reliability corrected total-item correlation , b validity based on the internal structure factor loadings, invariance, and differential item functioning , and c validity based on the relationships between the S-PBSC and other external variables item correlation with cannabis outcomes. One subsample was designated for exploring the factor structure, and the other was used to confirm this structure. In addition, the S index communality ratio, Lorenzo-Seva, was calculated, which compares the values of the KMO statistic to determine the suitability of applying unidimensional factor analysis to the 50 PBSM items Pedersen et al. Values close to 1 indicate that the two subsamples are homogeneous. In the first phase, CFA was applied using an exploratory approach with subsample 1. In the second phase, cross-validation evidence was obtained by validating the factorial model obtained in Phase 1 using the second subsample. Exploratory Phase. DWLS is a suitable estimation method for ordinal data when multivariate normality cannot be assumed Mindrila, ; Rhemtulla et al. Although some authors suggest a minimum value of 0. The elimination process was conducted iteratively, removing one item at a time. After the elimination of each item, all the indices described were recalculated. Confirmatory Phase. In the cross-validation process, the items selected in the previous phase were tested using the confirmatory sample. The same criteria employed in Phase 1 were followed for item selection in this confirmatory phase. Analysis of Invariance. Specifically, the invariance of the factor structure was examined with respect to three variables: exploratory vs. The analysis involved four testing steps: configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance. To verify that the invariance assumptions were met at each step, the fit of the most restricted model was compared with that of the least restricted model. If the invariance criterion was not met for all items, modification indices were used to identify items with non-invariant parameters. The 'Mantel. Poly' procedure in R Wells, was used to calculate the DIF, testing the null hypothesis of no difference between the compared groups. Given the high number of comparisons, the Bonferroni correction was used, considering alpha levels based on the number of comparisons Stark et al. To establish evidence of the validity of the test scores based on their relationships with other variables, we examined the correlations between test scores and four past-month cannabis outcomes quantity used in a typical week, days of use, time under cannabis effects in a typical day of use, and cannabis-related consequences. All models included sociodemographic characteristics as covariates, while models with cannabis-related consequences as dependent variables also included cannabis use variables quantity, frequency, time under effects of cannabis as covariates. Secondary Analyses As a secondary objective, considering the significance of the differences in cannabis-PBS scores regarding gender and university status, bivariate analyses were conducted to examine whether test scores differed according to these two variables. Additionally, cannabis-related outcomes were also examined according to gender and university status. Results Subsample splitting After splitting our sample into two random samples, each consisting of participants, the results revealed no significant differences in terms of sociodemographic characteristics gender, university status, age and past-month cannabis outcomes quantity used in a typical week, days of use, time under cannabis effects in a typical day of use, and cannabis-related consequences. The S Index communality ratio was 0. First, the item with the worst values was removed, and the values for the remaining items were re-estimated according to a unidimensional model. The fit indices for all the tested models were adequate, both for the groups tested separately and those specified in the invariance stages. Additionally, upon comparing the nested models, it is evident that all the contrasts performed satisfy the invariance assumptions. Thus, no items were removed after the invariance analyses. Table 1 item unidimensional model measurement invariance across samples Exploratory vs. Confirmatory, university students vs Non-university students, and men vs women. The examination of DIF across genders revealed differential functioning for Item 43, leading to its removal. DIF was then re-examined for the remaining 32 items, indicating no differential functioning in any item according to gender. After repeating the DIF analyses across university status, the differential functioning of Item 14 was identified and subsequently removed. Finally, we re-examined the DIF of the remaining 31 items across genders and university status, confirming that none presented any DIF. The 31 items selected for the final S-PBSC and the removed items and the rationale behind their exclusion are specified in Table 2. PBSM29 Evitar que mi consumo pueda ocasionarme problemas legales por ejemplo, consumir cannabis solo en lugares seguros como mi casa, no llevar cannabis encima si creo que pueden registrarme. Vaporizadores, comestibles hechos con cannabis. PBSM38 Usar colirios para que otras personas no sepan que he consumido cannabis \[Use eye drops so others do not know you have used\]. PBSM44 Consumir solo antes de eventos especiales por ejemplo. Items removed for exhibiting Differential Item Functioning across genders item 43 and university status item Unidimensional models. Reliability coefficients. Table 4 Means Standard Deviations and correlations between the study variables. All correlations higher than. In terms of predictive validity Table 5 , regression models showed that both the S-PBSC and the S-PBSC-SF were significant predictors of cannabis outcomes, significantly contributing to the explained variance even after introducing the covariates into the models. Table 5 Hierarchical linear regression models examining the associations between sociodemographic data, pattern of cannabis use, cannabis-related consequences, and cannabis-protective behavioral strategies. Cannabis quantity 1. Time under cannabis effects 2. Secondary Results As a secondary analysis, differences in scale scores and cannabis outcomes were tested according to gender and university status. For three out of four cannabis outcomes, no gender differences were observed. A rigorous item-selection process, including cross-validation, was employed to identify the most suitable items from the original item pool developed by Pedersen et al. The criteria for item selection were based on evidence of reliability corrected total-item correlation , evidence of validity based on internal structure factor loadings, invariance, and differential item functioning , and evidence of validity based on the relationships between the S-PBSC scores and cannabis outcomes cannabis use profile and cannabis-related consequences. Our findings support a item unidimensional measure with excellent fit and internal consistency, invariant across genders and college status, and free of DIF based on these two variables. Moreover, correlations between the 31 selected items and two external criteria cannabis quantity and consequences were assessed to provide a item short form S-PBSC-SF. Both the full-length and short-form versions S-PBSC have shown evidence of validity according to their relationships with cannabis outcomes and alcohol PBS use. Given the contextual and cultural differences between the US and Spain, we decided to use the initial pool of 50 items developed by Pedersen et al. Specifically, only 27 of the 36 items proposed by Pedersen et al. For instance, Pedersen et al. In contrast, this item has been retained in the item short version developed in Spain, where cannabis is not legal. Similarly, Pedersen et al. This, together with the fact that gender invariance was demonstrated for both Spanish versions, suggests the adequate psychometric functioning of these measures across genders. Moreover, as pointed out by Pedersen et al. Consistent with previous research Patrick et al. Furthermore, non-college young adults tend to use cannabis-PBS more frequently and experience more negative consequences. Our study offers a PBS measure that is invariant in terms of university status, based on a large sample of Spanish community young adults. This characteristic facilitates its applicability to a broad population of young adults. The existing body of literature on cannabis-PBS consistently indicates that using PBS is associated with a reduction in negative cannabis-related consequences and a decrease in cannabis use in terms of frequency and quantity Bravo et al. In alignment with these observations, our regression analyses have demonstrated the predictive validity of both the full-length and short-form S-PBSC concerning cannabis use profile and cannabis-related consequences. This was maintained even after controlling for the effect of gender, age, and university status. It is noteworthy that in producing our short S-PBSC form, we used two external criteria, namely cannabis quantity and cannabis-related outcomes, consistent with the intended purposes of the scale. Thus, unsurprisingly, the correlations between the scores of our short-form and cannabis-related outcomes were found to be stronger than those observed with our full-length scale. This strong correlation may prove advantageous in clinical settings or when PBS are used to educate young adults about potential strategies to reduce their cannabis use and its related consequences. Furthermore, it can be highlighted that in comparison to the work of Pedersen et al. This reduction may enhance the practicality and applicability of our scales in both clinical and research context. Limitations and Future Directions While we used targeted sampling to recruit a heterogeneous sample of young adults who reported cannabis use, our participants may not be fully representative of the broader population of cannabis-using young adults. Future investigations involving Spanish-speaking participants should aim to replicate our findings with other young adult samples across diverse geographical areas. In this regard, cannabis use patterns, use of PBS, and their efficacy may vary throughout the life span. Consequently, future studies should explore the utility of the S-PBSC among populations beyond those aged 18—25 years. Furthermore, we used the item pool developed by Pedersen et al. However, this sample of items may not include certain protective behaviors specific to the Spanish context and culture, such as the use of filters to reduce tobacco-related harms, a substance typically mixed with cannabis in Spain OEDA, Thus, it would be advisable for future studies to develop new items based on the Spanish context and rigorously test their psychometric properties. Both versions showed good psychometric properties in a community sample of young adults. The full-length version offers the advantage of providing more reliable measures of PBS, making it particularly suitable for research purposes. Thus, future research may use this measure for testing how cannabis-PBS attenuate the effect of risk factors e. Moreover, the short form of the S-PBSC was specifically designed to consider the relationship between cannabis-PBS use and cannabis use and its consequences. Consequently, this scale is especially recommended for interventions aimed at fostering behavior change and minimizing cannabis-related consequences among young adults. Informed Consent All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation institutional and national and with the Helsinki Declaration of , as revised in 5. Informed consent was obtained from all participants for being included in the study. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Unsere Produktempfehlungen e. Jetzt testen 1. Jetzt testen 2. Med Psychiatrie Kombi-Abonnement. Jetzt testen 3. Supplementary Information Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. Relationship of subjective and objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning: Preliminary data in healthy White Women. Health Psychology, 19 6 , — Standards for educational and psychological testing. American Educational Research Association. Can I use marijuana safely? An examination of distal antecedents, marijuana protective behavioral strategies, and marijuana outcomes. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 78 2 , — The relationship between risk factors and alcohol and marijuana use outcomes among concurrent users: A comprehensive examination of protective behavioral strategies. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 80 1 , — Negative marijuana-related consequences among college students in five countries: Measurement invariance of the Brief Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire. Addiction, 10 , — Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 14 3 , — Testing factorial invariance across groups: A reconceptualization and proposed new method. Journal of Management, 25 1 , 1— Psychometric properties of the French and English short form of the Protective Behavioural Strategies for Marijuana Scale in Canadian university students. BMJ Open, 12 4 , e Introduction to Classical and Modern Test Theory. Crocker, L. European Drug Report Trends and Developments. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, Predictive utility of protective behavioral strategies for alcohol-related outcomes in a community sample of young adults. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 82 4 , — The use and abuse of student participants. The Psychologist, 17, — Foot, H. The Psychologist, 17 , — Interactions of protective behavioral strategies and cannabis use motives: An online survey among past-month users. Harm reduction strategies among university students who use alcohol and cannabis, and related psychological variables: A systematic review. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 54 5 , — Snowball sampling. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, — Goodman, L. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics , — A scoping review of risk and protective factors for negative cannabis use consequences. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, 17, Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, 17 , Sampling and attrition effects in social science field and laboratory experiments. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6 1 , 1— Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30, — Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30 , — Drug and Alcohol Dependence, , R package version 0. Oral health implications of increased cannabis use among older adults: Another public health concern? Journal of Substance Use, 24 1 , 61— Use of both alcohol and cannabis protective behavioral strategies is associated with fewer negative consequences: a moderation analysis. Young adult use, dual use, and simultaneous use of alcohol and marijuana: An examination of differences across use status on marijuana use context, rates, and consequences. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 35 6 , Behavior Research Methods, 54 6 , — Statistical guidance for model modification in covariance structure analysis. Sociometric Research Foundation. Luijben, T. The impact of legal cannabis availability on cannabis use and health outcomes: A systematic review. International Journal of Drug Policy, , Development of the protective behavioral strategies survey. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 66, — Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 66 , — Maximum likelihood ML and diagonally weighted least squares DWLS estimation procedures: A comparison of estimation bias with ordinal and multivariate non-normal data. International Journal of Digital Society, 1 1 , 60— Institute for Social Research. Use of alcohol protective behavioral strategies among college students: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 33 8 , — Marijuana protective behavioral strategies and marijuana refusal self-efficacy: Independent and interactive effects on marijuana-related outcomes. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 33 4 , A day in the life: A daily diary examination of marijuana motives and protective behavioral strategies among college student marijuana users. Journal of Drug Issues, 50 2 , — Marijuana Use Grid: A brief, comprehensive measure of marijuana use. Pearson, M. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 77 3 , — Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 31 5 , A comprehensive review of measures of protective behavioral strategies across various risk factors and associated PBS-related interventions. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 29 3 , Protective behavioral strategies for reducing alcohol involvement: A review of the methodological issues. Addictive Behaviors, 38 7 , — Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 28 2 , When can categorical variables be treated as continuous? A comparison of robust continuous and categorical SEM estimation methods under suboptimal conditions. Psychological Methods, 17 3 , — A comparison of cannabis protective behavioral strategies use across cultures and sex. Addictive Behaviors, , Profiles of alcohol and cannabis protective behavioral strategies use across two large, multi-site college student samples of concurrent alcohol and cannabis users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, , 13— Journal of Statistical Software, 48 2 , 1— Spanish adaptation of the protective behavioral strategies scale S-PBSS and evaluation of its psychometric properties. Psicothema, 32 4 , — Test development. Brennan Ed. Schmeiser, C. Addictive Behaviors, 37 5 , — Detecting differential item functioning with confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory: Toward a unified strategy. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 91 6 , — Adaptive sampling in research on risk-related behaviors. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 68, S57—S Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 68 , S57—S Psychological Assessment, 27 1 , World Drug Report How to find future ecstasy-users: Targeted and snowball sampling in an ethically sensitive context. Addictive Behaviors, 32 8 , — Targeted sampling: Options for the study of hidden populations. Social Problems, 36 4 , — Wells, C. Publikationsdatum Verlag Springer US. Die Angst vorm Rezidiv bleibt und belastet Newsletter bestellen. Past-month days of cannabis use 3.

Buying hash Sliven