Buying hash Lebanon

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Buying hash Lebanon

The draft law, which has been endorsed by parliamentary committees and is now headed for a final vote, would only affect cannabis that contains less than one percent of the psychoactive compound tetrahydrocannabidinol, or THC. THC gives cannabis the recreational effects that have made it the most widely used illicit substance across the globe. Lebanon has cultivated the plant for at least years and produces large amounts of hashish, a sticky, sweet-smelling derivative of the cannabis plant that looks like chocolate. Though illegal to produce, sell or use, it is widely available locally and is also illegally exported. Instead of dealing with that market, this bill would seek to create a new one involving types of cannabis plants that have not traditionally been cultivated in Lebanon. Dozens of countries around the world have allowed research in and production of medical cannabis in recent years, with studies repeatedly demonstrating the therapeutic effects of cannabinoids, a major chemical constituent of cannabis, for treatment of nausea and vomiting in terminal illnesses such as cancer and AIDS. Other countries and regions have gone further and entirely legalised cannabis, including Uruguay, Georgia, South Africa, 10 US states and, most recently, Canada. The draft law creates a commission with a regulatory authority that would issue licences for everything from importing seeds and saplings, establishing cannabis plant nurseries, planting and harvesting the crop, manufacturing goods from it and exporting its derivatives. Licences can be awarded to Lebanese pharmaceutical companies, industries permitted to create industrial fibers, oils and extracts, and foreign companies that have a licence to work in the cannabis industry from their country of origin. Additionally, licences can be awarded to specialised agricultural co-operatives established in Lebanon, Lebanese citizens such as farmers or landowners, and labs and research centres qualified to work with controlled substances. Between 3, and 4, people are arrested for drug crimes each year in Lebanon, the vast majority for the consumption of hashish, according to statistics from the Central Drug Enforcement Office. The bill would also explicitly prohibit anyone with a criminal record from acquiring a licence to cultivate or work with the cannabis crop in any manner. It would thereby exclude tens of thousands of people who have served time or have outstanding drug warrants for cultivation and use of cannabis, mostly in the fertile eastern Bekaa Valley region, where most of the crop is grown and processed. This means that many farmers who have grown cannabis for generations would not be allowed to take part in the new legal sector. Sandy Mteirik, a drug policy development manager at Skoun, a Lebanese nongovernmental organisation focused on drug rehabilitation and advocacy, also criticised the move. Jaber said the draft law was not meant to address the issue of decriminalising drug users. However, he predicted the new legal cannabis market would move forward with or without the involvement of those who have been criminalised by the illegal sector. But Nammour warned the law would create a two-tier system where elites benefit from the production of cannabis, while those who have traditionally grown it in impoverished areas will be unable to participate, and everyday Lebanese will be unable to consume any of its products. He also warned the draft law left the door open to endemic corruption in Lebanon. The commission tasked with overseeing the sector is funded by the licences it issues, while it is at the same time supposed to regulate licensing and prevent a monopoly or oversupply in the market. By Timour Azhari. Published On 12 Mar 12 Mar Sponsored Content.

‘If There Were No Hashish Here, You Wouldn’t See a Single House’

Buying hash Lebanon

Hashish consumption is also popular in Europe. In the United States, dried flowers or concentrates are more popular, and hash has seen a relative decrease in popularity following changes in laws that have indirectly allowed for the development and increased availability of cannabis extracts that are more potent than traditional hashish, although regional differences in product preferences exist. Hashish is a cannabis concentrate product composed of compressed or purified preparations of stalked resin glands, called trichomes, from the plant. The resin contains ingredients such as tetrahydrocannabinol THC and other cannabinoids —but often in higher concentrations than the unsifted or unprocessed cannabis flower. The consistency and appearance of hashish is highly dependent on the process used and the amount of leftover plant material e. It is typically solid, though its consistency ranges from brittle to malleable. It is most commonly light or dark brown in color, though may appear transparent, yellow, black, or red. Hashish has been consumed for many centuries, though there is no clear evidence as to its first appearance. The first attestation of the term 'hashish' is in a pamphlet published in Cairo in CE, accusing Nizari Muslims of being 'hashish-eaters'. In , Dutchman Jan Huyghen van Linschoten spent three pages on 'Bangue' bhang in his historic work documenting his journeys in the East. He particularly mentioned the Egyptian hashish. The first by the Egyptians is called Assis Hashish Arab. Hashish arrived in Europe from the East during the 18th century, \[ 3 \] and is first mentioned scientifically by Gmelin in In , Louis Aubert-Roche reported his successful use of hashish against pestilence. In the 19th century, hashish was embraced in some European literary circles. At around the same time, American author Fitz Hugh Ludlow wrote the book The Hasheesh Eater about his youthful experiences, both positive and negative, with the drug. Hashish was also mentioned \[ by whom? It was imported in great quantities especially from India where it was called charas. However, there were also people \[ who? Evidence of misuse at that time was practically non-existent as opposed to widespread reports in Asia and Africa. Rare applications included stomach ache, depression, diarrhea, diminished appetite, pruritus, hemorrhage, Basedow syndrome and malaria. At the beginning of the 20th century, the majority of hashish in Europe came from Kashmir and other parts of India, Afghanistan, as well as Greece, Syria, Nepal, Lebanon, and Turkey. Larger markets developed in the late s and early s when most of the hashish was imported from Pakistan and Afghanistan. In Greece, Hashish was prevalent in the early decades of the 20th century, and although locally produced for hundreds of years prior, it reached its peak with the coming of two and a half million Greek refugees, expelled from Turkey following the disastrous war. Many of these refugees had habitually smoked hashish in Turkey, using waterpipes, hookas called 'arghilethes,' and due to extreme poverty upon arriving in Greece, and living in overcrowded and poor refugee communities, many hashish dens, called 'tekethes' sprung up in Greece's larger cities, the port city of Piraeus, and the northern city of Thessaloniki where many refugees lived. This gave rise to a substantial urban underclass and sub culture of hashish smokers called 'hasiklithes,' and a musical genre ' rembetika ' oriental sounding , 'urban blues' played on the bouzouki, tzoura, and oriental instruments such as the baglama, outi oud and kanonaki kanun that spoke of life as a hashish user in the 'tekethes', as well as about life as refugees, society's unfairness, lack of financial opportunities, prejudice against the refugees, and the deceit of lovers and others in the community. The 'tekethes' were closed down in the s by the Greek police and the 'rembetes' were jailed and ostracized. Due to disruptive conflicts in the regions, Morocco took over and was the sufficient exporter until lately. Before the coming of the first hippies from the Hippie Trail , only small pieces of Lebanese hashish were found in Morocco. However, since the s there has been a dramatic shift in the market due to an increase of homegrown cannabis production. While Morocco held a quasi-monopoly on hashish in the s with the gram 8. Since then, hashish quality in Europe has increased while its prices have remained stable, \[ 3 \] with an exception of the COVID pandemic , where the cannabis street prices surged due to various national lockdowns. Hashish remains in high demand in most of the world while quality continues to increase, due to many Moroccan and western farmers in Morocco and other hash producing countries using more advanced cultivation methods as well as cultivating further developed cannabis strains which increases yields greatly, as well as improving resin quality with higher ratios of psychoactive ingredients THC. A tastier, smoother and more aromatic terpenes and flavanoids profile is seen as an indicator of a significant rise in hashish quality in more recent years. Hashish production in Spain has also become more popular and is on the rise, however the demand for relatively cheap and high quality Moroccan hash is still extremely high. Changes to regulations around the world have contributed greatly to more and more countries becoming legitimate hashish producing regions, with countries like Spain effecting more lenient laws on cannabis products such as hashish. Washington State followed by Colorado started regulating cultivation, manufacturing and distribution of cannabis and cannabis derived products such as hashish in the United States, followed by many other places in the US such as Humboldt, California , and around the world. The European hashish market is changing though: Cannabis cultivation increased throughout the s until , with a noticeable decrease reported in according to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Even though a drop in usage and production has been reported, Morocco produced around tonnes of resin in As tonnes of hashish were consumed in the EU in , the European market is currently the world's largest and most profitable. Therefore, many players are involved in the business, including organised crime groups. The largest cannabis resin seizures in Europe happen in Portugal, due to its proximity to Northern Africa. The s 'soap bars' disappeared and the physical shapes of hashish changed to melon shaped, tablets or olive shaped pellets. Generally, more resin than herb is consumed in Europe. Hashish is made from cannabinoid -rich glandular hairs known as trichomes , as well as varying amounts of cannabis flower and leaf fragments. Certain strains of cannabis are cultivated specifically for their ability to produce large amounts of trichomes. The resin reservoirs of the trichomes, sometimes erroneously called pollen vendors often use the euphemism 'pollen catchers' to describe screened kief -grinders in order to skirt paraphernalia-selling laws , are separated from the plant through various methods. The simultaneous occurrence of these three cannabinoids constitute the typical, chemical profile of hashish consumed in Europe and Northern Africa. In comparison, most high-potency marijuana products contain only THC. It is believed that the psychotropic effects of hashish are therefore more subtle, and sedative. Depending on the production process, the product can be contaminated with different amounts of dirt and plant fragments, varying greatly in terms of appearance, texture, odour and potency. Also, adulterants may be added in order to increase weight or modify appearance. Hashish can be consumed by oral ingestion or smoking. When smoked, it may be smoked in a pipe, bong , vaporizer or joints , where it is often mixed with tobacco , as pure hashish will burn poorly alone. THC has a low water solubility therefore it is most effective when ingested alongside a fatty meal or snack. Generally the methods are similar to overall cannabis consumption. The onset is felt within 15 minutes when smoking, and about 30 to 60 minutes when eaten. Side effects with overdose may include anxiety , paranoia and panic. The sticky resins of the fresh flowering female cannabis plant are collected. Traditionally this was, and still is, done in remote locations by pressing or rubbing the flowering plant between two hands and then forming the sticky resins into a small ball of hashish called charas. The best quality charas is produced in Central Asia , and sold in sausage-like shapes. Mechanical separation methods use physical action to remove the trichomes from the dried plant material, such as sieving through a screen by hand or in motorized tumblers. This technique is known as 'drysifting'. The resulting powder, referred to as 'kief' or 'drysift', is compressed with the aid of heat into blocks of hashish; if pure, the kief will become gooey and pliable. When a high level of pure THC is present, the end product will be almost transparent and will start to melt at the point of human contact. Ice-water separation is another mechanical method of isolating trichomes. Newer techniques have been developed such as heat and pressure separations, static-electricity sieving or acoustical dry sieving. Trichomes may break away from supporting stalks and leaves when plant material becomes brittle at low temperatures. After plant material has been agitated in an icy slush, separated trichomes are often dense enough to sink to the bottom of the ice-water mixture following agitation, while lighter pieces of leaves and stems tend to float. The ice-water method requires ice, water, agitation, filtration bags with various-sized screens and plant material. With the ice-water extraction method the resin becomes hard and brittle and can easily be separated. This allows large quantities of pure resins to be extracted in a very clean process without the use of solvents, making for a more purified hashish. Chemical separation methods generally use a solvent such as ethanol , butane or hexane to dissolve the lipophilic desirable resin. Remaining plant materials are filtered out of the solution and sent to the compost. The solvent is then evaporated, or boiled off purged leaving behind the desirable resins, called honey oil, ' hash oil ', or just 'oil'. Honey oil still contains waxes and essential oils and can be further purified by vacuum distillation to yield 'red oil'. The product of chemical separations is more commonly referred to as 'honey oil. This leaves most of the glands intact. While the overall number of plants and areas shrank in size, the introduction of more potent hybrid plants produced a high resin rate. The amount of resin produced is estimated to range between 3, and 9, tonnes in The largest producer today is Afghanistan, \[ 32 \] however studies suggest there is a 'hashish revival' in Morocco. Solventless Rosin Method was discovered by Phil Salazar in Rosin is created by pressing Cannabis Flower, Dry sift, or Ice water hash in between parchment paper using a pneumatic or hydraulic press with heated plates to create force and pressure to expel the oil from the product. The moisture present in the flower, Dry Sift, or ice water hash will create steam pressure and force the oil from the source creating a solventless hash product. Tiny pieces of leaf matter may be accidentally or even purposely added; adulterants introduced when the hashish is being produced will reduce the purity of the material and often resulting in green finished product. If hash is particularly sticky, this can mean that additional oils have been added to increase the overall weight of the product. The most common quality indicator is the smell. High-quality hash will smell fragrant and aromatic, whereas hash of low quality may have a distinct mouldy or musty aroma. As mentioned above, there has been a general increase in potency as the competition has grown bigger and new hybrid plants have been developed. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons. Compressed form of powdered cannabis. Arts Culture. Drug culture Drug liberalization Illegal drug trade Psychedelia. History \[ edit \]. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. June Learn how and when to remove this message. European market \[ edit \]. Substance properties \[ edit \]. Short-term effects \[ edit \]. See also: Effects of cannabis. Manufacturing processes \[ edit \]. Quality \[ edit \]. See also \[ edit \]. References \[ edit \]. Van Patten Publishing. ISBN ElSohly Marijuana and the Cannabinoids. Archived from the original on Retrieved Monograph Series. Archived from the original on 26 April Retrieved 19 May Biological Psychiatry. ISSN PMC PMID Cannabis: A History. Archived from the original on 20 April Retrieved 25 December Getting High: Marijuana through the Ages. A London: The Hakluyt Society. Full text at Internet Archive. Chapter on Bangue. Hakluyt society. Drugs, behavior, and modern society. Boston: Pearson College Div. Archived PDF from the original on The street price of cannabis in French cities has surged after tight border controls imposed as part of a nationwide lockdown to slow the coronavirus outbreak disrupted the flow of illegal narcotics and drug gangs hiked their rates. Aftenposten in Norwegian. Neurotherapeutics Review. Archived at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 10 September Archived from the original on 24 June Cannabis Culture Magazine. Archived from the original on 28 June Retrieved 22 June February 4, Archived from the original on 12 June Fox News. International Journal of Drug Policy. Archived from the original on 11 November The War on Drugs II. Lumir Lab. Further reading \[ edit \]. External links \[ edit \]. Look up hashish in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikisource has the text of the New International Encyclopedia article ' Hashish '. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hashish. Outline of cannabis Recreational and medical applications Industrial applications. Adult lifetime use by country Annual use by country. Cannabis political parties of the US of Minnesota of Spain List of British politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use List of American politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use. Ker v. California Leary v. United States Kyllo v. United States Gonzales v. Raich ADPF Cannabis portal Category. Categories : Cannabis culture Cannabis smoking Entheogens Preparations of cannabis. Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links CS1 Norwegian-language sources no CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Articles containing Persian-language text Pages using Lang-xx templates Pages with Persian IPA Articles needing additional references from June All articles needing additional references Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from June All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases All articles with vague or ambiguous time Vague or ambiguous time from December All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from August Commons category link is on Wikidata Articles containing video clips. Cannabis indica , Cannabis sativa , Cannabis ruderalis \[ a \]. South Asia \[ 2 \]. Tetrahydrocannabinol , cannabidiol , cannabinol , tetrahydrocannabivarin. Related Drug culture Drug liberalization Illegal drug trade Psychedelia. 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Buying hash Lebanon