Buying cocaine online in Rishikesh

__________________________

📍 Verified store!

📍 Guarantees! Quality! Reviews!

__________________________

▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼

▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲

Buying cocaine online in Rishikesh

Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. Media provides and shapes public knowledge, perceptions, and attitude towards people with substance misuse. We aimed to explore the content and specific themes of Indian online news articles on substance use or persons with substance misuse. We followed an exploratory qualitative design to analyze online news media reports published between July 1 and June 30 Hundred articles met the selection criteria. Our content analysis was based on a checklist. Thematic analysis was done by the coding, categorization, and theme generation after meticulous data immersion and triangulation. Sixty percent of articles had pessimistic headlines and portrayed substance use or persons with substance use negatively. Fifty-one percent articles were on alcohol. We identified seven themes. The theme, treatment strategy, appeared in only five articles. There is an urgent need for media guidelines for responsible reporting of substance misuse. We suggested a set of recommendations for media reporting. This enormous treatment gap is contributed by poor awareness regarding SUD and perceived treatment need, difficult treatment access, and low treatment retention Degenhardt et al. Public and internalized stigma reinforce these three barriers to receive and continue treatment. Media provides and shapes public knowledge, perceptions, and attitude towards people with substance use Committee on the Science of Changing Behavioral Health Social Norms, It may also influence policy decisions by changing public perceptions and attitudes of policymakers. Media may propagate stigma by exaggeration, misinformation, distortion, and sensationalism Montagne, Research from the UK showed a reduction in the number of stigmatizing articles in compared to , which as per the authors was a result of anti-stigma programs to improve the quality and coverage of mental illness Hildersley et al. However, a Cochrane review showed mass media interventions might reduce prejudice of mental illness, but evidence was insufficient to determine its role in reducing discrimination. The review also highlighted a glaring lack of evidence from the low-middle income countries Clement et al. Print and online media analysis showed media often associates mental illness with violence and crime, and seldom focuses on positive points such as recovery and would rather quote bystanders than mental health experts Corrigan et al. Similar negative portrayal is also seen in media reporting of suicide Committee on the Science of Changing Behavioral Health Social Norms, However, research on the news-media reporting of substance use is limited. The report showed a skewed coverage of drug use within the criminal justice context and as life-style use; use of stigmatizing labels was frequent and there was little focus on the informative content. Moreover, the report did not observe any significant trend in the amount and nature of coverage UK Drug Policy Commission, Content analysis of Australian newspapers too showed law enforcement news dominated the coverage Hughes et al. Limited research has also focused on the portrayal of substance use in television series, movies, YouTube videos, and single drug prevention campaign Montagne, These studies performed media analysis of reports from North America and Europe Montagne, These reports found that media portrayal for drugs use is sensational, melodramatic, dominated by moralistic understanding, commercial needs, and rather divorced from the science-based understanding of addiction Niesen, ; Stephens, Study from the Czech Republic showed supply reduction and crime-related news dominate the drug-related news Belackova et al. Therefore, there is a paucity of research on the representation of drug use and persons with drug use through online news media and media reports from low-middle income countries LMIC. India has an estimated 57 million persons with alcohol misuse and nearly eight million with opioid misuse. The estimated number of people with alcohol and opioid use is nearly three times more than these. Stigma, as in other places, is thought to be a major barrier in accessing treatment Ambekar et al. There is no published literature from India on the newspaper portrayal of substance use. However, a content analysis showed Indian movies glamorized alcohol consumption Rao et al. Our group analyzed Indian news media reports of suicide and mental illness. Analysis of reports on mental illness showed nearly a third of the articles had stigmatizing content and portrayed persons with mental illness as violent, unpredictable, and unreliable Raj et al. We hypothesize that in the absence of any quality control measures for substance-related media coverage, negative, distorted, and one-sided media portrayal would dominate Indian news media. We would suggest a preliminary set of recommendations for media reporting on substance use based on our observations. We followed an exploratory qualitative design to analyze online news media reports published between July 1, and June 30, We chose articles published in English because a although the Constitution of India recognizes 22 different languages, English is an official language across Indian states; hence, we believe results of English media reports would be more generalizable than reports from individual regional languages and b analysis of English media reports would have a greater appeal owing to the ease of communication to the international audience and implications for other countries. The selected keywords were based on consensus among authors; all of them have more than 5 years of experience in addiction psychiatry. We have provided the list of keywords in Table 1. We reviewed the first 30 articles returned by each keyword for possible inclusion because beyond that we are likely to find duplicate or irrelevant reports, and reports less likely to influence public perception Raj et al. We included reports that discussed about any substance or persons with substance use. Articles that contained expert opinion and commentary on any other aspects of substance use were also included. We excluded articles on only tobacco use, published in non-Indian newspapers, articles with restricted access, and articles with a predominant focus on suicide, homicide, and mental illness, where substance use was mentioned in passing. We screened news articles. We excluded articles. Out of the articles, we further removed duplicate articles. Finally, hundred articles were eligible. Please see Fig. We extracted descriptive characteristics of the news articles. Then, we evaluated each report based on a checklist designed for understanding media portrayal for mental illness Whitley et al. We adapted this checklist to use it in the context of substance use. For the detailed checklist, please see Panel 1. Our group has reasonable experience in performing thematic and content analysis of newspaper articles Ghosh et al. The senior authors AG applied the checklist on the first ten articles and trained CN and NS so that they could perform the descriptive content analysis of the 90 articles. There was little chance of ambiguity in applying the checklist because the checklist was largely fact-based. Only three questions of the checklist overall quality of reporting, quality of headline, and representation of images required subjective judgment. Ten articles, randomly chosen were coded by both CN and NS. The item-wise inter-rater agreement for those three abovementioned variables ranged from 0. CN and NS then independently performed content analysis of 40 articles each. The investigators used to have WhatsApp calls to resolve any ambiguity in descriptive coding. The news links of individual reports were added to the separate word document. Each included information was given the same number as on the SPSS sheet to facilitate discussions on coding, cross checking, and maintaining data quality SPSS Inc, After the checklist-based descriptive content analysis, thematic analysis was done by coding, categorization, and theme generation after meticulous data immersion. AG performed inductive coding for the first 30 selected articles and generated a comprehensive coding frame with definitions and examples to guide the coder in identifying the main themes and subthemes. Each characteristic was coded as being either present 1 or absent 0. Ten articles were coded by both NS and CN. We did not calculate any inter-rater agreement between the coders, but there were minor discrepancies that were resolved by AG. NS and CN, then, independently performed deductive coding for 30 articles each. However, any additional codes, discovered even during deductive coding were documented and discussed among authors. All the coding was done manually in a Microsoft word document. Once all the codes were finalized, themes and sub-themes were generated by triangulation. Two-thirds of the news articles were published in national online news platforms; among the state-wise news articles, there was highest number of articles from New Delhi. The modal number of words in an article was Any visual representation was present in 59 articles; seven The content analysis as per the checklist showed only 16 articles quoted any survey data, and substance use experts were quoted in only 19 articles. There was only one article on synthetic cathinones. Only five articles talked about shortage or quality of care for persons with substance misuse. Table 2 shows the descriptive characteristics of the news articles and checklist-based content analysis results. Details of the generation of codes and themes and corresponding article excerpts have been provided in Table 3. We discovered following seven main themes: a legal and criminal aspects of substance use, b psychosocial and health hazards of substance use, c propagating public stigma for substance use, d business and marketing of alcohol, e articles on epidemiological data, f sociocultural aspects of substance use, and g treatment strategies. Among these, propagating public stigma is a latent theme, and others are semantic themes. Legal and criminal aspects of substance use comprised of the following codes: texts linked to violence, dangers, and criminality of persons who use drugs or alcohol, texts on smuggling, trafficking, confiscation, and drug seizure, acts governing drugs and drug users, and on cannabis legalization. Codes such as the harmful consequences of alcohol, tainted alcohol, lifestyle use of alcohol, suicide, and homicide associated with substance use were combined to frame the theme, psychosocial, and health hazards of substance use. The following codes, i. The theme business and marketing of alcohol comprised of two codes: business promotion of alcohol and online platform for alcohol sale. International, national, and regional drug use survey data was categorized as the theme, epidemiological data. The theme, sociocultural aspects of substance use subsumed the following codes: sociodemographic pattern of substance use, and alcohol use among women. Finally, role of treatment, awareness, and community outreach were categorized as treatment strategy as a theme. We provided examples of the article excerpts for the corresponding codes in Table 3. After the victims fell unconscious, he pushed them one by one into adjoining well. There are a large number of liquor addicts in the area who drink daily. A beggar gave them the idea of consuming sanitizers. While gel sanitizers are costly, the liquid is very cheap compared to liquor. They were a mix of students, homeless people, frustrated, jobless, and depressed citizens from all sections of the society. The survivors, who are being treated at government hospitals in these towns, are still complaining of uneasiness, poor vision, shivering and giddiness. But now, the United Nations has decided to remove cannabis and cannabis resin from the list of dangerous narcotic substances. And, India voted in favor of the decision. Thus, despite a similar awareness of wines from India 59 percent and France 58 percent among wine drinkers in India, a higher proportion of Indian drinkers consume domestic wine. Thirty articles contained themes of psychosocial and health hazards. For detailed frequencies of themes and codes, please see Fig. We analyzed online news articles published during a 1-year study period. The articles represented national as well as regional news from 14 of the 36 Indian states and Union territories of India. Therefore, we had a reasonable representativeness of our study sample. Regular news articles are largely topical, and there is some evidence to suggest articles of less than word count are more likely to be shared with others NewsWhip, The salient findings of our study are a the most and least frequently encountered themes are the supply reduction, legal, and criminal aspects of substance use, and treatment strategies, respectively; hence, there is a disproportionately higher focus on criminalization, b the content analysis reveals that one in four articles uses stigmatizing language, or language that might propagate personal blame, and breached anonymity; thematic analysis identifies the stigmatizing words and phrases used to describe persons with substance misuse, c the content analysis further shows that only one in ten articles discusses the disease concept of SUD and one in 20 articles are about personal recovery or effectiveness of treatment; on half the occasion interventions are discussed in negative lights, and d one in five articles promote alcohol business either directly e. Therefore, our results are in line with the initial hypothesis of a disproportionate media focus on the association of drug use and criminal justice, stigmatizing and negative representations of persons with drug misuse, and little attention to the scientific and medical aspects of drug use. However, we have also discovered a promotional role especially for alcohol of online news media. We, therefore, advocate future studies should also do both thematic and content analysis because these methods complement each other. Criminalization of drug use is said to be a fundamental element and driver of structural stigma which at one end, might deter an individual from seeking professional help for substance misuse, and at the other end, might shape the care providers, policymakers, and societal views towards persons with substance misuse, thereby preventing access to evidence-based treatment and harm reduction strategies Fischer, By overemphasizing legal and supply reduction and underplaying treatment and harm reduction aspects, the media reports are reinforcing prevalent structural stigma. Use of stigmatizing and discriminatory language in media reports may shape harmful stereotypes in public care providers and policy makers Yang et al. Finally, restrictions of promotion and advertisement of alcohol is one of the best buys in alcohol policy; it is also a cost-effective measure to reduce alcohol harm at population level, especially in countries with a lower prevalence of drinking Chisholm et al. We were worried to see the direct or subtle alcohol promotion in the media reports. One-third of the articles discussed about the health and social hazards of substance use. This information might help in public awareness generation. However, use of emotive language, an individual case-based approach rather than a data-driven discussion , and subtle blame for the familial and societal harms might inadvertently marginalize the issue and the people with substance use problems. Perhaps, these stories feed to the need for sensationalism in media reports, whereas discussions around medical and scientific aspects of drug use may seem less popular. Our study has certain limitations: a analysis of only online English media reports might limit the generalizability of study results, b only a year of analysis was performed; hence, any comment on the changes in the quality of reporting over a period of time could not be made; moreover, the study period coincided with the COVID pandemic; it might explain the relatively less number of drug and alcohol-related media reports; nevertheless, the qualitative aspect of the media analysis is unlikely to be influenced by the pandemic or the number of articles, and c two different authors performed the thematic analysis and we did not check the inter-rater agreement. World Health Organization has guidelines for media reporting of suicide; likewise, several countries e. Although there is an ongoing movement to choose appropriate language while reporting substance use in scientific journals, similar efforts have not been directed to the lay-media Volkow et al. There is an urgent need for media guidelines for reporting substance use. Based on our media analysis, we recommend a use of non-stigmatizing, person-first language e. The reporting guidelines may be integrated with the national plan for substance use prevention for better surveillance and commitment. There is also an urgent need to conduct awareness and capacity building courses for the media professionals. Researchers must communicate their study findings to the media to help them report and disseminate evidence-based information. In the future, we would expect researchers to perform media analysis, for both print and online media, across different countries so that we can understand the variability in the quality of reporting, the points of concern that might increase stigma and discrimination—all these would help international agencies such as the WHO to come up with comprehensive media reporting guidelines. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Int J Ment Health Addict. Find articles by Abhishek Ghosh. Find articles by Chandrima Naskar. Find articles by Nidhi Sharma. Find articles by Fazl-e-Roub. Find articles by Shinjini Choudhury. Find articles by Aniruddha Basu. Find articles by Renjith R Pillai. Find articles by Debasish Basu. Find articles by S K Mattoo. Accepted Jun 4; Issue date Open in a new tab. Items for Descriptive Analysis Date of the story Form of newspaper—online only, online plus print version available Source of newspaper article—national, regional from which region? Yes or No; If yes, Tone of the comments synchronous with overall tone of news item? Yes, No, Mixed. Moderate consumption is associated with more widespread adverse effects on the brain than previously recognized. XXXX depicts name of different individuals. Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel. English names— alcohol, heroin, cannabis, opium, wine, beer, marijuana, liquor Street names- weed, joint, sleeping pills. Addiction, drunk driving, chain snatching, drug and violence, alcohol and violence, partner violence, domestic violence, mental health and drug use, mental health and alcohol use, suicide and drugs, drug overdose. Alcoholics anonymous, narcotics anonymous, opioid substitution therapy. Women substance, young drinker, homeless and drugs, drug use slums. Form of newspaper—online only, online plus print version available. Source of newspaper article—national, regional from which region? Is danger, violence, or criminality, narcoterrorism linked negatively to addiction? News story talks about smuggling, trafficking, confiscation, seizure—Yes or No. Mastery class account of recovery from substance use disorders. Are SUD interventions e. Emphasis on biopsychosocial model of substance use—Yes or No. Is there an option to leave comment? Danger, violence, criminality, narco-terrorism linked to substance use.

The Rational Use of Medicines results into a more effective treatment at an affordable cost. Essential Medicines List (EML) and the Standard Treatment.

Buying cocaine online in Rishikesh

JavaScript must be enabled in order for you to use the Site in standard view. However, it seems JavaScript is either disabled or not supported by your browser. To use standard view, enable JavaScript by changing your browser options, then try again. Hit Counter Since: The State of Uttarakhand came into existence on 9th Oct as the 27 State of the republic of India. Subsequent to the special industrial package announced by the central Govt. There has been a Substantial increase in the number of industries manufacturing drug formulations, cosmetics and diagnostic components. ORS Registration. NHM Preamble. Photo Gallery view photo gallery. Home Drug Control Administration. Uttarakhand Health Dash Board. Registration of Firms for Construction Terms and Conditions.

Buying cocaine online in Rishikesh