Buying blow Nijmengen

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Buying blow Nijmengen

This article appears in: Winter The Romans first established a military camp there, and the area has been permanently occupied ever since. Nijmegen is situated on the south bank of the Waal River, a branch of the Rhine River , flowing northward from Switzerland. Because of its location along a major river trade route, Nijmegen became an important commercial center long ago. And, because of its importance, it was also fought over by various armies during a span of 20 centuries. The 20th century was no different, as its strategic location and the Nijmegen bridge over the Waal made it an ideal objective for armies passing through from east to west and vice versa. Until there was no fixed roadway connection with the north bank; vehicle traffic used the ferry between Nijmegen and Lent. The only bridge over the river was a three-span steel railroad bridge, which was opened in In , a government committee started to make plans for building a highway bridge across the mighty Waal River at Nijmegen, but World War I intervened and put the construction of the bridge on hold. Although the Netherlands was neutral, all major civic-works projects were cancelled for fear that the war might spill over the border and drag Holland into the conflict. Instead of allocating Dutch guilders for the bridge project, the government used the money instead for building defenses and expanding the Dutch Army. Soon after the Armistice of , the committee met again and renewed the Nijemegen bridge project. Blueprints for the bridge were drawn and, in , final plans were made. Construction costs were estimated at 2,, Dutch guilders. The Dutch government approved the plans and, on October 23, , construction began. The Nijemegen bridge over the Waal River became the largest single-span bridge in Europe. It was a magnificent structure. The total length was meters 1, feet resting on four concrete and stone piers, with four lanes for automotive traffic and special paths on each side for pedestrians and bicycles. The highest point of the bow was 65 meters over the roadway. Building the bridge was not without risks. Three workers fell to their deaths and 10 others were injured in several accidents. After the queen had cut the ribbon, hundred of cars, buses, and trucks crossed the bridge. In September , the threat became real and Germany invaded Poland. The rest of Europe watched, waited, and worried. Nevertheless, the suspicious Dutch government called for a mobilization to strengthen the Army and Air Force. Warplanes were ordered from the Dutch Fokker factories, and extra anti-aircraft guns and howitzers were bought from foreign companies, while defenses were hastily built all over Holland. On the west side of the Maas-Waal Canal, the west bank of the Grave Bridge, and on the north bank of the Waal River, several concrete pillboxes were constructed. The same for the south bank in the Hunnerpark at Nijmegen, and well-equipped Dutch soldiers soon occupied the fortifications. Both the rail and traffic bridges were mined in case they needed to be blown in an emergency. Dutch Army forces at Nijmegen were prepared for whatever came their way. The Dutch Army fought back fiercely and the German Luftwaffe lost many planes that day; some planes of all kinds were shot down or destroyed on the ground. Included in this number were Ju transport planes. It was the largest loss the Luftwaffe would suffer on a single day. In an instant Holland was at war, and Nijmegen and its two bridges were a main objective of the German Army. Once taken and held, they could be used to shuttle tens of thousands of follow-on troops into Holland, Belgium, and northern France. As the enemy drew near, the charges were set off and, with a huge bang, both bridges dropped into the Waal. The effort hardly slowed the Germans, who crossed in assault boats and aboard the ferry that ran between Nijmegen and Lent; the city was soon occupied by Wehrmacht soldiers. Elsewhere, the country was being overrun. The battle for Holland was over almost as quickly as it had started, and a bitter period of occupation for Nijmegen began that would last for four years. Western Holland would be controlled by the Germans until May On orders of the German authorities, Dutch engineers started to repair the bridges at Nijmegen. Pontoons with cranes were used to lift the bow from the river and a three-year reconstruction process began. Finally, in , the rebuilt bridge was opened for traffic——German traffic. During the same time the railroad bridge was also repaired. As the war went on, Allied bombers flew over Holland day and night on their way to Germany. But suddenly, on February 22, , a formation of American bombers dropped their load on the city. Was it an error? Did the navigators mistake Nijmegen for a German target? Were the bombs meant for the bridges? No matter how or why the attack happened, the damage was done. Between and inhabitants of Nijmegen and several German soldiers were killed, with many wounded. The historic old buildings in the center of the city were heavily damaged or destroyed. The bridges, if they had been the target, were not hit. Four months later, the liberation of Western Europe began. It was D-Day——June 6, American paratroopers and glider infantrymen of the 82nd and st Airborne Divisions landed by parachute and glider in Normandy in advance of amphibious landings on the American Utah and Omaha invasion beaches. Also in the British sector Gold, Juno, and Sword British, Canadian, and other Allied amphibious troops came ashore after an early morning assault by British and Canadian airborne and glider forces to capture important targets. A month after the Normandy invasion, Allied forces conducted a rapid drive across northern France. The airborne divisions were alerted for several missions Transfigure, Linnet, Linnet II, and Comet but these operations were cancelled when ground forces overran the intended drop zones. By the end of summer, several bloody but successful battles were fought across France and Belgium, and finally the German Army was retreating in northerly and easterly directions toward the Fatherland. In Holland, the Germans were on the run as well. On this day, rumors were flying across occupied Holland, saying that the long-awaited liberation by Allied forces was at hand. After all, the previous day, the Allies had liberated Antwerp, Belgium, so the liberation of Holland, according to the rumors, must be imminent. In preparation for this day, the Dutch had made thousands of orange and national flags and were ready to cheer and shower the Allied liberators with flowers as they entered each city. As American and British planes began to fill the sky, and Allied paratroops and gliders descended to earth, it appeared that liberation day had indeed arrived. It was the vanguard of an operation called Market-Garden. In order to do so, airborne troops would first have to capture a series of bridges over major waterways in eastern Holland and hold them until relieved by stronger forces coming over land. If the operation were successful, British forces would be in an excellent position the clear the Scheldt Islands in southwest Holland and open the port of Antwerp. Such a move would also cut off German troops in western Holland. If everything went as planned, Monty believed the Allies could be in Berlin by Christmas and the war in Europe would at last be over. Montgomery and his staff put the complex plan together in just a couple of weeks and named it Operation Market-Garden. Photographs of the bridges and planned landing zones were taken by fast, low-flying airplanes, but information from spies in the Dutch underground was ignored. If they were recuperating, Monty thought, that meant that they probably were not combat ready and posed little danger to the operation. It was a beautiful, warm, cloudless day. It would be the largest airborne operation ever mounted up to that point of the war Operation Varsity, in March , would be larger. However, there were not enough transport planes to carry all the airborne and glider troops from England to Holland on one day, so plans were made to make one drop in Holland on the 17th, and another on Monday, September 18, It was also decided not to have two missions on the 17th as there would not be time enough to rest the aircrews and repair the battle damage to the planes. Through such decisions are battles and wars decided. On board were 15 paratroopers who were all able to jump from the burning plane. The crew chief was also able to bail out but four others were killed on impact. Except for two paratroopers who escaped, the others were surrounded and, after a firefight, captured by the Germans. The sky continued to rain paratroopers. Men from Colonel Reuben H. E Company, th, landed on the south bank of the Maas River and captured the large Maas River bridge at Grave in no time, and the villages of Overasselt, Grave, Nederasselt, and Heumen fell into th hands with hardly any fighting. The lock bridge over the Maas-Waal Canal was also captured intact. The Germans were able to blow the other bridges over the Maas-Waal Canal; at Malden, the bridge exploded practically in the faces of the company sent to capture it. The lock bridge at Heumen, although wired for demolition, was taken before it could be blown up, but the ones at Hatert and Neerbosch were gone before the troopers reached them. The bridge was badly damaged and was not able to carry the heavy British tanks. The 2nd Battalion, th, was dropped here by mistake, got their bearings, and headed toward Groesbeek to join the rest of the regiment and meet up with the th at the Heumen Bridge. The th sent out a strong fighting patrol into the German Reichswald, southeast of Nijmegen, where rumors told of 1, panzers hiding in the woods. The rumor was false and Groesbeek was taken without much opposition. The operation seemed to be progressing nicely now, despite the failure to capture more bridges. Colonel Roy E. Roadblocks were set up and the th Parachute Field Artillery Battalion emplaced their 11 75mm pack howitzers and were ready to fire on call a 12th howitzer was destroyed during the jump due to parachute failure. So far so good. Nijmegen was a different story. The bridges there were lightly protected, and there were guards on both sides of the bridges, but these men were of inferior quality. Shields Warren, Jr. Dutch civilians began to greet the paratroopers joyously as they moved into the town, but quickly disappeared when the Germans opened fire. A deadly firefight broke out and, despite repeated attempts, the th, which had earned a Distinguished Unit Citation for its heroic actions during the invasion of Normandy, was unable to get close to the bridge. Captain Adams was told by a civilian that the control mechanism for blowing the bridge was in the post office a few blocks north of the Keizer Karelplein, so Adams led a patrol that battled its way to the post office. After destroying what they believed was the mechanism, Adams and his men tried returning to their lines, only to find that they were surrounded by the enemy. The Germans outgunned and outmanned the lightly armed paratroops. The feared 88s and heavy machine guns were positioned in hastily dug trenches in the Hunnerpark traffic circle on the southern approach, as well as in and around the houses, and a number of homes were burned down by the Germans to create better fields of fire. Company G approached, only to be met by a torrent of rifle, machine-gun, and anti-aircraft weapons fire. Several paratroopers were killed by a machine gun on the Keizer Karelplein, their bodies left sprawled and bleeding on the pavement. A number of other paratroopers were wounded and were taken to a makeshift first-aid station set up in the houses on the Groesbeekseweg, close to the traffic circle. Company G was stopped only some yards from the bridge; it could advance no farther. The Germans started to reinforce their positions with regular infantry troops and Luftwaffe personnel. Frustrated, the th could do nothing but pull out of Nijmegen, leaving the town in German hands. To make matters worse, the British airborne troops, battling for their lives in Arnhem, a mere 11 miles due north, were still cut off and no relief columns could reach them as long as Nijmegen remained under enemy control. One of the heroes of that day was 1st Sergeant Leonard A. Funk, Jr. A total of 50 Germans were killed in the battle for the DZ, another captured, and all the 20mm guns were destroyed. The th also seized, occupied, and defended the Berg-en-Dahl hill mass, which controlled the Groesbeek-Nijmegen area. The regiment cut Highway K, an act that prevented the enemy from bringing in reserves——or escaping destruction. The Americans drew up a plan to seize the bridge in a night assault. Before the attack could be launched, however, Browning changed his mind and called it off, preferring that the 82nd hold the high ground south of Nijmegen for the time being. The Dutch resistance fighters and ordinary citizens bravely did everything in their power to assist the Allies. Tom Horne of Company H, th PIR, remembered that he and other members of his company were digging foxholes near a church in Nijmegen when a priest and a tall young boy of about 15 in a Boy Scout uniform approached. I did so and the boy dug a big, wide, deep hole for me. As I went to get into the hole, the priest motioned for me to wait and he sent the boy off on an errand. A few minutes later the boy came back with a small mattress which he put in the hole for me. By this time it was very late in the evening. After I was in the hole for a while, the priest came back pushing a wheelbarrow with a large pot in it. These people were showing their gratitude by serving us this hot food. One of the Dutch resistance fighters was year-old Jan van Hoof. By cutting the cables, van Hoof saved the bridge from destruction. He then went back and guided the Americans through the maze of city streets, avoiding the German positions. He would soon pay for his heroics with his life. Led by van Hoof sitting on a Humber, a British scout car, American tanks and halftracks were creeping through the streets with paratroopers riding the tanks; soon the Shermans and armored cars came under fire from the feared 88s. The Humber raced toward the railroad bridge. In the scout car were an American paratrooper and the two-man British crew. A German antitank gun destroyed the car, wounding van Hoof and killing the others. Several Germans approached the smoldering Humber and, seeing van Hoof still alive, shot him in the head. During a lull in the fighting, the four men were buried by Dutch civilians in the garden of a house at the corner of Lange Hezelstraat-Kronenburgersingel Nijmegen——about 60 yards from the railroad bridge. After the war, a statue honoring Jan van Hoof was erected on the traffic circle next to the Hunnerpark. Both Dutch and American reports give Jan credit for his part in the capture of the bridge, although there were several doubters. By Royal Decree, Jan was posthumously awarded the Militaire Willemsorde, fourth class, the highest Dutch military award. General Gavin and General Brian Horrocks, commanding the British ground column, met in Malden to discuss plans for getting across the Waal River as soon as possible. Gavin said he intended to send Lt. The only problem was, Gavin had no boats. Fortunately, the British had collapsible wood-and-canvas boats in their engineer train many miles back and offered them to Gavin. The British lorries carrying these boats were sent to Nijmegen with top priority. Finlayson, was ordered to collect any boats he could find on the Maas-Waal Canal. Repeated attempts resulted in repeated failures and mounting casualties. Intelligence reports estimated that some SS men, backed by artillery, mortars, and anti-aircraft guns, controlled the highway bridge and the accesses toward it. Reinforcements were needed. The weather in Holland was good. The weather in England, however, was bad, with low-hanging clouds and fog preventing the th Glider Infantry Regiment from taking off and reinforcing the 82nd. The th would not arrive in Holland until September The Germans had no trouble reinforcing their positions, however, and soon the Reichswald was bulging with troops, armor, and artillery. On the morning of September 20, , General Gavin climbed into his jeep and drove off toward the power station when his jeep was suddenly fired upon by German soldiers. The driver quickly turned the jeep around, while General Gavin fired back with his M The jeep raced back to the th positions in the Jonkerbosch area in southern Nijmegen. H-hour was set for pm. The tanks of the 2nd and 3rd Squadrons took up positions behind a dike near the power plant and started to lay down a smoke screen; British artillery positioned in Malden would fire their pounders to support the crossing. The wind blew away the smoke screen. Finally, at approximately pm, the trucks carrying the boats arrived and were unloaded near the power station. The th Engineers from C Company, who were to pilot the boats across the river, were stunned. They had never seen boats like these, let alone rowed anything like them. The boats——26 in all——were folding boats, 19 feet long, with plywood bottoms, canvas sides, and wooden struts to hold up the sides. There were hardly any oars, and there was no time to train in using them. The Germans noticed the activity around the power station and started to rake the area with artillery fire. While under intense fire, the boats were carried over the dike and lowered into the river, but some of the boats——and men——got stuck in the mud. In spite of exploding shells, whizzing bullets, and flying shrapnel, the paratroopers had to get out of their boats and carry them farther into the river, which was approximately feet wide at this point, with a swift current. The men had to paddle using their rifle butts as oars, ducking between strokes as the air was filled with small arms fire, heavy machine-gun fire, mortar, Nebelwerfer, and artillery fire. The crossing was made in several waves. Each boat carried 13 paratroopers and a crew of three engineers. Kappel , I Company Captain T. Moffatt Burriss , and forward observer teams from the th Parachute Field Artillery Battalion whose guns were positioned on the west bank of the Maas-Waal Canal. Due to their heavy equipment, several th observers had to stand up, exposed, in the boats. Men were wounded or killed, and boats were blown out of the water. The canvas sides offered no protection for the frantic men, and the punctured boats began to fill with water. Helmets were used for bailing and handkerchiefs were stuffed into bullet holes. Some of the men exited their sinking boats and swam the remainder of the way. The men had to run across a 1,foot-wide field to reach the foot-high dike. About halfway across the field was a shallow ditch, which gave some protection. Ordering his men to fix bayonets, Burriss charged up the dike, showing no mercy. I Company threw hand grenades into the German positions and shot every German who came in sight. No prisoners were taken at first. The men then moved through the fields, some heading for the railroad bridge and others toward Hof van Holland, an old Dutch fortress with a moat around it and German machine guns and anti-aircraft guns in its towers. Only 11 boats were available for the second wave, the others having been destroyed or abandoned on the north bank when there were not enough engineers to return them. The remaining engineers rowed these 11 boats back to the Nijmegen side to pick up more paratroopers. Thomas , 3rd Battalion, and 1st Battalion, th Captain W. One boat consisted only of engineers under command of 1st Lieutenant John A. Holabird, Jr. American and British artillery and tank fire covered the crossing. Second Battalion, th, also tried to suppress the enemy with rifle and heavy machine-gun and mortar fire. Although the boats continued to be hit by deadly fire, the diminishing number of engineers from C Company, th, never faltered, rowing time and again back and forth to pick up and deliver the remainder of Major Willard E. Wounded paratroopers were returned to the south bank and received medical attention at an aid station set up in the power plant. With only nine boats still available, the sixth and final crossing took place at pm. One of those who risked his life to ferry the paratroopers across the Waal was Captain Wesley D. For his heroism, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. After returning to the south bank of the river he refused medical evacuation but effected rapid and thorough reorganization of the remaining boats and engineer personnel for the crossing of the second wave. While leading the second wave, a pontoon near his boat was hit by enemy fire and capsized, but Captain Harris plunged into the river and, despite his wounded condition, assisted three men to other boats. Captain Harris then returned to the south bank and while supervising loading of the third wave, fainted for the loss of blood. The greater part of 3rd Battalion, th, on the north side of the river, bypassed the fortress and set their sights on the railroad bridge. Two pillboxes near the railroad tracks were destroyed, and the north end of the railroad bridge was captured and secured. A German counterattack, supported by 20mm self-propelled guns, was beaten back by the paratroopers. Several prisoners were taken and locked inside a chamber of the railroad bridge, while the fortress was captured by a platoon from H Company. Meanwhile, small groups from both H and I Companies were attacking the north end of the railroad bridge and spraying Browning Automatic Rifle fire while awaiting reinforcements. Elements from these two companies were also fighting their way toward the north end of the still-intact highway bridge. Lieutenant Jack Dube, Company G, th PIR, had crept to within a few blocks of the bridge when his unit was stopped by heavy machine-gun and 88mm fire and fought back with a bazooka, 60mm mortar, and rifles. Several shell bursts near my location restricted my movement. The shrapnel had penetrated through my helmet and helmet liner, leaving a jagged three-inch hole. A medic applied sulfa powder to my gaping and profusely bleeding head wound. Continued enemy shelling completely dispersed our small group, and I soon found myself alone with no weapon, and much confusion due to my injury. Weakness, dizziness, and disorientation convinced me to seek cover and medical assistance. Dube was taken to a hospital, which he said was soon was hit by incendiaries and set on fire. He was then evacuated by members of the Dutch underground and carried to the basement of a private home where he remained for three or four days before being taken to a U. Army field hospital near Nijmegen. Several tanks were knocked out but paratroopers fought their way from house to house, from rooftop to rooftop, battling their way toward the highway bridge. The SS troops in the park started to run for the bridge, leaving behind their dead and wounded. In a later stage of the operation, the Germans were buried in mass graves in several Nijmegen cemeteries; some dead Germans were buried in a special plot of the temporary American Molenhoek cemetery, south of Nijmegen. Now, with both ends in Allied hands, Major Cook requested tanks. Can you run a tank down the bridge to help them out? When the signal was given, the tanks raced across the bridge, blasting away with their machine guns and 75mm main guns. They managed to destroy an 88mm antitank gun north of the bridge; another 88 fired on one of the tanks, disabling it. When the tanks were midway across the bridge, the Germans tried to blow the structure. There were still a few Germans on the bridge, but their resistance was soon overcome and the bridge was declared secure at pm on September The price for the bridge was high; the th lost 24 men killed and some 70 seriously wounded in the river crossing and the attack on both bridges. In the battle for the railroad bridge, a total of dead Germans were counted and a little more than Germans were captured. Much of the city of Nijmegen was destroyed during the five days of fighting. An area of about a mile north of the bridge was cleared by the paratroopers, but the tankers refused to go on toward Arnhem to relieve the beleaguered British and Polish airborne troops; Dutch intelligence had sent a message with information that three Tiger tanks, several antitank guns, and supporting German infantry were on their way to Lent. The paratroopers and British tankers at Lent dug in for the night. During the night, the last wounded were evacuated from the north bank and taken to field hospitals in Nijmegen. At the time of the river crossing, paratroopers of the other battalions of the th had a hard fight at Mook. At Beek, about two miles southeast of Nijmegen, paratroopers from the th and D Company, th Engineers, succeeded in stopping several German attempts to take back the Waal River bridge. Heavy fighting took place in Wyler and Beek, the latter village changing hands several times. Launching a night assault from Berg-en-Dahl, Company H was raked by machine-gun fire coming from the cupola of a house. I took a shoulder hit that only skinned and burned, but to my surprise, Captain Toth, our CO, stood just above me in the middle of the road and called for Moon and Tucker to get that bazooka up front. Toth told them to hit the shutters on the cupola. A direct hit silenced that machine gun, allowing us to proceed down through the streets into Beek. After the order to pull back was given, Roll went over to the foxhole of a buddy, Cecil Bledsoe, to give him the word, only to find Bledsoe shot through the head. I was in a kneeling position firing my rifle at them when I got hit and knocked flat on my back. Harry Roll was behind me and he said I was hit in the mid-section because blood was coming out of my back. A few moments later I figured out that I was hit in the base of my neck. This ended my tour in the Holland campaign. Hospital life was more to my liking. All hell broke loose as we got into the center of town. After about 20 minutes of fighting, things quieted down. We pulled back out of town to the hill above it. The next morning we found out that the Germans were still there, so we called for an artillery barrage. H Company was to attack and take the town. Frank Shimko, R. Brown, and I managed to duck into a small building. About yards down the street, I saw a German sticking his head out of a window. It took me one shot to get him. Throwing all of our grenades down the street, we must have gotten their machine gun, too, because it stopped firing. Then we got orders to withdraw. The next day H Company took the town without firing a shot. Another Company H trooper, Ollie W. Griffin, recalled the loss of two buddies at Beek. When the company returned to the town on September 20 after pulling out the night before, they jumped into the same slit trenches they had dug on the 19th; the Germans were waiting for them. Bill Kurzawski was in another one about ten feet in front of Sides. The first shot hit Kurzawski in the head, killing him. Griffin got out of the killing zone as fast as he could with bullets following him, and ended up in a small woods. A few minutes later he was joined by Frank Bagdonas. He acted like no one was within a hundred miles; I guess he thought we all took off for Berg-en-Dahl. Frank and I decided to aim, count to three, and both shoot. We did and he went down. During the fierce fighting for Wyler and Beek, the th captured prisoners, but the regiment suffered heavily: killed, wounded, and missing. On the morning of September 21, German tanks approached the American lines in the western part of the Waal bridgehead. The remaining tanks were pulled back and the German attack was stopped, but Towle was wounded by shrapnel from enemy mortar fire and died on the spot. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor. Armored skirting on both tanks prevented penetration by the projectiles, but both vehicles withdrew, slightly damaged. Still under intense fire and fully exposed to the enemy, Private Towle then engaged a nearby house which nine Germans had entered and were using as a strongpoint and with one round killed all nine. By his heroic tenacity, at the price of his life, Private Towle saved the lives of many of his comrades and was directly instrumental in breaking up the enemy counterattack. His battered th PIR was relieved by the British 43rd Infantry Division on the 21st and marched back across the bridge toward Nijmegen. Some men of the th had been unhappy that the regiment had been left out of the Operation Overlord fighting in Normandy; the battle for Nijmegen more than made up for it. Although the fight for Nijmegen and the effort to capture the bridges intact was successfully concluded, the same cannot be said for the rest of Operation Market-Garden. Allied forces were never able to reach the elements of the British 1st Airborne Division surrounded in Arnhem, and so the entire operation stalled. Eighty-one British paras died trying to take the city and its vital bridge, and hundreds more were captured. The toll for Market-Garden was high. From September 17 to the 25th, the British Airborne Corps lost 7, men killed, wounded, and missing. The 82nd lost a total of 1, and the st Airborne had 2, casualties. The 1st Polish Parachute Brigade, which took part in the battle of Driel, lost Among the aerial forces, American glider pilots were killed, wounded, or missing, while the American and British air transports lost crewmen and planes. British XXX Corps lost 1, men, as well as 70 tanks. In the end, it was Field Marshal Montgomery on whose shoulders must rest the responsibility for the conception—and ultimate failure——of Market-Garden. Back to the issue this appears in. A lot of good detail and easy to read. However, the summary only gives allied casualties but no German casualty figures or prisoners. You conclude that it was a decisive failure, whereas I would argue that it was mainly successful. My answer is: I had immense difficulty finding the German casualty figures for the Waal River crossing, and never actually found the numbers. I wanted to focus on things that get less notice from the average history buff, which are. The success of the assault through courage and good planning. The role of the th Parachute Infantry and the Grenadier Guards in the attack from the south side of the bridge. How well British and American troops worked together in the tactical situation, despite differing methods and lack of experience at doing so beforehand. George Patton waiting for him. That never happened. Monty had already pulled most of the Eighth Army out of the drive on Messina to prepare for Operation Baytown, crossing the Straits of Messina. John Currie, who was seeking his own triumph. However, in the new movie, the British will barely appear, except as either stupid cowards, timorous mice, or complete traitors. She in turn will be the object of love of an ordinary seaman and a high-ranking officer. Critics will hail the movie for its special effects and dramatic acting. Wow, you can see some bitterness in these comments. As a Mexican who grew up primarily on American television shows, I believed to a certain point in my life that Americans had fought and won World War II on their own. Only until my adulthood and after reading various books, several of which were written by British historians, did I understand a little better the role of each allied country in the fight against the axis and their satellite countries. The role of no country in defeating the Nazi tyranny should be minimized, the graves of the soldiers of different nationalities who gave their lives for freedom are there to remind us of their sacrifice. The British Battle of Caen in Normandy says all you need to know about efficiency. British Soldiers are very very good soldiers but England had to have also a Prima Dona to be put under the light of the projectors. Whereas Patton was not? No, of course not. He had his faults as did many but he could also be a brilliant general, as could Patton and Clarke. Nice article. I would like to make one comment on the th GIR who were held up in England because of bad weather. Where you state, At the time of the river crossing, paratroopers of the other battalions of the th had a hard fight at Mook. Did you know that Gavin put the Glider Pilots on the line with the th? Glider pilots were supposed to be evacuated as soon as possible and were usually to be given duties that did not allow them to be killed or wounded. With Gavin needing to take a bridge and his th not materializing he was desperate for reinforcement of the th. He ordered all glider pilots to be put on the line in foxholes with the th. Many were waiting evacuation at the location they were given, a hunting lodge at Jachslot Mookerheide, waiting to be evacuated. Here we stayed for 3 nights and 2 days in line with the Parargt? We were relieved by members of their groups on the 3rd day. They were to dodge electric lines, and all obstacles in the landing zone including the Rommel Asparagus and land within a few feet before hitting hedgerows like cement walls. Then help unload, most of the time under fire, at which point they were on detached service to the unit they just brought in. They had to fight just as the airborne did in a hot landing zone but without the equipment or weapons the airborne had. In a perfect world it could have worked to just have them land and catch a ride back to their base which is basically the thought by the planners. Unfortunately, the enemy did not understand the plan. It is easy to see how they so often get over looked. All of them wanted to fight and were proud to be on the line with the th. Thank you so much for this article. Sans this blatent violation, there would be no shipwreck to exp0losre and there would have been a gigantic shortage of paper bags in British grocery stores as they would have been requisitioned for ALL naval personnel to hide their faces from the British public. You know, the shame, the shame, the shame. Well, yes — sort of. The rest, as they say, is history. And we should always try to follow the history. The Nijmegen Bridge was certainly not in the hands of the th PIR when the first 4 Grenadier Guards tanks rolled across the bridge at the northern end at 6. This is fact. Proven by U. Said paratroopers were probably fighting shoulder to shoulder with one of my uncles who was a Sgt in 1st Btn Grenadier Guards. Brothers in Arms. Patrick John Heffernan. You must be logged in to post a comment. The Nijmegen Bridge: Connecting Both Sides of the Waal River Until there was no fixed roadway connection with the north bank; vehicle traffic used the ferry between Nijmegen and Lent. Mad Tuesday Four months later, the liberation of Western Europe began. Paratroopers of the 82nd Airborne strap on their gear before their flight from England to Holland. Early Successes For the Airborne The sky continued to rain paratroopers. Heavy Resistance at Nijmegen Nijmegen was a different story. All aboard managed to escape safely. Taking Back the Drop Zone The Germans started to reinforce their positions with regular infantry troops and Luftwaffe personnel. Unlike the night drops during the Normandy invasion, the paratroopers jumped into Holland during daylight. Here men and supplies parachute into Nijmegen. Van hoof and the Heroic Dutch Resistance The Dutch resistance fighters and ordinary citizens bravely did everything in their power to assist the Allies. Narrow roads such as this hampered Allied efforts to reinforce the heads of Nijmegen bridge. An advancing American paratrooper narrowly escapes an exploding round from a German 88mm gun. Cromwell tanks of the 2nd Welsh Guards cross Nijmegen bridge, September 21, Fighting at Mook and Beek At the time of the river crossing, paratroopers of the other battalions of the th had a hard fight at Mook. Soldiers of the 82nd Airborne unload their wrecked glider after a controlled crash in a Dutch field at the opening of Market-Garden. The High Cost of Operation Market-Garden Some men of the th had been unhappy that the regiment had been left out of the Operation Overlord fighting in Normandy; the battle for Nijmegen more than made up for it. The Waal River highway bridge and the ruins of Nijmegen, shown after the battle. Log in to Reply. David, are you referring to my article on the Nijmegen Bridge crossing? I wanted to focus on things that get less notice from the average history buff, which are 1. Leave a Reply Cancel reply You must be logged in to post a comment. Related Articles. From Around the Network.

Battle of Nijmegen Bridge: Taking the Crossings Over the Waal

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We would like to make your visit to our hospital as pleasant as possible. Therefore, during your visit or admission, you can use the various facilities of the Radboudumc. Patients and visitors are welcome at our restaurant and coffee corners. It is possible to pay by card or cash at all our restaurant facilities. In our restaurant you will find coffe and tea, fresh salads, sandwiches, pastries and fruit juices. You can also put your own meal together. If you like, our staff can cook you up something warm on the spot. Main entrance Weekdays: Are you visiting a patient and would you like to join in a meal? You are welcome to at all nursing wards. If you want to have a meal, please inform the dietary assistant. In case of dinner, you can inform the dietary assistant until Your meal will be served between You can pay the dietary assistant by card PIN. Would you like assitance upon arrival at the hospital? Would you like assistance upon arrival at the hospital? A host ess will pick you up and guide you to your appointment. This is possible Mondays through Fridays between 9. Hosts are volunteers, we can therefore not guarantee this service. Is it difficult for you to walk long distances? Then you can travel with our golf cart. A volunteer will drive one to bring you as close to your destination at the hospital as possible. Mondays through Fridays from 8. Volunteers offer this service, which means that cannot guarantee this service. There is plenty of parking space on our grounds for the disabled. You can also borrow a wheelchair in several places. This shuttle service is a free service for patients and visitors who are less mobile. For people who are less mobile, the route from the Philips van Leydenlaan to the main entrance may be too long. This is a few hundred meters, and the road also has a large hill. This makes it unsuitable for some people to travel on foot or in a push wheelchair. Once inside the main building, patients and visitors can transfer to a golf cart, which takes people inside to their destination. The shuttle runs continuously Monday through Friday between a. The shuttle is an electric vehicle and is recharged between noon and 1 p. For questions about this service, please contact the Logistics reporting station at tel. Radboudumc does not offer land line services to patients. You are permitted to use your own mobile phone in the hospital. If you do not have a mobile phone, you can purchase one from the dietary assistant. At some places in Radboudumc calling is prohibited. This is clearly indicated when applicable. There are three places at Radboudumc where you can charge your phone safely and quickly. These are called the Charge-to-go charging stations. The Charge-to-go stations include twelve lockers with connectors for different kinds of mobile phones. The Charge-to-go indicates exactly how long it takes to charge, so you do not have to miss your phone longer than necessary. During the charging, you leave your phone in a closed locker. When hospitalized, you can watch TV and listen to the radio in your bed. You can listen to the sound via headphones. When you have a single room, you can also listen to the sound via the speakers. The use of radio and television is free of charge. Malfunctions can be reported at our customer contact centre You can contact them on weekdays from In the weekend and during evening hours, the control room does this task. Malfunctions reported before Shops Radboudumc has two shops where you can buy, for example, magazines, fruit, flowers, candy and gifts. The shop are located: At the main entrance Opening hours Monday to Friday 8. Patient care Facilities. Welcome to Radboudumc We would like to make your visit to our hospital as pleasant as possible. Food and drinks Patients and visitors are welcome at our restaurant and coffee corners. Restaurant In our restaurant you will find coffe and tea, fresh salads, sandwiches, pastries and fruit juices. Route Opening hours Weekdays: Staying nearby Family members of patients can stay overnight at various accommodations near Radboudumc. Information Center On our website you will find information about Radboudumc in general, our departments and also about disorders, medical tests and treatments. If you have any more questions or you are looking for specific information that cannot be found on our website, you can contact our Information Center. Shops Radboudumc has two shop where you can buy, for example, magazines, fruit, flowers, candy and gifts. Hairdresser Patients, visitors and employees at Radboudumc - both men and women - can turn to hairdresser Van Lin. You can come by with or without an appointment. The hairdresser also visits the medical departments by appointment. This is how you get to the right place. Assistance and golf cart Would you like assitance upon arrival at the hospital? Assistance and golf cart Would you like assistance upon arrival at the hospital? Golf cart Is it difficult for you to walk long distances? Disabled parking spaces and wheelchairs There is plenty of parking space on our grounds for the disabled. Shuttle service to the main entrance A shuttle service runs on the Radboudumc grounds, between the Philips van Leydenlaan west side and the Main Entrance Building A. Time The shuttle runs continuously Monday through Friday between a. This is how you stay in touch. Telephone Radboudumc does not offer land line services to patients. Internet Throughout the hospital you can use the wireless network WiFi for free with your own laptop, tablet or phone. Besides, many medical departments provide wired internet at your bedside. You can also surf the net at one of the PCs in our library, in the central hall or at the East entrance. Charging your mobile phone There are three places at Radboudumc where you can charge your phone safely and quickly. Charge-to-go The Charge-to-go stations include twelve lockers with connectors for different kinds of mobile phones. Which mobile phones can be charged? Iphones; lightning connectors as well as pin connectors Mobile phones with a mini USB connector Where are the charging stations? In the South corridor close to Hairdresser van Lin, route Next to the vending machine at the entrance of the R-building, route In the lift lobby of the Woman and Child building Q-building , ground floor. Television and radio at your bedside When hospitalized, you can watch TV and listen to the radio in your bed. Interpreter Do you need an interpreter to fully understand your doctor? Please indicate this to your doctor or nurse. Interpreter Do you need an interpreter to fully understand your physician? The interpreter can join the conversation in person or by telephone. For most widely used languages, telephone contact with a professional interpreter can be arranged within a few minutes. In case of an interpreter present in person or more uncommon languages, we need to make a reservation in advance. Mailboxes You can find PostNL mailboxes in the main hall and outside the main entrance. Spiritual care and pastoral care Your illness and everything related to it can evoke thoughts and feelings that affect your life, religion or belief. Sometimes you have to make difficult decisions regarding your treatment. If you would like to talk about that with someone, our spiritual counsellors are there for you. Spiritual care and pastoral care Spiritual counsellors Your illness and everything related to it can evoke thoughts and feelings that affect your life, religion or belief. The spiritual counsellors of the Spiritual and Pastoral Care service are all appointed as priests too, by different churches. They are able to bring you into contact with your priest, preacher, or another spiritual caregiver, such as your humanist counsellor, rabbi or imam. Also, you can call on them for receiving communion, anointing of the sick, baptism or another ritual. Ecumenical celebrations Every Sunday, an ecumenical celebration of word and table is held for all patients, visitors and staff. When you are hospitalized, a nurse comes by to ask if you want to attend this celebration. Volunteers can guide you to the service. The service text is issued at the medical departments prior to the service. Silent Center There is a Silent Center Stiltecentrum located near the main entrance route : an area for anyone looking for peace and quiet or who needs a moment of contemplation. In the Silence Center there is a separate area for Muslims. The area is always open and available to everyone. Intercultural spiritual counsellor The intercultural spiritual counsellor can provide mediation, advice and support when it comes to culture and religion. Social work Illness and everything it involves can disrupt your daily life considerably. Our social workers can help you to maintain control over your life — to reinforce or regain it. Together with you, they look for answers to questions and for solutions to problems. The social workers cooperate with our doctors, nurses and other healthcare providers. Just like other medical professionals, they have a duty of confidentiality. This means that they are not permitted to share your details with anyone. So you can feel free to confidently discuss everything with them. For example, informal care provides help in organizing childcare, assistance in solving financial and housing problems, and support when applying for benefits and facilities such as PGB personal budget and RIBW regional institution for sheltered housing. But also other issues can be addressed, such as your experiences and thoughts. For example relational problems, quality of life after treatment, etc. Contact Would you like to contact the social caregiver of the department? Please ask your doctor or nurse. Art Art can surprise, comfort, and give meaning. This contributes to the well-being of our patients, visitors, volunteers and employees. That is why you will find contemporary visual art scattered all over our medical center. Vorige pagina. Het menu Sluiten Open het Menu.

Buying blow Nijmengen