Buying blow Cartagena

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Buying blow Cartagena

I made it about 75 feet from my hotel before someone offered me cocaine. See the menu. Photo: Gary C. My hotel was not in a bad neighborhood, either. But still, apparently, very much the Cartagena everyone back in Miami had told me about. My image of the place had been formed not by s news reports but by stories like my friend who linked up with a bachelor party and found herself at a villa filled with tables of cocaine and naked prostitutes. So I spent nearly a week in Cartagena figuring out which one was closer to the truth — and found Cartagena somehow manages to be both. The natives who fled during Spanish conquests left behind vast amounts of gold, which tempted pirates sailing in the area. After French Pirate Robert Baal successfully raided Cartagena, and Francis Drake followed with another invasion, Spain ordered protective walls built around the city. Between about and , seven miles of walls were built around the city. Most remain standing. Today, instead of guarding against pirates, the walls are a place to enjoy the Caribbean sunset with a cold drink. El Baluarte San Francisco Javier , about yards down the walls, is equally lovely with smaller crowds and live music. Chief among them is Alquimico , a multi-level, chemistry-themed alcohol palace where you can sip on Painkillers in a pineapple or try original drinks named after different Colombian cities. If those spots are too upscale, drinking cheap in the old city is even easier. The old city might also have the highest concentration of souvenir refrigerator magnets of any place in the world. And in between cracking your beers and helping you find the perfect souvenir for your Aunt Cindy, many hawkers might also try and sell you cocaine. All this is wrapped around centuries-old history, the likes of which are hard to find without crossing an ocean. It gives the feeling one might have had eating in the grand dining room at the Castillo San Felipe up the hill. He reflects a point many people I spoke to about tourism in Cartagena made: The city knows it has an anything-goes reputation but hope people love it for other things. After an elaborate, two-hour meal we head back out towards the main gates of the Old City into a plaza that smells a little like raw sewage. The plaza is filled with bustling tourists and young women lounging in tight-fitting outfits. They make kissy faces at me and my friend. She points to a narrow strip of concrete running down the street. But they still use them to this day. A street-level sewer seemed an odd place for a sex worker to set up shop; perhaps it was strategic, at the main entrance to the old city. The vices of Cartagena seemed like just another thing for tourists to partake in. The city somehow is balancing clean and seedy on the same street corner without anyone batting a synthetic eyelash. But if you so desire, also plenty of stuff reserved for Snapchat. For more information read our privacy policy. Explore More Videos. Load More. More like this. Trending Now. Download the mobile app. We use cookies for analytics tracking and advertising from our partners. Sounds good No, thanks. Sign Up. You've been signed up! Follow us on social media.

How Easy Is It To Get Cocaine in Colombia?

Buying blow Cartagena

Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Knowledge of drug composition consumed on the streets and the identification and quantification of their adulterants is essential for understanding unexpected side effects, tracking routes, and drug profiling. Therefore, this work aimed to determine the purity and to identify and quantify the main adulterants found in personal doses of cocaine perico and coca paste bazuco in Cartagena de Indias Colombia. The data collected in this study describe a first attempt to introduce the qualitative and quantitative analyses of adulterants present in street drugs in Cartagena de Indias to improve surveillance. Through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry GC-MS , the purity and adulterants were quantified in 45 personal doses of cocaine powder and coca paste. Besides the above, lidocaine was also found in coca paste. The results are consistent with other research in terms of the widespread use of caffeine as an adulterant, but they also follow the growing trend of the use of levamisole and phenacetin. The wide range of cocaine content in samples sold in the illicit market could cause undesirable effects on cocaine users who do not know the exact intended dose for consumption; so, this study intends to make these results available not only to academic, public health, and national security agencies but also to tourists entering Cartagena de Indias, so that they are aware of what they are consuming and the risks to which they are exposed. Drug production and consumption are not problems that involve only developing countries, as today it is considered a global problem \[ 1 , 2 \]. According to the report, by , one in 25 people aged 15—64 had used drugs at least once in their lifetime, with , deaths associated with drug use in \[ 3 \]. According to UNODC \[ 3 \] itself, the effect of the Covid pandemic on drug markets is unknown and difficult to predict, but it could be far-reaching. In its latest World Drug Report in , this United Nations office claimed that the greatest immediate impact on drug trafficking can be expected in countries where large quantities are smuggled on commercial airline flights. Moreover, the UNODC predicted that the increased unemployment and lack of opportunities will make it more likely that poor and disadvantaged people will engage in harmful patterns of drug use, suffer from drug use disorders, and turn to illicit drug-related activities, whether that be production or transportation \[ 3 \]. Cocaine hydrochloride cocaine or perico, as it is better known colloquially is one of the most widely consumed illicit substances worldwide \[ 4 , 5 \]. Cocaine is made from the leaves of the coca plant and is an addictive stimulant that is usually snorted in powder form. It is also consumed orally, intravenously, or by inhalation, depending on whether it is consumed pure or as a residue \[ 6 , 7 \]. Although illegal in most countries, it is still commonly used recreationally worldwide \[ 8 , 9 \]. According to the latest estimates, there were about 23 million cocaine users worldwide, and the highest number is in America. The United States by itself accounts for about half of those users, with 5. It is estimated that in , about a quarter of the world's population used cocaine at some point in their lives \[ 3 \]. In the case of Latin America, cocaine and its derivatives such as coca paste cocaine paste, cocaine base, or bazuco, as they are more commonly known are mostly consumed in Uruguay and Chile. In contrast, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Paraguay report the least consumption \[ 12 \]. Coca paste or bazuco has much stronger effects than pure cocaine on its users, who manifest symptoms of anxiety, euphoria, compulsion, and even anorexia during intoxication. The stimulant effect of this substance disappears promptly, causing feelings of anguish, sleepiness, fatigue, and irritability in the consumer. Besides, the coca paste user usually presents preconsumption syndrome, which consists of anxiety, excitement, sweating, tremors, and rectal urgency \[ 15 \]. In general, the consumption of these psychoactive substances is associated with burns of the face, lips, and hands, dental diseases, bronchitis, sinusitis, and all kinds of pulmonary complications, as well as episodes of violence and criminal behavior caused by addiction, among others \[ 16 \]. On the other hand, street drugs are typically modified by dilution, contamination, and adulteration. Dilution refers to the addition of inert substances diluents , contamination to the presence of by-products of the drug manufacturing process contaminants , and adulteration involves the intentional addition of a pharmacologically active substance without the user being aware of it adulterants \[ 17 \]. Adulterant substances are incorporated into drugs in order to increase the amount of the product, enhance its effect, and in some cases, minimize negative effects of the drug. However, the use of adulterants can cause health risks, as the origin of the adulterants that are added is rarely known \[ 18 \]. Studies have shown that cocaine is the most adulterated illicit substance, mainly with levamisole \[ 19 \], phenacetin \[ 20 \], caffeine \[ 17 \], and phenacetin \[ 21 \] as main adulterants to enhance the effect of the drug. Knowledge of the purity of drugs consumed on the streets and the identification and quantification of their adulterants are essential for understanding overdose, unexpected side effects toxicity , and potentially fatal reactions. Furthermore, the identification of adulterants provides relevant information for the investigation of trafficking routes and drug profiling \[ 17 \]. For such reason, the objective of this study was to determine the purity and to identify and quantify the main adulterants found in personal doses of cocaine and coca paste in the city of Cartagena de Indias, one of the most touristic cities worldwide, reason for which, this study intends that the scientific community, state agencies, and the population, in general, can have access to this type of information of relevance to public health. This work shows the first results collected from donated drug samples in order to set the stage for further local mapping opportunities and to obtain an initial snapshot in comparison to what has been reported in other countries. Cocaine hydrochloride, used as a standard solution in the chemical analysis, was generously donated by the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Cartagena. Caffeine, phenacetin, levamisole, and lidocaine were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Colombia. Personal doses were donated from ten 10 neighborhoods or strategic points in the city of Cartagena de Indias Colombia. A total of 45 samples were collected. The separation of the analytes was performed on a HP-5MS capillary column of 0. The carrier gas used was helium, with a gas velocity of The mass spectra and total ion current TIC chromatogram were obtained in a quadrupole, through automatic radiofrequency scanning full scan. Quantification of the compounds was based on the measurement of the area of the sample peaks, interpolating on the calibration curve. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for all data and submitted to analysis of variance ANOVA. It is well known that illicit drugs of abuse are often sold on the street with the main psychoactive ingredient in combination with other substances with the main objective of not only increasing the amount of product but also to enhance its effect, increase addiction, reduce side effects, and even force false-negatives in screening tests \[ 16 , 17 , 19 \]. Based on this, this study was carried out with the main objective to chemically analyze a wide range of samples of cocaine hydrochloride cocaine or perico and coca paste bazuco , donated as personal doses by regular users, determining purity and identifying and quantifying adulterants present. The purity and adulterants found in cocaine samples from five 5 neighborhoods of Cartagena de Indias are given in Table 1. Caffeine is one of the psychoactive substances most commonly used as an adulterant in illicit drugs, such as cocaine \[ 17 \]. Previous studies associate the concomitant exposure of cocaine and caffeine to attenuate the excitatory effects of cocaine significantly, thus increasing addiction in those who consume it, aided by the natural addictive effect of caffeine \[ 21 , 22 \]. Another reason for adding caffeine and the other adulterants found in this study to cocaine is, as mentioned above, to increase the amount of product and therefore profits \[ 17 , 18 , 20 \]. Table 1 provides that the other two adulterants found in the donated cocaine samples were the pharmaceutical drugs phenacetin and levamisole, as in other related studies \[ 20 , 21 , 23 , 24 \]. According to studies conducted by Brunt et al. It should be noted that phenacetin is an analgesic and antipyretic with mild euphoric effects. It is a derivative of paracetamol and was withdrawn from the market due to several adverse side effects, such as cardiovascular or renal morbidity and mortality. Due to the above, this drug achieves pain relief that can occur during cocaine use \[ 24 \]. Levamisole is metabolized to aminorex, which is considered an amphetamine-like substance, due to its actions on monoamine transporters. Research provides experimental evidence that levamisole possibly prolongs the effect of cocaine \[ 24 , 25 \]. Other studies described that the use of this adulterant causes anemia, acute renal failure, and neutropenia in those who consume it \[ 18 , 23 \]. According to Karch et al. In another work, Pichini et al. Pichini et al. Those authors also claimed that GC-MS analysis was not able to identify whether the racemate of any of the enantiomers was present. This recommendation is also extended to this work. In other Brazilian reports, Lapachinske et al. Authors associated all the samples with international trafficking and were apprehended while leaving the country. Lidocaine, caffeine, phenacetin, and 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine were also identified in those samples in minor concentrations. As a remarkable finding in the study of Lapachinske et al. In the European Union context, Brunt et al. Finally, in their review, Solimini et al. These authors also stated that since cocaine is extracted from natural products, some impurities and minor alkaloids can be present in the final preparation. The purity and main adulterants found in samples of coca paste, better known as bazuco, are given in Table 2. As in the case of cocaine, all the personal doses of coca paste analyzed were found to be adulterated. In addition to cocaine, caffeine, phenacetin, levamisole, and lidocaine were identified in the samples analyzed, along with other unidentified components. Wheat flour, brick powder, brown sugar, lactose, talc, and mannitol could have been the other additives present and not identified in the analyzed samples \[ 32 \]. These data coincide with studies conducted by Sabogal-Carmona and Urrego-Novoa \[ 33 \]. Lidocaine, also known as lignocaine, is a local anesthetic of the amino amide-type. It is an antiarrhythmic drug that works by blocking sodium pathways and thereby slowing the rate of heart contractions. It is also used to treat ventricular tachycardia. This adulterant can cause brain effects such as confusion, vision changes, numbness, tingling, and vomiting. It can also cause low blood pressure and irregular heart rate \[ 20 \]. Barbera et al. Considering the pharmacological mechanism, blood concentration, and route of administration, the authors hypothesized that lidocaine could act with a synergistic or at least additive effect with the illicit drug on the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system. This is the first attempt to characterize the composition of street cocaine and coca paste samples from Cartagena de Indias. However, the finds are preliminary given that they only derived from donated samples. All the personal doses donated from different strategic neighborhoods of the city of Cartagena de Indias Colombia , both cocaine hydrochloride cocaine or perico and coca base paste bazuco , were adulterated and did not show a high purity of cocaine. Most of the samples were mixed with active chemicals, which can modify the signs and symptoms of cocaine intoxication. Caffeine, phenacetin, and levamisole were the main adulterants identified in cocaine and coca paste; although for the latter, lidocaine could also be detected. According to other reports \[ 32 \], the rest of the unidentified components could have been additives used to increase yields, such as wheat flour, brick powder, brown sugar, lactose, talc, and mannitol. The results are consistent with other research in terms of the widespread use of caffeine as an adulterant, but they also follow the growing trend of using levamisole and phenacetin as adulterants. These adulterants can not only be used to dilute drugs and increase yield but act as enhancers, which are also pharmacologically active compounds. The wide range of cocaine content in samples sold in the illicit market distributed in key neighborhoods of the city of Cartagena de Indias could cause undesirable effects on cocaine users who do not know the exact intended dose for consumption. This study provides new relevant data on personal doses adulterated with compounds that could represent a public health problem and should be addressed in drug use prevention and law enforcement strategies in the country. This study could thus contribute to improving public health responses to the addiction to these types of drugs that are widely used and relatively easy to access in the city of Cartagena de Indias and Colombia in general. Drug use is higher in urban than in rural areas in both developed and developing countries. Colombia is no exception, and the massive displacement of people from the countryside to the cities partly explains the overall increase in drug use in the country and indicates that it could get worse. There is also an evident and constant presence of national and international travelers in the Tourist and Cultural District of Cartagena de Indias during any time of the year, even in nonholiday seasons. Information on the actual composition of illegal drugs can be useful to inform health specialists and consumers who have limited knowledge about the composition of drugs sold on the illicit market. Therefore, this study, in addition to making this information useful to academic, public health, and national security agencies since the identification of adulterants provides relevant information for the investigation of trafficking routes and drug profiling and other government agencies, is also accessible to tourists entering the city, so that they are aware of what they are actually consuming and the risks to which they are exposed. The authors would like to thank Lucy Jermyn for reviewing, as a native American English speaker. The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Find articles by Jefferson Urzola-Ortega. Find articles by Luis Mendoza-Goez. Find articles by Diofanor Acevedo. Open in a new tab. Similar articles. 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Buying blow Cartagena