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Geetruida D. Blom, Ronald J. Globally, millions of subjects regularly use ecstasy, a drug popular due to its empathogenic and entactogenic effects. Dilutional hyponatraemia, mainly caused by direct stimulation of antidiuretic hormone ADH secretion by ecstasy, is among the many side effects of the drug active substance 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA. Severe, symptomatic hyponatraemia related to the use of MDMA has been reported in more than 30 cases. The mortality of this complication is high and mainly females are involved. Dramatic cases that reach the literature probably represent the tip of the iceberg. We decided to study the incidence of hyponatraemia in subjects using MDMA at an indoor rave party. The plasma sodium concentration was measured at the party using a point of care method in 63 subjects using MDMA and 44 controls. The use of MDMA was confirmed by a urine test. Most cases of hyponatraemia occurred in females, in whom the incidence was The number of ecstasy pills ingested by the females developing hyponatraemia was not different from that ingested by those who did not develop this complication. Fluid intake in ecstasy users exceeded that of non-users, suggesting a dipsogenic effect of the drug. Especially females are therefore probably also at risk of developing severe symptomatic hyponatraemia. However, accepting the fact that millions use the drug every weekend, strategies should also be developed to prevent hyponatraemia in subjects choosing to take MDMA. This would include matching the electrolyte content of the fluids and food ingested to that of the fluids that are lost during the use of MDMA, mainly by perspiration. Users of MDMA and emergency health care workers should become more aware of the relatively high incidence of MDMA-induced hyponatraemia and of potential strategies to prevent this complication. 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Sign in through your institution. Advanced Search. Search Menu. Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. Volume Journal Article. High incidence of mild hyponatraemia in females using ecstasy at a rave party Get access. Correspondence and offprint requests to: Geetruida D. Oxford Academic. Google Scholar. Renske E. Ronald J. Walther H. Cite Cite Geetruida D. Select Format Select format. Permissions Icon Permissions. Abstract Background. Issue Section:. You do not currently have access to this article. Download all slides. Comments 0. Add comment Close comment form modal. I agree to the terms and conditions. You must accept the terms and conditions. Add comment Cancel. Submit a comment. Comment title. You have entered an invalid code. Submit Cancel. Thank you for submitting a comment on this article. Your comment will be reviewed and published at the journal's discretion. Please check for further notifications by email. Sign in Get help with access. 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Causes of refraining from buying prescribed medications among the elderly in Kaunas, Lithuania
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Background and objective: Accessibility to medications among the elderly is a source of concern in Lithuania and beyond. However, there are no studies carried out on this topic in Lithuania. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the causes of refraining from buying prescribed medications among the elderly in Kaunas, Lithuania. A total of filled-in questionnaires response rate, For evaluation of the impact of explanatory variables on the analyzed event binary dependent variable , an Enter model of logistic regression was used. Results: The study showed that The most common reasons respondents could select several options for this decision were financial problems Refraining from buying prescribed medications was positively associated with age OR, 0. Higher education was associated with a reduced risk of refraining from buying prescribed medications due to financial problems OR, 0. An opposite association with worries about daily expenses was observed. Conclusions: Study has revealed that one-third of the elderly refrained from buying prescribed medications, and the main reasons for this were financial problems and disappearance of health problems. Abstract Background and objective: Accessibility to medications among the elderly is a source of concern in Lithuania and beyond. Substances Prescription Drugs.
Buying MDMA pills Kaunas
Factors associated with refraining from buying prescribed medications among older people in Europe
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Factors associated with refraining from buying prescribed medications among older people in Europe
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