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Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Medications usage has become a significant part of contemporary life. Many studies indicate that there is an excessive use and a considerable waste of medicines. This descriptive study aims at identifying the most used medicines in Saudi Arabia from to according to the statistics of specialized companies in the field. Comparison of the most commonly used drugs with those in the United States aims at clarifying similarities and differences. The results showed that the use of antibiotics and analgesics still accounted for the bulk, followed by proton pump inhibitors and anti-diabetics respectively, then anti-hyperlipidemic agents and erectile dysfunction treatments. The causes of this overuse vary according to the studies concerned between the self-medications and the over-prescription of the medication and the failure of the diagnostic and treatment procedures malpractice. The recommendations are the strict application of prescribed and non—prescribed dispensing systems and the further establishment and application of national guides in the diagnosis and treatment of communicable diseases. The repetition of such studies is useful in reviewing health policies and regulations related to health practice in general and pharmacological policies in particular. The utilization of pharmaceutical medications has become an essential part of our standard of living all round the world. Prescription drugs, particularly, are continuously considered as complicated issue: talk of pharmaceutical company endorsements, the rising cost of drugs and doctors over-prescribing their patients. Needless to say, that these drugs have an enormously affect on the life of the individual and community. For example, the misuse of antibiotics may lead to serious complications that can affect the patient and increase multi-resistant organisms within the community. Moreover, mean medication wastage was estimated to be Meaningful the most utilized drugs amongst the population in Saudi Arabia may open new areas of research. It may also help legislative and executives authorities in Saudi Arabia to improve the policies and regulations regarding the distribution and consuming of pharmaceutical drugs. Reviewing the available literature in Saudi Arabia indicates that this issue has not been previously investigated deeply. The first step in this regard is to determine drug utilization pattern in KSA with actual figures. The main aim of this study is to determine the top ten used drugs in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, comparing these significant figures to other world leading countries like the USA United States of America in regards of most utilized drugs amongst the population will give more realistic picture. Finally, recommendations based on the results will be provided. IMS Health is an American company that provides information, services and technology for the healthcare industry. It is the largest vendor of U. The firm uses its own data to produce syndicated reports such as market forecasts and market intelligence. Focusing on prescribing drugs not OTC is the main objective of this study from the year till Our choice of comparison is the US as it is a leading country in healthcare services and many published papers regarding this subject have been covered in their country, therefore, it is ideal for evaluation Lindsley, , Kantor et al. It is appeared in Fig. Diclofenac products were amongst top four drugs from to In years from to the top prescribed medication amongst all types of drugs and analgesics was the original brand of diclofinac. However, the local generic especially G1 product of diclofenac showed gradual increasing in usage throughout the years which result in leading analgesics class in and after while the original brand usage dropped heavily in The trend of the top 10 sold drugs in KSA during the years — the volume unit is Million. Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid complex was the only antibiotic in the top ten list represented by two generic products. The local generic G1 was the 3rd in the top ten list of the most commonly used antibiotic from to with steady increase. There are an antibiotic close to top ten list showed a notable increasing in usage which is ceftriaxone. The use of two proton pump inhibitors pantoprazole and esomeprazole was high in Saudi from to and shared the same level of consuming in and In and , pantoprazole was higher in consuming than esomeprazole. However, esomeprazole was the higher in A combination of metformin plus sitagliptin became one of the top 10 utilized medications starting from The two remaining drugs on the list were: tadalafil and atorvastatin respectively with notable increasing, and closely to them sildenafil came with notable increasing. The noteworthy result was that no antibiotics or analgesics were listed on the most utilized drug list of till in the United States of America. The pattern of the top 10 prescribed drugs in USA during the years — the volume unit is Million. The present study illustrated the utilization pattern of drugs in Saudi Arabia during the years — We are unaware of any previously published study focused on such aspect. Results showed that analgesics represent most utilized drug class in Saudi Arabia, in particular the potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug NSAID diclofenac. It is common in the society to use the OTC form of this drug like ointments and jells Cooper, , Sharma et al. However, the public use of analgesics can be explained, partially, by self medication Suleiman, , and the over prescribing of analgesics can be linked to poor control of prescription drugs in community pharmacies in Saudi and the loss of proper national guidelines Khan, One of key element in good prescribing practice is conserving the need and objectivity of the patient. In the USA, there were no analgesics in the list of top ten prescribed drugs. Over-utilization of diclofenac is worrisome since this drug has been linked to risk of cardiovascular disease especially when used with high doses and for long duration Antman et al. It has been noticed from study results that two antibiotics consistently appeared in the top 10 utilized drugs in Saudi. On the contrary, antibiotics were not found in the top 10 used drugs in USA, although USA had a similar concern before and it has been solved by controlling the prescription of antibiotics Roumie et al. However, irrational use of antibiotics evolved in both developing and developed countries Morgan et al. Irrational use of antibiotics has two dimensions, improper prescribing and dispensing. Some doctors prescribe antibiotics to patients based on incorrect diagnosis for instance, viral upper respiratory tract infections Stone et al. This can be even complicated by lack of adherence to the prescribed antibiotic therapy by some of patients, increasing risk of antibiotic resistance Bebell and Muiru, A cross-sectional study investigated selling pattern of antibiotics in community pharmacies in Riyadh, the capital city of Saudi Arabia. The researchers found that more than three quarters of visited pharmacies sold antibiotics to consumers without prescriptions. They also reported that majority of those who dispensed antibiotics without prescription recommend the antibiotics to the patients without direct request from them Bin Abdulhak et al. This behavior has been confirmed in another city in Saudi Arabia Al-Mohamadi et al. Another study showed that most commonly sold drugs without prescriptions in Riyadh were antibiotics and analgesics Aljadhey et al. Two thirds of all antibiotics are sold without prescription, through unregulated private sectors Holloway and Van Dijk, Even in those countries where over-the-counter delivery of antibiotics is not permitted, patients use antibiotics without prescription Suda et al. Moreover, Low adherence levels by patients are common; many patients take antibiotics in under-dose or for shortened duration Ranji et al. Low adherence can be referred to many causes, and Table 1 summarized major predictors of poor adherence to medicine Dimatteo, , Osterberg et al. Investigators found that irresponsible self-medication is common in Saudi Arabia and most participants had poor knowledge, and negative perceptions regarding self-medication. Generally, antibiotic prescriptions were Similarly, In Saudi Arabia, Practitioners tend to prescribe antibiotics frequently in winter and people tend to use antibiotics during this season and their attitude toward common cold management related to their level of education AlKhamees et al. Adapted from Osterberg et al. However that does not reflect the proper utilization of this class of medications. This improper prescribing pattern of PPIs, particularly by non-gastroenterologist, was observed earlier in another tertiary teaching hospital Alzahrani et al. Such studies indicating that Saudi Arabia, like other countries, suffers from widespread misuse of PPIs in hospital practice Jones et al. Collaboration between pharmacists and physicians to Implant correct measures of prescribing and develop evidence-based practice guidelines and adherence to it will produce improvement in this regard. The other drug classes in the list such as antidiabetics and antihyperlipidemic may reflect the current situation of chronic disease in Saudi Arabia Alqurashi et al. For instance, the presence of diabetes treatment for type 1 and type 2 in USA list of the top ten utilized drugs should be noticed. The increase in the prescribing of drugs used to chronic disease is expected due to the increase in the prevalence of disease treated by these agents. On the other hand, the effect of insurance coverage in type and number of medication should be considered. The influence of insurance coverage in prescribing behavior is a common problem in other countries. Starting from , there was an interesting increase in the utilization of erectile dysfunction agents. Two reasons can explain such results; the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi and self-medication. It has been estimated that almost one-quarter of Saudi Population suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus Al-Daghri et al. The latter is a well-established risk factor for macro- and microvascular complications including sexual dysfunction Maiorino et al. Over the counter selling of erectile dysfunction is common in community pharmacies. Recent study investigated the use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors PDEIs in a sample of Saudi men and reported that vast majority of PDEIs users bought them without prescription Alshahrani et al. Finally, the list of top ten for Saudi Arabia reflects the notable using of local generic drugs beside the original drugs indicating probably good awareness of prescribers about the comparable effectiveness of generic and original drugs Ahire et al. Our study has some limitations. Results showed that analgesics were the highest class of drugs used in Saudi Arabia followed by antibiotics as the second largest group with 2 antibiotics in the list of top ten throughout the years the study was conducted. Activation of an electronic tracking system will help observing that inappropriate medications prescription and dispensing by health professionals which can be a major factor in the over and misuse of those medications. This paper shows alarming increase in utilization of antibiotics and hence regulatory actions are needed to combat antibiotics misuse for better impact on the society. National guidelines for the management of common diseases are essential to minimize unnecessary over utilization of certain medications in health facilities. Finally more prescribing patterns within each specialty will help in that regard. Hopefully, this study will initiate a platform for further research on the use of pharmaceutical drugs and prescribing patterns in Saudi Arabia. In addition it may help directly the public awareness. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Saudi Pharm J. Box , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia. Find articles by Osama A AlKhamees. Find articles by Khaled A AlNemer. Find articles by Mohammed W Bin Maneea. Find articles by Faisal A AlSugair. Find articles by Bassam H AlEnizi. Find articles by Adel A Alharf. Open in a new tab. Patient-related limitations Barriers to care or medicine Psychological problems, particularly depression Poor relationship between patient and provider Cognitive impairment Missed appointments Asymptomatic disease Lack of health insurance Inadequate follow-up or discharge planning Cost of copayment or coinsurance Side effects of medicine Complexity of treatment Patient lacks belief in benefit of treatment Access restrictions e. Peer review under responsibility of King Saud University. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel.

Top 10 most used drugs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2010–2015

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This study assessed satisfaction of patients from pharmacist counseling service and estimated their willing to pay for the same. Methods: A month-long survey was conducted in community and hospital pharmacies located in Khobar, Dammam, and Qatif cities of Saudi Arabia, using Arabic version of Patient Satisfaction Feedback PSF questionnaire that measured satisfaction with counseling as well as willingness-to-pay. Convenient sampling method was used, and sample size was calculated based on power analysis. Data was analyzed through SPSS version The study was approved by concerned ethical committee IRB Patients were more willing to pay if, they had an income above SAR 10, i. Most patients Conclusion: Patients considered counseling as an important service and were satisfied from it. Less than a third of patients were willing to pay for the service. Knowledge and helpfulness of pharmacist were identified as two major determinants that could not only satisfy and but also promote willingness to pay for the service. A pharmacist with skills in pharmaceutical care and counseling could be useful in promoting the service and making it profitable for pharmacy business. Patient satisfaction is one of the most common and indirect indicators for evaluating the quality of health service Prakash, Available evidence indicates that patients who are satisfied from a healthcare service are more likely to achieve their target goals of therapy Tabbish, Besides, satisfied patients are more likely to have better recovery that motivates healthcare provider to deliver better care Wendy and Scott, ; Naqvi et al. In healthcare system of France and Germany, measuring satisfaction of patients from healthcare delivery is required for quality assurance Boyer et al. On a positive side, satisfaction fosters patient loyalty that results in better patient retention Pavel et al. The healthcare facility may receive more recommendations and subsequently increase its profits. Moreover, studies mention that satisfied patients were willing to pay for the service Poulas et al. Willingness to pay WTP is a pharmacoeconomic evaluation technique to understand how important patients consider the service and prefer it. It is a type of cost-benefit analysis CBA that measures the benefit of a health service and cost of service in monetary terms Johannesson and Jonsson, This could be examined by utilizing several methods namely conjoint analysis, choice modeling, discrete choice experiment DSE , or the most commonly used contingent valuation CV technique, with either revealed or stated preference approach in which patients are asked to quote an amount that they are willing to pay for a particular service Suh, ; Taylor and Armour, ; Drummond et al. Few studies have endeavored to measure the economic impact of pharmacy services through WTP as a proxy Smith, ; Johannesson et al. It was reported in a study that more than half of patients were willing to pay an average USD 23 for one-time pharmaceutical care consultation by pharmacist. A range of USD 4—40 was reported in literature as the amount patients were willing to pay for pharmacist consultations Shafie and Hassali, Studies that evaluate WTP for pharmacy counseling service in developing countries are scant. Apart from the work of Pavel and colleagues, there is no study that has measured satisfaction of patients together with their willingness to pay for the service Pavel et al. Moreover, data from the developing countries are lacking as none of the studies had measured patients WTP for a counseling service. Though, Naqvi and colleagues measured WTP for pharmacist counseling however, the demographics of Pakistani and Saudi patients were quite different. Hence, they could not be compared since demographic characteristics may act as determinants of WTP. This cross-sectional study was carried out during March to April It was conducted in hospital and community pharmacies located in three cities namely Khobar, Dammam, and Qatif, that are situated in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The study targeted patients who were counseled by pharmacists. The aim was to assess patient satisfaction from counseling provided by pharmacists and their willingness to pay WTP for the same. The venues of the study were hospital and community pharmacies. Hospital pharmacies of King Fahd Hospital of the University located in city of Khobar and, Al Zahra Hospital in Qatif city, as well as community pharmacies located in cities of Khobar, Dammam, and Qatif served as venues. All the three cities are located in Dammam Region that forms the third most populated metropolitan region of Saudi Arabia. The major city of this region is Dammam which is also the Governorate of the province. The city of Khobar is the second most populated city in the province. Selection of hospital pharmacies was made to sample a representative population of Saudi patients. Community pharmacies were located in every suburb of the cities in this region. Hence, each city was hypothetically divided into five zones namely north, south east, west, and central. One community pharmacy was selected as a venue from each hypothetical zone of the cities Figure 1. The study included adult male and female patients who spoke either Arabic or English. Patients aged 18 years or older were included. Patients with an acute or chronic illness, who had a counseling session with pharmacist were invited to participate. Patients who did not fill the above-mentioned criteria were not included. Patients who did not consent to participate and those who returned incomplete questionnaires were left out. The data collection in hospital pharmacies was carried out in evening hours on weekdays. Additionally, data collection in community pharmacies was carried out on weekends Friday and Saturday in evening. The selection of these timings was based on peak patient visiting hours. The pharmacist counseling session was a single face-to-face oral communication session with patient. The average duration of the session was around 8 min. We used the patient satisfaction feedback PSF questionnaire to collect data. It was developed by Naqvi and colleagues in Urdu and English languages. All items of the scale except item 8 and 10, are multiple choice. Item 8 is related to WTP and is open-ended. Item 10 is in the form of a rating scale Naqvi et al. The tool was translated in Arabic language before use. The translation process was conducted based on standard guidelines for translating and cross-culture adaptation for questionnaires Gjersing et al. We used the forward and backward translation by bilinguals Degroot et al. Two academicians whose first language was Arabic and English as second language, translated and prepared the first draft in Arabic language. Both academicians were blinded to each other. Subsequently, the two drafts were then compared, and any disagreements were sorted out at this point. The pharmacist, linguist, and professor were unaware of the purpose of the tool. The Arabic version of PSF was a deemed suitable to use at this point. The Arabic version of the tool was piloted in a total of 58 patients and this process was conducted in two phases. The methodology of piloting was adopted from Converse and Presser Converse and Presser, The first phase was participatory in which the questionnaire was given to 23 patients who were informed that the survey was a pre-test for the newly formulated Arabic version of the PSF. The patients were asked to fill the survey and were invited to give feedback. All patients found the instructions clear and no changes or modifications were proposed. The second phase was an undeclared survey and the questionnaire was handed to another 35 patients in a real-time scenario as a quality control feedback on their experience with pharmacist counseling. Participants filled the questionnaire after attending a counseling session with pharmacists. Attention was paid to identify any query raised by patients in filling their response. This two-tiered piloting process ensured robust pre-testing of questionnaire. The results of pilot study were not included in main findings. Due to generalization of results over the population, sample size adequacy demand major concern. The size of sample was calculated using the following formula after collecting required information from the available literature Naing et al. Convenient sampling method was used to collect the samples and the collection procedure stopped after completing the required number of patients. Counseling satisfaction and willingness to pay were the two outcome variables for the current study. At the initial level, data of counseling satisfaction were collected using response of four categories very satisfied, satisfied, uncertain, and not satisfied. For multivariate analysis satisfaction level was re-categorized into two groups, i. Data were checked and cleaned for missing cases, incomplete information, and also for extreme value using informal technique Dunn and Clark, ; Islam et al. Logistic regression was conducted to determine the predictors of counseling satisfaction and WTP. The model fitness was tested using Hosmer and Lemeshow test, classification table, and Negelkerker R 2. Magnitude of standard error SE can be an indicator of testing multicollinearity among the predictors in multiple model. For current study we considered the value of SE less than 2. A two-tailed p value of 0. All patients who agreed to participate in the study were briefed about the study objectives and were required to provide their written consent. Data was collected from those patients who provided their consent. A total of patients responded to the survey. The mean age of patients was The patient demographics and counseling factors were cross tabulated with their satisfaction and willingness to pay for counseling service using chi-square test for association. No other demographic variable was significantly associated with willingness to pay. In addition, the counseling factors were cross tabulated with the same to observe any association. Patients who opined that counseling time was appropriate, were 4. The model for patient satisfaction is tabulated in Table 4 and represented graphically in Figure 2. The model is adjusted for demographic variables namely age, education, occupation, and income. Multicollinearity was checked and was not present. Patients who had counseling without experiencing any difficulty were 2. Patients who had higher income were more likely to pay for counseling AOR 1. The model is presented in Table 5 and Figure 3. Patient satisfaction is regarded as an indirect indicator of quality of healthcare service. It has the potential to translate into better patient care and as well as increase profitability for the service provider. This is important considering marketable potential of service. Our study documented patient satisfaction and their willingness to pay for counseling, as a pharmaceutical service provided at hospital and community pharmacies. With the exception of the work of Alhaddad, no study has been conducted in Saudi Arabia that reports this phenomenon Alhaddad, This study was conducted in the third largest metropolitan region of Saudi Arabia comprising of three major cities with a population of over 0. The study utilized a previously validated instrument known as patient satisfaction feedback PSF that was translated in Arabic language, and gathered responses from a large patient sample in both hospital and community pharmacy settings Naqvi et al. These are some notable strengths of this work. The study reported that slightly less than half of the patients This figure for satisfaction was quite high compared to previous studies reported from other parts of the world. Yang and colleagues conducted a study in South Korean patients to report satisfaction with medication counseling provided in community pharmacies. All studies except the one in Pakistan, were conducted in community pharmacies where the majority of patients appeared unsatisfied. The Pakistani study was based in hospital pharmacy settings where most patients appeared satisfied. A possible explanation to this occurrence in our study could be based on patient population. Patients who have had an experience with counseling before would be more acquainted with the service compared to those who have not had counseling before. Logistic regression analysis highlighted that such patients were more likely to be satisfied as compared to those who had no previous exposure. This finding is in line with results of Naqvi and colleagues Naqvi et al. The hypothesis is further strengthened by findings of the study in Netherlands where most patients who were dissatisfied had never attended counseling sessions before van Geffen et al. This meant that educated and uneducated patients have an equal chance of being satisfied and vice versa. Such expectations could be related to knowledge of disease and treatment. This may be due to expectation of patients with chronic and acute illnesses. Pakistani patients with chronic illnesses seemed more likely to be satisfied with counseling compared to those with acute illnesses. Whereas satisfaction of Saudi patients was not associated with type of illness. This could be due to number of patients and time duration of counseling. Pakistan has a population of over million while Saudi population is just over 30 million General Authority for Statistics, Secondly, there are about 32, registered pharmacists in Pakistan while registered pharmacists in Saudi Arabia are about 24, Naqvi et al. Therefore, pharmacy workforce density in Saudi healthcare system is higher as compared to Pakistan. Hence, pharmacists in Saudi healthcare system can afford to give more time to patients during counseling Alfadl et al. Therefore, patients with severe illnesses may have been prioritized for counseling in Pakistan. Further, there was no significant association of satisfaction with income in Saudi patients. This occurrence could be explained based on out-of-pocket expenditure. Unlike patients in Pakistan, Saudi patients do not have to pay direct costs for treatment. Therefore, income is not a determinant of satisfaction. Patients of developing countries may have to bear out-of-pocket cost to purchase medicines. This meant that Pakistani patients who had health insurance were more likely to be satisfied with counseling as they did not have to pay out-of-pocket costs. The second parameter to observe while documenting the satisfaction was the quality of service. Yang and colleagues mentioned the attitude of pharmacist, use of patient-intelligible language and simpler information contents, as determinants of patient satisfaction Yang et al. Considering the advancements in pharmacy profession, pharmacists have to assume the role of patient care provider and a member of allied healthcare team alongside traditional job responsibilities of medication dispensing and drug information services Alamri et al. This could increase workload and subsequently add to the job stress that has the potential to decrease work efficiency of pharmacist. As a result, patients may be dissatisfied Lea et al. Higher job stress levels related to patient care have been reported from pharmacists working in Saudi healthcare settings Suleiman, Appropriate number of staff and effective time management could help pharmacists manage their traditional and clinical roles. There was a significant association between counseling time and satisfaction. Patients who mentioned that counseling time was appropriate were four times more likely to be satisfied and five times more likely to pay. Additionally, there may be a direct relationship between counseling duration and patient satisfaction Yang et al. The patients were asked about their willingness to pay for the counseling service should it be charged. Regression analysis indicated that satisfied patients were 1. This amount was higher than that reported from Pakistani patients, i. Evidence indicates that despite being satisfied, most patients are not willing to pay for pharmacy services and are likely to avail such extended pharmacy services only if it is available free of cost Lee et al. The proportion of patients willing to pay for pharmacist counseling service in this study were lower than the figures reported in the literature, i. Therefore, patients with a high purchasing power, i. Patients who attended counseling session in hospital settings were more likely to pay as compared to those who attended the same in community pharmacy settings. Studies have mentioned that achievement of positive health outcomes are linked to WTP. Evidence indicates that patients would be willing to pay if their satisfaction with the following three healthcare features is increased. Since these three attributes are more likely to be achieved in a hospital setting, the patients are more likely to be willing to pay in those settings. Previous counseling experience may have increased their knowledge and have empowered them in managing their conditions. Hence, they are satisfied and may not require a paid session with pharmacist anymore. The association of satisfaction with previous counseling experience can also be explained by this occurrence. The patients who received counseling without facing any difficulty such as understanding of language, voice and speech, were 2. Moreover, patients who indicated that they found the pharmacist useful were 3. These factors highlight the importance of acquiring skills for pharmaceutical care and patient counseling. A skilled pharmacist has more potential to not only promote patient satisfaction and WTP for the service but also to increase the likelihood of achieving positive health outcomes. The response would affect the outcome of illness. The perception of illness is based on disease identity, timeline, consequences, cause, controllability, and emotionality McAndrew et al. A pharmacist with pharmaceutical care and counseling skills could provide disease education and conditioning that may empower patients in all six domains. As a result, patients with a positive perception of disease and controlled emotional response to the risks associated with negative outcomes of the disease, would be in a better position to achieve positive health outcomes. The study had a limitation of strategic bias. Some patients may not have liked the questions related to WTP and subsequently chose to not answer them. This was not because they did not perceive the value of the service but felt that counseling service should be free of charge. Besides, there was no question that could identify the reasons behind their answer regarding WTP and their declared amount. Moreover, the selected sampling technique was convenient sampling. Therefore, readers are instructed to generalize the results with caution. This study highlighted that patients considered pharmacist counseling as an important service that could help in effective disease state management. The quality of counseling offered to patients in hospital and community pharmacies of this region was according to the expectations as most patients were satisfied from it. Contingent valuation method was useful to measure the value of pharmacist counseling service in monetary terms. Though, less than a third of patients were willing to pay for the service, we were able to identify the determinants that prompted patients to pay. The results of the study are useful in practical context if the determinants of WTP are considered while counseling patients. Knowledge and helpfulness of pharmacist were identified as two major determinants that could not only satisfy but make patients willing to pay for the service. A pharmacist with skills in pharmaceutical care and counseling could be useful in promoting the service thereby making it profitable for pharmacy business. This research paper is based on student research project undertaken as thesis for partial fulfillment of Doctor of Pharmacy Pharm. The raw data supporting the conclusions of this manuscript will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher. All authors provided their input in revision of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. We extend our gratitude to all participating pharmacists and patients for giving their time to our study and for providing their honest response. Aizuddin, A. Methods and tools for measuring willingness to pay for healthcare: what is suitable for developing countries? Public Health 14 Suppl 1 , O Alamri, S. Assessment of drug information service in public and private sector tertiary care hospitals in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Pharmacy Basel Switzerland. Alfadl, A. Evaluation of medication counseling practice at community pharmacies in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm. Alhaddad, M. Youth experience with community pharmacy services and their perceptions toward implementation of medication therapy management services by Community Pharmacists in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. AlQarni, K. AlRuthia, Y. The status of licensed pharmacy workforce in Saudi Arabia: a economic vision perspective. Health 16 1 , Boyer, L. Perception and use of the results of patient satisfaction surveys by care providers in a French teaching hospital. Health Care 18, — Cameron, L. The self-regulation of health and illness behaviour London: Routledge. Google Scholar. Chan, Y. Biostatistics Logistic regression analysis. Singapore Med. 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Consumer attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions about pharmacies, pharmacists, and pharmaceutical care. Mitchell, R. Naing, L. Naqvi, A. Assessment of patient satisfaction following pharmacist counselling session by a novel patient satisfaction feedback on counselling questionnaire. JPHSR 10, — Willingness to pay: a valid and reliable measure of health state preference? Making 14, — Assessing the value of a new pharmaceutical: a feasibility study of contingent valuation in managed care. Care 36, — Offodile, A. Issue Brief. Pavel, M. Assessing willingness to pay for health care quality improvements. Health Serv. Poulas, G. Improving quality and patient satisfaction in dermatology office practice. Prakash, B. Patient satisfaction. Reutzel, T. Willingness to pay for pharmacist services in a veterans administration hospital. Schoenfelder, T. Determinants of patient satisfaction: a study among 39 hospitals in an in-patient setting in Germany. Health Care 23, — Shafie, A. Smith, D. Suh, D. Suleiman, A. Stress and job satisfaction among pharmacists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi J. Tabbish, S. Taylor, S. Acceptability of willingness to pay techniques to consumers. Health Expect. Patient Educ. Voluntary Hospitals of America. Special Report: Quality Care. Market Monitor Wendy, L. Service Quality Improvement. Yang, S. Keywords: patient satisfaction, counseling, willingness to pay, health services, community pharmacy service, hospital pharmacy service, pharmacoeconomics, cost benefit analyses. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author s and the copyright owner s are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Top bar navigation. About us About us. Sections Sections. About journal About journal. Article types Author guidelines Editor guidelines Publishing fees Submission checklist Contact editorial office. Drugs Outcomes Research and Policies. Background Patient satisfaction is one of the most common and indirect indicators for evaluating the quality of health service Prakash, Objective The aim was to assess patient satisfaction from counseling provided by pharmacists and their willingness to pay WTP for the same. Study Venues The venues of the study were hospital and community pharmacies. Figure 1 Study venues and patient enrollment. Table 2 Descriptive statistics about patients counseling factors. Figure 2 Model for satisfaction with pharmacist counseling. Table 4 Model for satisfaction. Table 5 Model for willingness. Figure 3 Model for willingness to pay.

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