Buying Heroin Ulaanbaatar

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Buying Heroin Ulaanbaatar

Activities by an organized crime group involving the illegal entry, transit or residence of migrants for a financial or material benefit. The production, transport, storage and sale of goods that are fraudulently mislabeled or fraudulent imitations of registered brands. The illicit transport, handling and sale of excise consumer goods despite a ban or outside a legal market. Excludes oil and counterfeits. The illicit trade and possession of species covered by CITES convention, and other species protected under national law. The poaching, illicit trade in and possession of species covered by CITES and other species protected by national law. Includes IUU fishing. The illicit extraction, smuggling, mingling, bunkering or mining of natural resources and the illicit trade of such commodities. The production, distribution and sale of heroin. Consumption of the drug is considered in determining the reach of the criminal market. The production, distribution and sale of cocaine and its derivatives. Consumption is considered in determining the reach of the market. The illicit cultivation, distribution and sale of cannabis oil, resin, herb or leaves. Consumption is used to determine the market's reach. The production, distribution and sale of synthetic drugs. Organized crime that results in a monetary loss via financial fraud, embezzlement, misuse of funds, tax evasion and abusive tax avoidance. Clearly defined organized crime groups that usually have a known name, defined leadership, territorial control and identifiable membership. Loose networks of criminal associates engaging in criminal activities who fail to meet the defining characteristics of mafia-style groups. Includes foreign nationals and diaspora groups. The State's role in responding to organized crime and its effectiveness. The degree to which states have put oversight mechanisms in place to ensure against state collusion in illicit activities. A country's supranational structures and processes of interaction, policy making and concrete implementation to respond to organized crime. The degree to which states are able to control their physical and cyber territory and infrastructure against organized criminal activities. Assistance provided to victims of various forms of organized crime, including initiatives such as witness protection programs. Refers to the existence of strategies, measures, resource allocation, programmes and processes that are aimed to inhibit organized crime. Mongolia is an origin, transit, and destination country for human trafficking, with sexual exploitation being the main form of trafficking. Women and children are particularly vulnerable, which is a result of high levels of gender-based violence and gender inequality in the country. Victims are often forced into domestic servitude or sex work through commercially-brokered marriages, and child sex tourism is becoming increasingly common among tourists from Japan and the Republic of Korea South Korea. Traffickers lure victims with offers of work, scholarships, English language programmes, and drugs, and many victims are subjected to violence. Since the market for human smuggling in Mongolia is small, there is limited information available on the methods and routes used to smuggle Mongolian nationals. Reports suggest that air routes through China, Hong Kong, and the Republic of Korea are more commonly used than land routes. Although Mongolia was previously used as an alternative transit country for North Korean nationals attempting to reach the Republic of Korea, tighter Chinese border controls have now closed this route. There is no evidence of widespread extortion or protection racketeering activities committed by organized crime groups, despite sporadic individual cases. In Mongolia, there is no significant market for arms trafficking, as guns are primarily used for legal and illegal hunting purposes. Although there have been cases of illegal domestic exchanges of weapons, there is no indication that it is part of a larger problem. Trade in counterfeit goods, specifically irregular and unlicensed pharmaceutical products, happens in Mongolia. Although studies have not been able to differentiate between counterfeit and genuine sub-standard medicines, they have confirmed the existence of a lively counterfeit market in the country. This reduces the incentive for consumers to turn to the black market, making Mongolia less attractive to crime groups involved in tobacco smuggling. There is evidence of the illicit trade of alcohol, with criminal organizations smuggling alcohol excise stamps across the border to evade large excise taxes. Mongolia loses hundreds of thousands of hectares of forest annually because of various factors such as fires, pests, grazing, and illegal logging. Illegal logging is the most significant flora crime in the country. The demand for wood, especially firewood and timber, has led to the growth of the illegal market. However, local citizen groups have successfully reduced illegal logging in some parts of the country. The widespread illegal harvesting of pine nuts and illegal mining operations near forest areas have caused substantial damage. Illegal wildlife trade is a major issue in Mongolia. Because of a long tradition of hunting and increased demand from China, international trade plays a significant role in the market. Mongolia is a transit country for wildlife products from Russia to China. Domestically, the largest illegal hunt is for marmots which are hunted for food, and antlers of red deer and gazelles are also traded. Extracts and oils from five different endemic species have been identified, including deer oil and brown bear oil. Illegal hunting surpasses lawful trade quotas many times over, leading to the decline of some species. Attempts to regulate hunting have caused hunters to become less open about their activities, and there are conflicting opinions on whether the levels of hunting are unsustainable or have resulted in declining animal populations. Corruption and bribery lead to the inappropriate issuing of hunting licences that are inconsistent with conservation efforts. Illegal mining is another significant issue in Mongolia, especially small-scale artisanal mines where gold is illegally refined with mercury. Chinese criminal networks are involved in this illegal market, which largely employs Mongolians. Because of the role of artisanal mining in society, it is challenging to curb the illegal market. The use of heavy machinery is becoming more common. The production and sale of counterfeit fuel is also a common occurrence in the country. In contrast, cannabis grows naturally in the country and is popular across the society, but there is no evidence that organized crime groups profit significantly from its trade. The synthetic drug trade, especially methamphetamine, is the most significant drug-related challenge facing Mongolia. Methamphetamine is primarily produced in China and smuggled into Mongolia. Mongolia is experiencing a concerning level of cyber-activity carried out by Russian and Chinese hacking groups. The development of technological infrastructure in Mongolia may be promoting the use of cyber-tools by criminal organizations, which could increase cybercrime and compromise national cyber-security. Frauds involving cryptocurrency has also been emerging in the country. Financial crimes do not appear to be a common criminal market for organized crime groups in Mongolia. However, reports of pyramid schemes and cyber-enabled frauds have emerged recently, with considerable impact on the country. In the last few years, corruption related to the mismanagement of government loan programmes and the operations of a development bank were significant issues. Loans were distributed to ineligible people who later refused to return them, resulting in significant problems. Corruption is a major challenge for Mongolia, and state actors often support illegal activities carried out in the country. Local and national politicians have been found to be involved in a range of illicit practices, with illegal mining being the most prominent. Judges and police have been bribed or have faced political pressure from powerful actors linked to criminal networks. Furthermore, some parts of the private sector have also been cooperating with and profiting from the activities of organized crime. Massage parlours, hotels, bars, and karaoke clubs use victims of human trafficking, sometimes with the facilitation of local police. Some oil extraction and sales companies have been producing counterfeit fuel, which is then sold to gas stations for public consumption, operating in conjunction with organized crime groups to generate illicit profits. Mafia-style groups do not appear to have a significant presence in Mongolia, and their influence on society is minimal. Instead, loose criminal networks are a prominent feature of organized crime in the country, particularly in the illegal mining industry. Criminal markets in Mongolia are linked to demand from abroad, and local actors are required to work with foreign networks to carry out trafficking activities. For instance, Chinese criminal networks collaborate with illegal artisanal miners to export gold to China. Political parties in Mongolia do not campaign on organized crime as an issue, but instead focus on corruption, the economy, and political mismanagement. Specifically, corruption has been a decade-long issue in the country and it is considered to enable criminal activity, further undermining government leadership. Mongolia has also faced political crises and concerns over the consolidation of presidential power and the erosion of democracy. It is still considered a high-risk country for corruption, which is pervasive in the judicial and political systems. Political initiatives to reduce corruption have included reducing bureaucracy, improving the legal environment, and extending legal protections to human rights defenders, whistle-blowers, and investigative journalists. Nevertheless, corruption remains the greatest obstacle to political and socio-economic progress, with anti-corruption laws either rarely enforced or non-existent. Mongolia has signed and ratified all international treaties and conventions related to organized crime. However, implementation has been limited, especially in terms of cooperation with other countries because of language barriers and tensions between law enforcement and immigration officials. Mongolia has extradition treaties and mutual legal assistance with different countries and has been constructive in promoting international cooperation. In recent years, the country tightened its drug legislation, imposing harsher sentences for drug smuggling and making organizing drug trafficking punishable by a life sentence. The judiciary in Mongolia is professionalized, but there have been calls for greater independence. The system is facing various challenges, including corruption, political influence, and inconsistent rulings. Despite ongoing efforts to train and professionalize judges, instances of bribery to obtain favourable judgments have been reported. Due-process rights are generally respected, but cases of illegal arrests, arbitrary detention, and extended imprisonment that have not led to effective judicial processes have been documented. Mongolia has a specialized unit dedicated to combating organized crime, as well as others like eco-police and a unit for anti-human trafficking operations. However, their ability to follow up on drug trafficking, human trafficking, and contraband crimes is limited. Mongolia shares a lengthy border with China which is difficult to monitor because of inadequate infrastructure, and the country is concerned about the risk of trafficking across its borders. Mongolian border guards report maintaining relationships with many foreign border guard organizations, but also cite a high risk of corruption in customs administration. Thanks to international cooperation projects on cyber-security and new technologies, Mongolia has improved its capacity to resist cyber-attacks and raise awareness of terrorist cyber-threats to national critical infrastructures. Money laundering is a significant challenge for Mongolia, especially in the gold sector. Mongolia has made efforts to combat money laundering and has met the requirements to no longer be internationally greylisted because of this crime. The lack of official gambling legislation and concrete crowdfunding laws may increase the risk of money laundering activities. In this respect, the country is considered a medium- to high-risk country for money laundering by several organizations and measurement tools. The economic regulatory environment in Mongolia presents challenges for businesses because of corruption in the judiciary and land administration, as well as political interference in property rights within cities. The connection between politics and business poses a challenge for setting and enforcing effective long-term policies. Victim support facilities in Mongolia are inadequate and psychosocial care is limited. A culture of victim-blaming persists. The government provides funding to anti-trafficking NGOs that support victims of human trafficking, but medical care for drug users is insufficient and they often end up in the criminal justice system. However, it remains to be seen how effectively this bill will be implemented. Mongolian officials provide daily public service announcements and awareness programmes to reduce demand for commercial sex acts and forced labour. Mongolia has made progress in terms of preventative measures with the help of foreign NGOs and embassy communities. Despite these efforts, national action plans on the prevention of organized crime and corruption are either non-existent or not effectively implemented. Mongolia is considered a free country, with civil society organizations playing a fundamental role in various fields. NGOs play a vital role in anti-corruption work, preventing and caring for victims of human trafficking, and victim support, among others. The government seeks feedback from community support officers on law-making processes, and the Mongolian police cooperate with NGOs on victim support. NGOs also defend freedom of expression and media freedom. Although press freedom is generally respected, violations have been documented. However, media ownership is highly concentrated, and media are often affiliated with political parties, limiting their ability to act as watchdogs because of imperfect media legislation and susceptibility to government criticism. Mongolian journalists have been subject to threats and pressure that undermine media independence. The criminal markets score is represented by the pyramid base size and the criminal actors score is represented by the pyramid height, on a scale ranging from 1 to The resilience score is represented by the panel height, which can be identified by the side of the panel. A series of 13 discussion papers, one for each illicit market considered during the development of the Index. We're constantly working to improve the Index. By participating in this survey, you will be providing us with insights and suggestions that will help us make the Index an even better resource. This report was funded in part by a grant from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State. Capital Ulaanbaatar. Income group Lower middle income. Population 3,, Geography type Landlocked. GINI Index Criminal markets 3. An assessment of the value, prevalence and non-monetary impacts of a specific crime type. Human trafficking 5. Human smuggling 3. Extortion and protection racketeering 2. Arms trafficking 3. Trade in counterfeit goods 3. Illicit trade in excisable goods 2. Flora crimes 5. Fauna crimes 4. Non-renewable resource crimes 5. Heroin trade 2. Cocaine trade 2. Cannabis trade 3. Synthetic drug trade 5. Cyber-dependent crimes 6. Financial crimes 5. Criminal actors 4. An assessment of the impact and influence of a specific criminal actor type on society. Mafia-style groups 2. Criminal networks 4. State-embedded actors 5. Foreign actors 5. Private sector actors 5. Political leadership and governance 5. Government transparency and accountability 5. International cooperation 6. National policies and laws 6. A state's legal action and structures put in place to respond to organized crime. Judicial system and detention 4. Law enforcement 5. Territorial integrity 5. Anti-money laundering 4. Economic regulatory capacity 3. Victim and witness support 4. Prevention 6. Non-state actors 5. Analysis Download full profile english. People Mongolia is an origin, transit, and destination country for human trafficking, with sexual exploitation being the main form of trafficking. Trade In Mongolia, there is no significant market for arms trafficking, as guns are primarily used for legal and illegal hunting purposes. Environment Mongolia loses hundreds of thousands of hectares of forest annually because of various factors such as fires, pests, grazing, and illegal logging. Financial Crimes Financial crimes do not appear to be a common criminal market for organized crime groups in Mongolia. Criminal Actors Corruption is a major challenge for Mongolia, and state actors often support illegal activities carried out in the country. Leadership and governance Political parties in Mongolia do not campaign on organized crime as an issue, but instead focus on corruption, the economy, and political mismanagement. Criminal justice and security The judiciary in Mongolia is professionalized, but there have been calls for greater independence. Economic and financial environment Money laundering is a significant challenge for Mongolia, especially in the gold sector. Civil society and social protection Victim support facilities in Mongolia are inadequate and psychosocial care is limited. Read the analysis Listen the podcasts View all events. Next Skip. How to measure organized crime? Read more on globalinitiative. Give us feedback We're constantly working to improve the Index.

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Buying Heroin Ulaanbaatar

Activities by an organized crime group involving the illegal entry, transit or residence of migrants for a financial or material benefit. The illicit trade and possession of species covered by CITES convention, and other species protected under national law. The poaching, illicit trade in and possession of species covered by CITES and other species protected by national law. Includes IUU fishing. The illicit extraction, smuggling, mingling, bunkering or mining of natural resources and the illicit trade of such commodities. The production, distribution and sale of heroin. Consumption of the drug is considered in determining the reach of the criminal market. The production, distribution and sale of cocaine and its derivatives. Consumption is considered in determining the reach of the market. The illicit cultivation, distribution and sale of cannabis oil, resin, herb or leaves. Consumption is used to determine the market's reach. The production, distribution and sale of synthetic drugs. Clearly defined organized crime groups that usually have a known name, defined leadership, territorial control and identifiable membership. Loose networks of criminal associates engaging in criminal activities who fail to meet the defining characteristics of mafia-style groups. Includes foreign nationals and diaspora groups. The State's role in responding to organized crime and its effectiveness. The degree to which states have put oversight mechanisms in place to ensure against state collusion in illicit activities. A country's supranational structures and processes of interaction, policy making and concrete implementation to respond to organized crime. The degree to which states are able to control their physical and cyber territory and infrastructure against organized criminal activities. Assistance provided to victims of various forms of organized crime, including initiatives such as witness protection programs. Refers to the existence of strategies, measures, resource allocation, programmes and processes that are aimed to inhibit organized crime. Mongolian girls and young women, particularly from low-income households or those who are unemployed, are most vulnerable to sex trafficking, while boys are frequently victims of labour exploitation, often sent to countries such as South Korea, the Czech Republic, Turkey and Kazakhstan. Women and girls are sometimes married abroad by either their parents or intermediaries to men across Asia and especially in China, a practice that often ends up in abuse. Such brokered marriages are used to compel victims to work in domestic servitude or prostitution. In addition, orphans and children living in families affected by violence and alcoholism are targeted by traffickers. Children are often exploited in artisanal mining in the country or sent to China on visas and taken advantage of upon arrival. Transgender women in Mongolia are also vulnerable to trafficking due to discrimination in the formal job markets. There are reports of increasing demand for child sex in Ulaanbaatar as well as in mining towns and border cities, generated mostly by tourists from South Korea and Japan. Exploitation of foreign victims in Mongolia is common, especially of Chinese and North Korean men in mining, construction and the restaurant industry. A small number of Russian and Ukrainian women are trafficked to Mongolia on short-term visas for sex work. Corruption allegedly plays a part in trafficking, with officials and police officers facilitating exploitation. There is no information to suggest that human smuggling is a major market in Mongolia, although Mongolians are being smuggled to Western Europe, Japan and the US. Reportedly, smugglers use air routes through China, Hong Kong and South Korea, rather than land routes. Before China tightened its border control with Mongolia, Mongolia was a transit country for North Koreans being smuggled to South Korea. Although unlicensed firearms have been seized in Mongolia in recent years, mostly from hunters, at this point in time, arms trafficking is not considered a criminal market of concern in the country. Levels of gun crime in Mongolia are extremely low and there are no armed conflicts in the region to which Mongolian arms flow. A strong local demand for wood conditions the existence of illegal logging in Mongolia. For the most part, small-scale logging for subsistence occurs at the local level, but illicit large-scale commercial operations exist as well. The latter are likely involved in exporting wood to China, where a partial ban on logging has created demand for timber. Reportedly, illicit trade has declined since , but that has been attributed to declining animal populations. For the most part, scattered criminal networks, delivering animals and animal parts on demand, dominate the illegal trade. Mongolia is also a transit country for wildlife products from Russia to China via the north—south railroad that crosses the country. On a local level, more than a third of Mongolians use wildlife in some form, either commercially or for subsistence, which suggests that poaching is rampant. Should hunting continue at its current rate, the ability of the wildlife populations to replenish will be significantly reduced. Moreover, corruption and bribery lead to the issuance of hunting licenses that are inappropriate and inconsistent with conservation efforts, further deepening the issue. Illegal gold mining is another form of environmental crime that has a notable environmental and financial impact. Artisanal mining largely employs Mongolians and has become crucial to the livelihood of thousands of people in rural areas, either directly or indirectly. Gold is also sold and refined in Mongolia, and later smuggled and sold to foreign buyers, predominately Chinese, at market prices. There is little documented evidence on a domestic heroin market. Generally, heroin seizures are infrequent but large, leaving uncertainty as to how large and consolidated the heroin market is in Mongolia. Drug use is concentrated in Ulaanbaatar but is on the increase in the provinces as well, which might also be the case for heroin. The cocaine market similarly small in scope, limited almost entirely to the wealthy and to foreign recreational users. Cannabis grows naturally in Mongolia, making it easily accessible and, consequently, the most popular drug in the country. In spite of that, prevalence is not significant. Historically, cannabis has been smuggled to China, refined into hashish and smuggled back to Mongolia. There is no recent evidence to support the existence of such a flow. More recently, however, hashish parcels coming from the US, the Netherlands and Spain have been seized, which might suggest a shift in hashish smuggling flows. Overall, however, cannabis does not appear to be an important source of profit for organized crime in Mongolia. Conversely, the synthetic drugs trade in Mongolia and the trade in methamphetamine coming from China in particular is considerable. Airmail appears to be a prominent smuggling method, although methamphetamine has been smuggled through the border with China as well. In addition, along with the rising quantities of seized synthetic drugs, which might indicate an increase in domestic demand, methamphetamine labs have been dismantled in Mongolia, close to the Chinese border. Most criminal markets in Mongolia depend on foreign ties to function. As indicated, illegal gold miners in Mongolia rely on criminal networks, including Chinese networks, to export their product. Chinese nationals have also been implicated in and arrested on charges of cybercrime in Mongolia. Loose criminal networks are another prominent feature of organized crime in Mongolia. Such networks have ties to foreign actors and facilitate trafficking flows, as most criminal markets in the country are driven by foreign demand. Similar to foreign actors, domestic criminal networks operate in illegal mining, money laundering and wildlife crime. There are few reports of violence by loose criminal networks in Mongolia. Corruption is a major challenge for Mongolia and illegal activities are often facilitated by state actors. Politicians, at both local and national levels, have allegedly been involved in a range of organized crime activities, mostly illegal mining. Although there are organized crime groups operating in Mongolia exhibiting some characteristics of mafia-style groups, these are not widespread and their influence on society is minimal. Political parties in Mongolia do not seem to campaign on organized crime. Instead, corruption and economic and political mismanagement seem to be the main focus. Nevertheless, the government has responded to the rise of specific crime markets in the country, implementing judicial and law enforcement reforms. However, there is no evidence to suggest that organized crime has penetrated the political system. Despite corruption featuring strongly on political agendas, efforts to counter it have not had the desired effect. One anti-corruption measure was the establishment of a body tasked with investigating corruption — the Independent Authority against Corruption IAAC — but little has come out of its work. In , reforms were drafted and implemented to improve Mongolia's anti-corruption framework and align it with international standards. Their effect is yet to be assessed. Mongolia is party to all relevant international treaties and conventions pertaining to organized crime. The country appears constructive in promoting international cooperation. There are no reports of international organizations or other countries reprimanding Mongolia for being obstructive, although some tensions with partner states have been identified. Foreign law enforcement entities cooperate with their Mongolian counterparts through INTERPOL, while domestic customs authorities report frequent cooperation and exchange of information with counterparts in countering trafficking flows. The judiciary in Mongolia is professionalized and members of the system make use of a number of ongoing training programmes. Nevertheless, corruption and political influence are problematic, leading to favourable rulings and inconsistencies in court decisions. There are no specialized judicial units responsible for investigating and prosecuting organized crime. The prison system suffers deficiencies and allegations of mistreatment and torture have surfaced in Mongolian prisons. Specialized anti-organized crime units within law enforcement agencies in Mongolia have been formed, and the general intelligence agency in the country is tasked with investigating instances of transnational organized crime. As part of cooperation initiatives, such units make use of capacity-building programmes, but assessments of the effectiveness of these units is difficult. As with the judiciary, corruption appears to be an issue, with bribery being ubiquitous, especially among low-ranking officers. Worryingly, Mongolia borders with two of the most significant organized crime markets in the world — Russia and China — and border management is difficult. This, along with the risk of corruption in customs administration, translates into an increased vulnerability to illicit flows. Additionally, a financial investigation unit functions within the Bank of Mongolia, but the corruption that permeates the latter hinders the work of the unit. Thus, risk of money laundering and terrorist financing in Mongolia remains very high. Conversely, the economic regulatory framework in the country is somewhat conducive to doing business, although shortcomings exist. One of the key problems for companies in Mongolia is the lack of transparent and corruption-free frameworks to challenge regulations and settle disputes. This, at least in part, is due to perceived substantial corruption in the judiciary. Corruption within the land administration also contributes to difficulties that undermine the business climate, whereas land ownership laws for foreigners hinder foreign investments and open up more opportunities for corruption. Victim support facilities in Mongolia are inadequate and availability of psychosocial care is limited. A culture of victim blaming is still present in the country and victim-centred investigation techniques are underdeveloped. The government sponsors NGOs that support victims of trafficking and has a consular fund to aid victims exploited abroad, but proactive victim identification is lacking. A witness protection unit operates within the structure of the Mongolian police. Medical care for drug users is also insufficient and limited to detoxification treatments. Furthermore, drug use carries harsh penalties and, instead of help, users are pushed through the criminal justice system. In terms of prevention, Mongolia has a national anti-trafficking programme in place, which focuses on awareness-raising. Public awareness campaigns against corruption and drug use have also been implemented and a training and information centre to raise awareness on drugs was established in Arguably, however, action plans on relevant issues, such as anti-corruption or anti-trafficking, have not been designed or implemented effectively. In addition, social workers and local government officials who might work with vulnerable groups may benefit from further training on prevention. Civil society is active in Mongolia, especially in human trafficking research and victim care, but also in anti-corruption, supporting the work of the IAAC. Overall, NGOs and the government cooperate well and mechanisms for the formalization of their collaboration through memorandums of understanding are in place. Mongolia has made significant progress in media freedom over the past years, although heavy concentration of media ownership and affiliation with the political parties remain problematic. The criminal markets score is represented by the pyramid base size and the criminal actors score is represented by the pyramid height, on a scale ranging from 1 to The resilience score is represented by the panel height, which can be identified by the side of the panel. A series of 13 discussion papers, one for each illicit market considered during the development of the Index. We're constantly working to improve the Index. By participating in this survey, you will be providing us with insights and suggestions that will help us make the Index an even better resource. This report was funded in part by a grant from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State. Capital Ulaanbaatar. Income group Lower middle income. Population 3,, Geography type Landlocked. Criminal markets 3. An assessment of the value, prevalence and non-monetary impacts of a specific crime type. Human trafficking 4. Human smuggling 3. Arms trafficking 3. Flora crimes 5. Fauna crimes 4. Non-renewable resource crimes 4. Heroin trade 2. Cocaine trade 2. Cannabis trade 4. Synthetic drug trade 6. Criminal actors 4. An assessment of the impact and influence of a specific criminal actor type on society. Mafia-style groups 2. Criminal networks 4. State-embedded actors 4. Foreign actors 5. Political leadership and governance 5. Government transparency and accountability 5. International cooperation 6. National policies and laws 6. A state's legal action and structures put in place to respond to organized crime. Judicial system and detention 4. Law enforcement 5. Territorial integrity 5. Anti-money laundering 4. Economic regulatory capacity 3. Victim and witness support 4. Prevention 6. Non-state actors 6. Analysis Download full profile english. People Mongolian girls and young women, particularly from low-income households or those who are unemployed, are most vulnerable to sex trafficking, while boys are frequently victims of labour exploitation, often sent to countries such as South Korea, the Czech Republic, Turkey and Kazakhstan. Trade Although unlicensed firearms have been seized in Mongolia in recent years, mostly from hunters, at this point in time, arms trafficking is not considered a criminal market of concern in the country. Environment A strong local demand for wood conditions the existence of illegal logging in Mongolia. Drugs There is little documented evidence on a domestic heroin market. Criminal Actors Most criminal markets in Mongolia depend on foreign ties to function. Leadership and governance Political parties in Mongolia do not seem to campaign on organized crime. Criminal justice and security The judiciary in Mongolia is professionalized and members of the system make use of a number of ongoing training programmes. Civil society and social protection Victim support facilities in Mongolia are inadequate and availability of psychosocial care is limited. Read the analysis Listen the podcasts View all events. Next Skip. How to measure organized crime? Read more on globalinitiative. Give us feedback We're constantly working to improve the Index.

Buying Heroin Ulaanbaatar