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Historical content remains viewable. Copy link. Report message. Show original message. Either email addresses are anonymous for this group or you need the view member email addresses permission to view the original message. Dubai is a luxurious metropolis that appeals to a wide range of individuals. The city is noted for its shopping malls, modern architecture, vibrant nightlife, and a wide range of exciting activities. What better way to explore and experience Dubai than smoking marijuana there? We live in a world where we can get almost anything a heart desires by simply ordering it online and delivering it straight to our doors. Not so much for the legal cannabis industry, who - through no fault of their own - have had to engage in some workarounds to make purchasing a more straightforward and more convenient process for consumers. Buy weed,cbd oil, vape in dubai qatar For example, in legal states, many dispensaries will allow consumers to place orders online and then deliver them by a third-party service like Eaze or Nugg. How consumers order and pick up cannabis is evolving every day, especially given the new reality of Covid Buy weed,cbd oil, vape in dubai qatar At least dispensaries are being granted a little more latitude to keep consumers and workers safe by allowing people to order online or over the phone and pick up curbside. Illegal delivery options often with dangerous consequences have also expanded amid such expansion. How can you find legitimate delivery options? They offer their products at relatively affordable prices. They have a separate category where medical marijuana is sold; they solely protect the interest of their buyers. Well known in the Middle East for their top-notch weed products. They are focused on the vapes and marijuana sales. Marijuana seeds are also available for purchase, indica, and other weed products. You can reach out to the site via WhatsApp or Email. Delivery is swift, and you do not have to worry about delays. It will be delivered to your doorstep via their regular or third-party delivery services. The lowest age that can order from this site is 21; they also guide buyers on how to grow weeds on fertile land. Delivery is swift and safe. To place an order, your name, zip code, Email, and phone number will be required, and you will have to put down the service you need. Order Hash online in Dubai. How to find weed in Dubai. Marijuana delivery Dubai. Can I buy CBD oil from a reputable online retailer in my neighborhood? Where can I find a store that sells vape Cbd Oil Weed Cacain products besides the regular options Is there any weed store around my area How can I purchase CBD oil from a reliable source besides the common stores?

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Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Corresponding authors. Local production of pharmaceuticals plays a vital role in maintaining resilience of national healthcare systems, especially when it comes to facilitating access to needed medicines and decreasing exposure to imports and international supply chains. In this review, an overview of the current pharmaceutical production system in Saudi Arabia, its major challenges, and proposed remedies to address them will be highlighted. High levels of drug consumption and insufficient local pharmaceutical manufacturing remain a big challenge for the pharmaceutical supply chain and healthcare system Yu et al. The pharmaceutical industry is a significant pillar of any healthcare system, and its scope covers drug discovery, development, manufacturing, and marketing. However, identifying new drug targets and achieving regulatory approval are the current pharmaceutical industry's major challenges. Pharmaceutical companies typically operate in both national and international markets, through which they are subjected to specific regulations and healthcare policies that govern drug manufacturing, approval, marketing, and sales Kashyap et al. These legislations are different from one country to another, depending on the healthcare challenges they face, and could directly influence the discovery, development, manufacturing, and sales of new drugs Tait, The pharmaceutical industry entails a large sum of capital investment due to the high costs and lengthy process of introducing a new drug in the market Dickson and Gagnon, Furthermore, many governments have specific and strict regulations for manufacturing and licensing new drugs for commercial sale. These regulations are applied to ensure new drug products' integrity, quality, safety, and efficacy Leonard, , Tamimi and Ellis, Within pharmaceutical production, different commercial approval processes are unique for each new drug product. For instance, the approval process of drugs intended for human use is massively different from those for veterinary use. In addition, nutritional supplements, cosmetics, biologics, and conventional medicines all face different commercial approval regulations. Additionally, following the establishment of the Saudi national pharmacovigilance center, the Kingdom has become a member of the World Health Organization WHO pharmacovigilance program Aljadhey et al. The most common challenges of pharmacovigilance in Saudi Arabia include complicated adverse drug reactions ADRs reporting forms, lack of feedback to other healthcare authorities, lack of data on pharmacovigilance activities, and immature risk management plans. These stakeholders should work together to facilitate the production of new drugs under a favorable market voor het Regeringsbele, Having more regular and robust pharmacovigilance strategies are essential to meet the safety requirements of any healthcare product. These strategies can include system-based committees that should be consulted according to their specialties, establishing a department responsible for monitoring the safety of medications and medication errors in each hospital, and continuous education of the healthcare practitioners on medication safety periodically Aljadhey et al. This review focuses on the critical aspects of the current pharmaceutical manufacturing scheme in Saudi Arabia and provides an overview of its existing challenges and their impact on the healthcare system. It also provides suggestions and some recommendations that can be significant to overcome such challenges in order to boost the local drug manufacturing in the Kingdom. Having the largest economy in the Gulf Cooperation Council GCC , by population and gross domestic product GDP , Saudi Arabia has the region's largest pharmaceuticals market, despite having a low local production of branded drugs compared to generic products Oxford Business Group, , El-Chaarani, Several main factors govern the pharmaceutical industry in Saudi Arabia, which will be highlighted. The SFDA, established in , regulates the medicine supply chain, registration, sale, and pricing of any drug product, in addition to licensing, inspecting, and suspending of manufacturers that do not meet the country's licensing requirements Al-Jazairi et al. This mandate requires following tight regulations to enable accurate market analysis in order to balance the drug supply and demand Alrasheedy et al. Moreover, the SFDA has partnered with the MoH to establish a chain of custody from manufacturer to the point of sale, at a local pharmacy, and has improved its infrastructure to simplify pharmaceutical importation, manufacturing, and distribution Oxford Business Group, The pharmaceutical procurement process in Saudi Arabia is regulated by the SFDA; wherein the logistic departments in each hospital, which may or may not be associated with the MoH, are required to follow the same system Khan et al. This company was established in to control and meet the healthcare supply chain's demand and manage the procurement and logistics of the health sector in Saudi Arabia. These objectives were proposed to enhance the overall performance of the healthcare sector in the Kingdom and ensure a sustainable healthcare service for the whole community Nupco, n. This high growth in demand depends on several factors, for instance, the prevalence of chronic diseases and their associated risk factors, the increase in population and the high cost of manufacturing some medicines like vaccines, biosimilars and anticancer agents owing to their manufacturing requirements that could cost higher than other types of medications Alkhenizan, , European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations, Therefore, it is expected that the economics of pharmaceuticals will shift from traditional regions like the USA and Europe to emerging economies including Saudi Arabia, with a compound annual growth rate CAGR expected to rise by 6. This high cost could threaten the sustainability of the healthcare systems in those countries Alrasheedy, Additionally, these policies have been introduced to limit the extreme increase in expenditure, guarantee affordability and accessibility of medicines, provide price stability, and develop innovation of pharmaceutical production. Globally, there are several strategies of medicines pricing that include; external price referencing also known as international price benchmark determined by the price of a drug in other countries; internal price referencing deduced from the price of similar or an equivalent therapeutic drug in one country; and value-based pricing which is determined by the therapeutic value of a drug Alrasheedy, The SFDA has applied in the pharmaceutical pricing policy in Saudi Arabia, which was updated in and contain three main rules. The first rule is general considerations that depends on nine factors that include: i therapeutic class, ii price of the same medication that already registered in Saudi Arabia, iii pharmacoeconomic of the drug, iv ex-factory, v wholesale, vi and retail prices of the drug in the original country, vii cost, insurance and freight prices CIF for all countries, viii pricing references, ix suggested price by a drug company in Saudi Arabia. There are more than 40 licensed drugs manufacturers in Saudi Arabia, i. Most of these domestic pharmaceutical companies started by repackaging finished dosage forms, importing foreign-made drugs, and distributing them in Saudi Arabia Saleh Bawazir, Nevertheless, there has been a fast growth of generic drugs owing to the government efforts to promote the local production of drugs Oxford Business Group, In recent years, there have been some efforts to develop drugs, or drug regimens, which were translated to the clinics. Over trials with 22 different therapeutic areas, such as cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, nutritional, and metabolic diseases have been registered in Saudi Arabia. The international and domestic pharma companies, universities, and MoH-associated hospitals have sponsored these trials Ali et al. There are also several attempts to improve pharmaceutical production in recent years, for instance the MoH-supported production of generic drugs, development of clinical trials facilities by National Guard Health Affairs, and biopharmaceuticals cluster that is part of the National Industrial Clusters Development Program US-Saudi Business Council, These efforts highlighted the potential to create a pharmaceutical innovation system that could enable the production of new drugs through a collaborative work of different sectors including the government and private sectors. At this stage, universities and institutes conduct research to generate new and potentially practical knowledge. Research topics are typically selected with the objective of future-proofing the Kingdom's competitive edge in the industry. The availability and easy access to medication are critical to a successful healthcare system, especially in critical circumstances like the current COVID pandemic Hogerzeil, The overdependence on importing foreign-made medications rather than manufacturing them locally can put the drug supply chain into risk and by localizing the pharmaceutical manufacturing can provide medicines in the right quantity and with affordable costs Jaberidoost et al. However, these regions are also at risk of a drug shortage, as in the current COVID pandemic, in which medication shortage aggravated due to shut-down of several drug manufacturing units and the restriction of exporting drug ingredients Shuman et al. Pharmaceutical supply has always been one of the challenges in drug distribution worldwide Jaberidoost et al. Due to fragile pharmaceutical supply chains in some countries, designing and managing an efficient drug distribution can create opportunities for long-term strategic planning. Such distribution should not rely only on delivering drug products. The likes of drug expiration, drug handling, and drug market approval regulations are essential factors to be considered Jaberidoost et al. During the past decade, drug shortage in Saudi Arabia has occurred as a major challenge, with its significant negative impact on patient care. A recent exploratory qualitative analysis study has shortlisted the leading causes of drug shortages in Saudi Arabia Alruthia et al. The investigators interviewed the relevant stakeholders, from the academia to the pharmaceutical industry, purchasing and planning, and regulatory bodies. This is the core mandate of NUPCO that it should be considering in order to create a state-of-the-art supply chain management system in Saudi Arabia which lacks from uncoordinated tendering practices that might place the price of the healthcare product over its quality. Several factors govern the pharmaceutical market expansion for example, population growth can define the overall drug demand, as an increasing population rate would lead to an increased demand for healthcare services and medicines. Lack of awareness to control chronic diseases, such as sports activity and a healthy diet, has enhanced the prevalence of diseases such as diabetes and hypertension Alkhenizan, This has pushed up the demand for medications due to long-term management of these diseases \[17\]. In the pharmaceutical industry, a variety of new drug products have continuously developed to overcome drug dependency, resistance, and to achieve a medical benefit against hard-to-treat diseases. The cost of these new drugs varies from being affordable to expensive, owing to the rising costs of healthcare services and the enhanced prevalence of incurable diseases. This is because of the complexity of developing a new drug product, through which its market approval is considered costly and a lengthy process Alzahrani and Harris, Although there is a massive risk for pharmaceutical companies to discover or develop a new drug entity, the return on investment is promising. By taking the risk of manufacturing and successfully marketing a first Saudi-made branded medication can make manufacturing of local branded drugs more affordable in the future \[13\]. Local drug producers have good capabilities to produce conventional dosage forms within the generics market, i. These factors have caused the local pharmaceutical companies to depend on drug importing and repackaging. It might be due to the lack of cooperation between academia, research institutes and the pharma companies to develop new pharmaceutical products that can be registered as patents and produced locally. The free trade agreement between Saudi Arabia and the MENA countries, as well as, the Kingdom's stable domestic ecosystem and high regulatory standards can promote local drug manufacturing. Since the Saudi FDA has been established, significant steps have been applied to ensure the safety of pharmaceutical products and food in the Kingdom especially those imported from outside. For instance, all imported biological products such as vaccines and plasma-derived products subjected to be released to the Saudi market must have a National Regulatory Authority NRA certificate for imported products, summary lot protocol documents, finished product certificate of analysis, and non-insert diluent or solvent certificate of analysis. However, according to the interviewees who represented different healthcare institutions in the kingdom, all previous procedures took more than two months to be completed Alruthia et al. In fact, the long-term procedure is considered as a major issue especially when the country is mainly based on imported pharmaceutical products. For that reason, all different healthcare sectors and institutions in Saudi Arabia should work closely together with the Saudi FDA to facilitate releasing of biological medicinal products and other pharmaceutical products. The impact of COVID has led to the rise of other challenges, such as the high operating and production expenses, high labor rate, high import rate, funding and financial limitation, and global industrial plants shutdown National Industrial Development and Logistics Program NIDLP , These concerns have turned the government's attention toward enhancing the national investment in RDI as part of the National Transformation Program, which will improve the quality of the production and local competition between different industrial sectors. This sector needs to increase its innovation capabilities. However, national industries including pharmaceutical and bio-pharmaceutical still suffer from a lack of effective strategies to achieve the goals of a successful RDI system, lack the awareness of an RDI system's importance, and the absence of a long-term effective plan National Industrial Development and Logistics Program NIDLP , n. Consequently, the government in collaboration with the private sector should address all the challenges mentioned above, which are summarized in Fig. The lack of coordination among the drug production ecosystem is triggering some suboptimal outputs, for instance the struggle to achieve a market adoption for many successful pharmaceutical innovations, the difficulty of choosing the right project i. Therefore, the collaboration between the local pharmaceutical companies and drug industries with the partners in the academia and public sectors would guide the drug production to its proper path by achieving a successful pharmaceutical innovation system. Both countries focus on strengthening their market capabilities by turning the governmental research institutes and laboratories into contract research centers CROs that collaborate with the pharmaceutical industries and funding agencies. In turn, this has raised their pharmaceutical market value massively, allowing them to be examples of leading countries in drug manufacturing. India is considered one of the largest providers of generic drugs and vaccines worldwide. The Indian government has also encouraged this sector through many aspects, such as increasing the fund for local manufacturing of pharmaceuticals along with their APIs and excipients, decreasing the healthcare expenses, enhancing health insurance and population awareness of drug misuse, reducing the approval time of new manufacturing plants, and setting up three mega drug parks as initiatives to sustain a drug cost competitiveness. Despite these efforts, Indian pharmaceutical industries still focus on accelerating the market access of new generic drugs and increasing the local drug sales India Brand Equity Foundation, China is another leading country in the global pharmaceutical supply and is considered one of the fastest-growing markets worldwide. Among these challenges; the lack of effective collaboration between the universities and research institutions with the pharmaceutical industries; and the difficulty of patent licensing that has led to a rise in the number of scientific publications and patents with no actual commercial translation, which produced virtually no genuine innovative drugs in recent years Shi and Rao, , Rezaie et al. In addition, the lack of effective intellectual property protection and prolonged regulatory reviews for drug products in China have also prevented the discovery of new drugs and have weakened the Chinese pharmaceutical innovation system. As a result, China has become one of the successful pharmaceutical markets in the world. Any disturbances to pharmaceutical supply can cause financial damages and put many human lives at risk. To manage such risk, it is necessary to integrate the drug supply and demand across government institutions and pharmaceutical companies in an effective business model. The government and relevant stakeholders pharma companies, local drug importers, and distributors should improve the regulations of an early drug shortage notification and should properly manage the supply chain and the pharmaceutical market, in general Alruthia et al. This will provide an optimal drug manufacturing flow, starting from efficient use of the resources to the transfer of raw materials to high-quality drug products which will be delivered to the end-users i. In addition, the overdependence on drug importing can be considered as one of the main drivers for drug shortages in the Kingdom. Table 1 summarizes the main causes and possible interventions for tackling drug shortages in Saudi Arabia. Adopted from Alruthia et al. Localizing the manufacturing of drugs and their APIs will be vital for drug security and healthcare system, and it should be encouraged by the government, pharmaceutical companies, and other relevant stakeholders. Saudi Arabia is well-positioned as the leading country in the GCC region for pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical production. This could serve both the local and regional drug demands. The pharmaceutical market in Saudi Arabia is considered the largest in the region due to the massive funding on the healthcare sector in general. The Kingdom has successfully supported the growth of local drug manufacturing. Many domestic drug companies began as sole pharmaceutical importers and distributors, which expanded their capabilities through alliances and joint ventures with global and regional companies. Pharmaceutical products that are produced locally can only cover a small amount of the drug market demand. Most of the local drug companies remain focused on producing generic drugs, while few companies are involved in a contract with international pharmaceutical companies to manufacture branded drugs. The high risk of unsuccessful drug development and its high cost are the main barriers for local SMEs to develop new drug products Sullivan, The Kingdom has produced virtually no drug patents in the last few decades. Domestic companies should take more risk by spending more on new drug-development projects. These local companies hold superior knowledge from understanding the market dynamics and the legal authorities, which can enhance their mutual and beneficial partnerships with all relevant sectors. These can be achieved through enhancing the research funding system, utilizing the available infrastructure and resources, and improving the overall coordination and integration between all relevant stakeholders. This program aims to position Saudi Arabia as a leading industrial country National Industrial Development and Logistics Program, The program focuses on enhancing the Kingdom's competitiveness by establishing and developing selected promising industries, such as the pharmaceutical industry. The pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical sectors in Saudi Arabia are promising due to several reasons. The high and expanded local and regional drug demands, the well geographical location in the MENA region, and the well-established ecosystem could facilitate the local drug manufacturing. One of the established strategies is to increase the demand for local drug products and to increase their competitiveness. The local demand will then grow and will eventually contribute to the country's share of GDP and job market, which are two main industrial sector objectives National Industrial Development and Logistics Program, The lifecycle of an RDI system consists of three phases starting with basic research and ending by producing and manufacturing a valuable innovative product. Various entities can be involved in more than one RDI stage. Therefore, the funds prioritized by NIDLP are generally directed to the sectors that can directly impact the Kingdom's economy and contribute to enhancing the overall healthcare system in Saudi Arabia. It plays a significant role in forcing the industrial sector to realize the Kingdom's vision and contribute more to its overall economy. SIDF can support the pharmaceutical industries at different levels. SIDF has also supported the pharmaceutical industries and medical supplies producers to pay for the necessary raw materials for six months. However, the scrutiny time for loan applications, in general, should be accelerated in order to ensure faster delivery of such applications within the allocated time frame. The continuous financial support by the government should also encourage the pharmaceutical companies and research institutes to coordinate to initiate a successful pharmaceutical innovation scheme to enhance the localization of drug manufacturing in Saudi Arabia. Urban growth in the GCC region has resulted in a comfort-oriented lifestyle and unbalanced diets. These behaviors have led to a rise of health issues like cardiovascular disorders and diabetes that directly impact the healthcare system Alsaddique, The rising prevalence of chronic diseases, such as obesity, hypertension, and cancers, among Saudi nationals has also increased the demand for drugs in the country Alkhenizan, A descriptive study has identified the most used medications in Saudi Arabia from to The use of antibiotics and analgesics still accounted for the bulk, followed by proton pump inhibitors, anti-diabetics, anti-hyperlipidemic agents, and erectile dysfunction treatments. This overuse of drugs was suggested to be due to self-medication and over-prescription of such drugs AlKhamees et al. Therefore, pharmaceutical manufacturers should support the development of therapeutics that can manage such diseases. In addition, the government should educate the population to adopt a healthier lifestyle to reduce the prevalence of chronic illnesses and to limit the overuse of medications by tackling self-medication. These will reduce the overconsumption of drugs, which will reduce the expenses on pharmaceuticals and healthcare overall. Saudi Arabia has made considerable advances in its technology development. The conversion of new science and technology to a viable commercial entity is very challenging. Like many countries, Saudi Arabia has also struggled to convert research successes, through development, into commercial achievements. These companies have established many alliances and partnerships in the field of drug manufacturing to protect and enhance their competitive advantages. Despite these efforts, the nation still imports the bulk of its drug products i. As the healthcare industry peaked and the government began to focus on pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical productions, domestic drug companies were encouraged to localize some of the upstream components of the pharmaceutical supply chain. Moreover, under Vision , Saudi Arabia introduced a new strategy to fulfill public health needs through increasing private sector participation. Therefore, the Kingdom aims to support localizing the manufacture of new drugs along with their APIs and drug excipients, in addition to, vaccines and other medicinal products. The return would be to limit drug importing, which would massively reduce the healthcare expenditures in Saudi Arabia. Another approach that can boost the local drug manufacturing is the establishment of different contract development and manufacturing organizations CDMOs in different manufacturing areas, which can provide comprehensive facilities from drug development through drug manufacturing. This outsourcing of services would accelerate the scalability and localization of the pharmaceutical production in the Kingdom. Healthcare in Saudi Arabia is undergoing transformation to enable a shift towards a resource efficient and value-based care. The goal of Health Technology Assessment HTA is to inform the formulation of safe and effective health policies that prioritize the patient health through evaluating the properties and the impact of the health care technology. The Kingdom has just announced establishing an HTA center which hopefully will be able to support the above-mentioned goals. These initiatives were inspired by successful global examples in supporting the RDI sector. As aforementioned, on the local level, one of the challenges that pharmaceutical manufacturers face is the financial limitation, which can lead to weak RDI activities. This limitation could be overcome by a financial support initiative, by decreasing the taxes rate that covers the operating and capital expenses, such as the value-added tax VAT , which will also facilitate the technology transfer to Saudi Arabia from international drug companies. Equally important, financial support may also be provided by encouraging the private sector to invest in the RDI scheme through specific funding programs. This will attract external investors, such as multinational drug companies, and prioritize the research projects, which have market demands, allowing the transfer of technology to Saudi Arabia. Entrepreneurs and SMEs can increase the private sector innovations and research activities. Establishing a bio-park, such as the joint venture of KAUST and the Saudi Industrial Clusters, can provide the needed infrastructure that will help speeding up the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical RDI sectors. All mentioned initiatives, summarized in Fig. It is necessary to overcome the overdependence on drug imports by upgrading the pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals production system. Providing drugs at all times with affordable costs to the public is also vital to not cause any disturbance to the healthcare system. The risk of drug shortages will not only consume money but also can put many lives at risk. Additionally, the growth of population, high rate of chronic diseases incidences, and lack of healthy lifestyle are other factors that can define the overall drug demand. The Kingdom's pharmaceutical production system still suffers from structural and cultural impediments that hinder its performance despite the substantial resource allocations. In addition, due to the high cost, lengthy process, and strict laws and regulations of licensing a locally developed or manufactured drug, it is difficult to introduce new medicines in the market. Therefore, a novel approach to manage and support the pharmaceutical innovation system in Saudi Arabia is proposed to overcome the abovementioned challenges by bringing together a wide range of public and private players to interact in a more synergistically and complementary fashion. It is very noticeable that there is a need for further investments and support in the pharmaceutical production sector in Saudi Arabia. This support can be through providing a sufficient infrastructure, efficiently skillful and technically knowledgeable personnel. University research centers, for example, require restructuring in a way to enhance the outcomes of the research projects through increasing the number of research assistants, reducing the academic load of faculty members involved in research, encouraging the higher education programs, and increasing the research budget. More focus and coordination among the drug manufacturing key players are also necessary to enhance the technical abilities, which would improve the local production of conventional and non-conventional drug products, particularly gene and cell therapies that hold a great future in treating many difficult-to-treat disorders. Protecting the local drug manufacturing by preventing the importing, or even increasing the taxes rate, of similar therapeutics that are already being domestically produced would enforce the international licensing of such medicines in the Saudi market. Hence, it will encourage the local dug manufacturing by forming joint ventures i. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Saudi Pharm J. Find articles by Essam A Tawfik. Find articles by Abdulkader F Tawfik. Find articles by Areej M Alajmi. Find articles by Moutaz Y Badr. Find articles by Ahmed Al-jedai. Find articles by Nada H Almozain. Find articles by Haitham A Bukhary. Find articles by Abdulrahman A Halwani. Find articles by Saeed A Al Awadh. Find articles by Aws Alshamsan. Find articles by Salim Babhair. Find articles by Abdulaziz M Almalik. Open in a new tab. Potential causes of drug shortages in Saudi Arabia and possible interventions. Peer review under responsibility of King Saud University. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel. Incorporate supply chain management to notify SFDA of any potential disruption at least six months in advance. Lack of effective penalties against pharmaceutical companies and licensed pharmaceutical importers that do not comply with the government regulations. SFDA should be responsible for any penalties, in which the fines against any violation should be high enough to prevent the suppliers from any violation. Relatively long time in releasing some lots of biological products by the SFDA. Accelerate the process of releasing biological medicines without risking patient safety. SFDA should reconsider the pricing policy to increase the profit margins for some essential medications. The current government procurement policy should be altered to include innovative payment arrangements such as outcome-based contracts.

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