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Buying Heroin Rasht

Current military actions in the Rasht Valley are part of an annual anti-drug operation to stem the flow of opium and heroin smuggled out of Afghanistan, the world's largest producer, Tajikistan Drug Control Agency Director General Rustam Nazarov said. But locals say the government is being very secretive about this operation, and using more force than in the past. Residents at the foot of the Pamir Mountains reported clashes with armed groups. Tajikistan is the smallest and poorest former Soviet state in Central Asia. In the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union it went through a civil war as militant groups like the Islamist Movement of Uzbekistan IMU flourished. After the war ended with a peace deal in extremist groups were pushed into Afghanistan. The Tajik-Afghan border region is mountainous and scarcely inhabited, thus hard to control and easy to penetrate. It has always been a place of refuge for the leaders of armed Islamic rebel groups. Donate now. Support AsiaNews. Geographical areas. Central Asia Kazakhstan. North Asia Mongolia. East Asia China. North Korea. South Korea. Hong Kong. South West Asia Armenia. South East Asia Brunei. East Timor. South Asia Afghanistan. Sri Lanka. Middle East Saudi Arabia. United Arab Emirates. Freedom of religion. More and more reports are coming in that Taliban fighters are seeking sanctuary in Tajikistan fleeing offensives in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Official sources have denied such reports but gun battles are increasing along the border with Afghanistan. Analysts fear Islamist Taliban fighters fleeing Pakistan and Afghanistan may be slipping into Tajikistan, threatening a fragile peace in the former Soviet state. Printable version. Asia Today. National online registry for Indian students kicks off amid controversy. Scores of Afghan migrants killed while Tehran and Kabul negotiate repatriations. Israel bombs Beirut. What will Prabowo Subianto's Indonesia be like? Election polls put Japan's Liberal Democratic Party majority at risk.

Anti-Taliban fight could spill over into Tajikistan

Buying Heroin Rasht

Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The methodology used is Before-After testing and the sample population is incarcerated prisoners in 7 large prisons in 7 provinces with diverse geographical, criminal, and numerical factors and the population sample is estimated at 2, inmates. Heroin and opium were the two most prevalent drugs. Smoking, oral in-take, and sniffing were the three most popular methods. National surveys 1 , 2 , records and various research findings 3 — 6 , and the increase in drug offenses in Iran, have all indicated the persistence of a major social problem. Published data shows that The prison environment is conducive to high-risk behaviors and the spread of contagious diseases The lifestyle of drug addicts makes them especially vulnerable to diseases that are transmitted through blood like hepatitis or AIDS. Injection, unprotected sexual intercourse, repeated physical quarrels involving blood exchange, usually facilitate transmission of diseases 14 , importantly including the AIDS virus. Unprotected sex, sharing of syringes, sharing of needles for tattooing, body piercing, and blood bonding fraternal rituals in prison can cause the HIV virus to spread 15 , As such, governments and international organization employ different methods to control or reduce harms resulting from incarceration, addiction, and contagious diseases. Harms reduction includes all interventions programs, strategies and policies that attempt to reduce the health, social, and economic ills resulting from drug use among individuals, groups of people, or nations 17 ; and include education on the ills of consumption and the risks involved, introduction of less harmful substances as replacement, controlled programs of needle exchange, condom distribution, and hepatitis vaccination Several assessments of in-prison harm reduction program show a reduction in needle sharing and hepatitis C infection. Therapeutic programs for substance dependency include detoxification, medication-free psychotherapy, agonist treatments by the number of prisoners treated with methadone had reached 25, countrywide , and prevention and care programs for uncontrolled sexual behaviors by providing inmates with private rooms to meet their spouses , condom availability at triangular clinics, identification and treatment of sexually transmitted disease STD patients in triangular clinics, and counseling of spouses of prisoners by midwives or health workers The current study was undertaken to arrive at a scientific and comprehensive study of prison conditions in Iran and with the aim of evaluating harm reduction programs in 7 large prisons of Iran. Our approach in this research was quantitative and experimental based on hypothesis testing through statistical analysis in which phenomena were explained based on their affinity with other variables. Samples were drawn from prisoners incarcerated in 7 large prisons of 7 provinces of Karaj, Gorgan, Zahedan, Orumiyeh, Bandar Abbas, Yazd, and Kermanshah in Prison conditions differ in terms of geography, type of crime, and number of prisoners. The mean number of prisoners admitted into these 7 prisons during one week in was Considering that given the fallout of one-fifth of the prisoners after two months in the Rasht prison study , and the fact that in this study differing conditions in terms of the number of prisoners and fallout after two months were in effect, the number of samples collected were 2, Table 1. The main technique in this study was interview using questionnaires. Two questionnaires were designed. One focused on prison conditions and the other on the effectiveness of harm reduction programs. Participants were tested and interviewed upon admission and after two months of incarceration. A pilot study was carried out by asking research assistants in provinces to complete the two questionnaires for prison entrants newly admitted prisoners to the prison organization, after which the shortcomings of the question-nnaires were evaluated and discussed with the research team to amend ambiguities. In the next phase, the questionnaire was reevaluated and sent to provinces along with test kits. The study officially got under way in January In the first phase, trained, in-prison health officials interviewed newly admitted prisoners to the 7 prisons. Each prisoner and prison facility was given an identification number. In the 2nd phase, all prisoners who had remained in prisons two months after the initial phase were interviewed and drug tests were again conducted. Newly admitted subjects received preventative and care services for drug abuse and high-risk infections much like other prisoners. Two months later the second part of the questionnaire was completed for in-prison subjects and drug tests were administered using kits from the previous test. Subjects were reminded of the 2nd phase at least two months after completing the first questionnaire. To avoid discrepancies between kits manufactured by different companies, 3, ACON brand kits manufactured by Azma Kosar Company were obtained 2, for the first phase, estimated for the second phase, and extra. Completed data was entered in a software program followed by descriptive analysis and correlation of variables using SPSS 16 software. Consent forms were gathered from all participants after they had been informed about the goal of the study, the confidentiality of the information, and their rights to participate voluntary. The average age of newly admitted prisoners was 31 yr, the greater number of which belonged to the age group. Subjects were put into the two general categories of urban and rural. The Karaj Penitentiary held the larger number of urban residents and Golestan the smaller ones. Offenses such as addiction, selling and buying of drugs, embezzlement were equally distributed between urban and rural residents. Subjects with primary education or those capable of reading and writing comprised Those with secondary education had the largest share of prison admissions. Correlating between education and type of offense shows that theft was the main cause of arrest Among those with prior prison records, the number of unmarried and married subjects was equally distributed. A high percentage of those with prior prison records were employed Among subjects with prior prison records, there is a significant correlation between prison records and holding employment: Among those who had used drugs, there is also a significant correlation between drug use and employment. In other words, of those with prior record of drug use a high percentage was employed All of the prisoners were tested for addiction to Morphine, Hashish and Amphetamine. Results show that Percentage of addiction to three types of drugs in newly admitted prisoners in 7 prisons of Iran in The 4th kit test indicates that It is clear that the use of such drugs do not indicate addiction and they were not included in the study. After two months, subjects or The highest percentage of drug use in the study sample belonged to the prisons of P2 followed P1. According to testimonies, the location of consumption was in the wards and in the majority of cases during the morning. High-risk behaviors among prisoners included injection of substances, shared needled, group injections, unprotected sex, and unsanitary tattooing in prison. Of the prisoners who furnished information on IDUs in prison, only 4 0. Of subjects interviewed, 81 said that they had received treatment and harm reduction services. Golestan Prison with Services included detoxification, maintenance care, self-help group therapy, motivational interview, psychiatric treatment, needle exchange and injection equipment distribution programs, cognitive-behavioral treatment, HIV testing and counseling, disposable razor-blade distribution, and self-help services. Two months after the 1st phase, drug tests were conducted using the same kits as in the previous phase, this time on the remaining in-prison subjects. These findings deviated by a factor of 0. The highest use of drugs belonged to morphine with 8. Of the 53 subjects testing positive for morphine, 9 also used benzodiazepine and 2 used hashish. None of the subjects tested positive for 3 or all 4 tests Table 3. Frequency distribution and percentages of follow-up tests according to drug type in 7 prisons of Iran in Of those testing positive, there were subjects who did not receive harm reduction treatments, the highest being morphine and benzodiazepine users Table 4. Frequency distribution and percentages of follow-up tests for drug type and treatment programs in 7 prisons of Iran in Results of all 4 drug-types according to prison facilities show that subjects tested positive for morphine highest in West Azerbaijan To reject the null hypothesis by comparing data in the standard table, the resulting number Thus, the determining ratio 1. Going by this data, the null hypothesis is rejected in favor of H1. To put it more simply, the mean reduction in drug use in the 2nd sample compared to the 1st sample is not due to accident or sample error and is statistically significant. The current study was designed to statistically assess the effectiveness of harm reduction programs related to drug use and substance dependency in 7 large prisons of Iran. The findings showed that the intervention was effective. We can conclude that in-prison interventions lead to a reduction of drug use. Our findings are consistent with other studies of harm reduction programs 20 — Even though harm reduction programs face some challenges and criticisms 25 most Studies show that these programs are beneficial 20 , 21 , In Germany, for example, studies conducted in two prisons on counseling and distribution of sterile needle programs shows that the percentage of IDUs using shared needles decreased and reduced the transmission of diseases In this study, out of a sample of subjects who furnished information on injection in prison, only 4 subjects 0. These statistics show a partial correlation with in-prison surveys but less so than researches conducted in other countries. In a study conducted in Montreal, Canada, These programs have helped addicts to reintegrate into society and lead a more natural and creative life Questionnaires were filled to complete the data. The implementation of comprehensive harm reduction strategies in prisons has the potential to reduce harm associated with risky behaviors which is consistent with findings of this study in reducing the substance abuse and risky behaviors. But it is important that this program continued beyond the walls of the prison environment, because the majority of the prisoners will be released from prison and will reintegrate into the general population and potentially back to their high risk behaviors. Our research methodology encountered two main limitations; on one hand, since the interviewers were the staff of the prison, prisoners were not open to discuss some of the questions with them. We can assert that prisons are potentially dangerous environments for addicts. It is clear that with out further programming and appropriate measures to face this problem, there is a probability that dangers will increase. The current research was conducted in seven prisons in Iran and it shows that the programs have a significant effect on reducing the abuse of drugs among the prisoners studied. The aforementioned research findings affirm the necessity for the continuation of implementing effective intervention programs supported by strong theoretical and analytical research, leading to harm reduction and control of drug use in society. We would like to express our gratitude to the Prison Organization in Iran for funding the study. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Iran J Public Health. Iran Prisons Organization, Tehran, Iran. Received Aug 11; Accepted Oct Open in a new tab. Addiction Drug Type Morphine No. Follow-up drug test results Morphine No. Morphine Hashish Amphetamine Positive No. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel. Received in-prison treatment and harm reduction.

Buying Heroin Rasht