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By: Times News Service. Muscat: Criminals are trying to sell drugs on social media to teenagers, often relying on a lack of parental control to get through to them, the Royal Oman Police has said. To further ensnare them, narcotics are often marketed by these peddlers as performance enhancers that increase their memory and physical power. About Us. Contact Us. Copyright Muscat Media Group. Times of Oman is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

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Buying Heroin Muscat

Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Correspondence to Dr Lobna Gharaibeh; l. Online purchasing, including drugs, increased dramatically in the last decade especially through the COVID pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and attitudes of consumers concerning online drug purchasing and assess their perceptions regarding the benefits and disadvantages. Primary outcome measures were extent of trust of the public in online drug purchasing using Likert scale. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess predictors of the trust score. Inclusion criteria; residents of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 18 years or older. The questionnaire was distributed through snowball effect via different social media. A total of participants filled the questionnaire, their average age was Almost all participants, Fifty participants Participant who purchased drugs online had an increase in trust score of 0. In the multivariate model, participants with education level of high school or higher than high school, compared with those with education lower than high school had an increase in trust score of 1. The public recognises the risks in buying drugs online. Awareness campaigns and regulations that control and monitor online drug purchasing should be implemented. Degree of trust, perceived disadvantages and benefits of online drug purchasing were investigated. The internet has evolved over the past 20 years into a widely used method of making purchases of goods and services 1 and online drugstore purchases are no exception. These online portals build internet-based pharmacies that make it simple to buy a wide range of medications, such as generic over the counter medicines, complementary medicines and prescription-only medicines. An early definition by Fung et al stated that an online pharmacy is any supplier legal or illegal operating on the internet that sells medication. Online pharmacies are not the only source of purchasing drugs online, especially in countries such as Jordan, where online pharmacies are still in their humble beginnings and are not well established. Antibiotics sold online without a prescription were found to have substandard packaging and contained impurities and contaminants. The global phenomenon of buying prescription drugs online has substantial effects on the economy, society and health. Several studies, commenters and websites discussed the potential advantages, benefits and hazards of using internet pharmacies and different online sources. According to Fincham , 9 online illegal stores pose a hazard to global public health because they provide cheap, fake medications that have precarious effects on morbidity and mortality. In addition, consumers may obtain prescription-only medication without a prescription. Unrestricted online access to medications enables individuals to participate in illicit and irregular drug use, which might validate unhealthy lifestyle choices. Patients need to be informed about the medications they are taking and where to get them safely, legitimate online pharmacies can provide these services despite the prevalence of illicit ones. Currently, in Jordan, there are no online pharmacies due to prevailing restrictions. The only legal activity is for individuals to upload their prescription on the pharmacy website, facilitating the retrieval of medicines from conveniently located branches. So, any online drug purchase from an online pharmacy is not permitted. Multivitamins, supplements and dermocosmetics can be bought online from virtual shops and the public often mistakenly associates these platforms with online pharmacies. Efforts to establish legal framework in Jordan are necessary but should not be confined to the national level. Regulating the purchase of pharmaceuticals online requires cooperation between international, national and state entities, as well as between patients and medical professionals. This is the first study conducted in Jordan that explores issues related to online drug purchasing from the consumers point of view. This cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the frequency and attitudes of consumers who buy drugs online. The perceptions of consumers regarding advantages and disadvantages of purchasing medications online were also assessed. This was a web-based survey that was conducted in Jordan from November to February through the distribution of a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed after thorough and comprehensive literature review to capture most aspects of the subject. Participants were invited to take part in the survey voluntarily and anonymously. Inclusion criteria: residents of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 18 years or older. A cover letter before starting the questionnaire described the aims of the study, importance and insured the confidentiality and anonymity of the information and participants. Only participants who consented and agreed to fill in the survey were able to access the questionnaire. The questionnaire was established in English was reviewed by two external examiners for scientific relevance and clarity, translated to Arabic by a language expert, and then back translated to English to insure matched meaning. Participants completed the Arabic version. Data in the questionnaire included sociodemographic information seven questions , practices and attitudes towards purchasing medications online nine questions , potential benefits of online drug purchasing four questions , potential disadvantages of online drug purchasing four questions and one single question on the trust score of participants in purchasing drugs from online resources. A pilot study was conducted with 20 participants to check the appropriateness of the questions, easy flow and clarity. Feedback and comments were taken into consideration and modifications were made. Responses from the pilot study were not included in the analysis. The Google Form was accessible from October to March The participants involved in the pilot study were contacted to provide feedback on the questions and different aspects of the questionnaire. Modifications were made accordingly. Independent samples t-test was used to compare the means of continuous data between two groups. The scores from the Likert scale were summed into a total score trust score and possible predictors of trust score were assessed using the univariate and multivariate linear regression. Participants were generally young with an average age of However, only 79 General and sociodemographic characteristics of the participants are shown in table 1. Half of the participants, Of those who purchased drugs online, 22 Most of the participants who purchased drugs online were satisfied with the services 43 Only four participants 9. Drugs that were bought from the online source were either prescription or non-prescription, and the online sources were versatile figure 1A,B. Types of drugs purchased and online sources. Online sources used were mainly local within Jordan 24 Almost two-thirds of the participants believed that non-prescription drugs should be sold online. Additionally, a large percentage also believed that prescription drugs should be available for purchasing online table 2. Different aspects related to the benefits and disadvantages of online purchasing of drugs were assessed using the Likert scale. Most of the participants did not agree that benefits included purchasing better quality drugs. Furthermore, a large percentage of the participants agreed that purchasing fraud drugs is a major disadvantage of online drug acquisition table 3. Participants who purchased drugs online had higher benefits score of online purchasing compared with those who did not buy drugs online, Participants who purchased drugs online had an increase in trust score of 0. Possible predictors of the trust score were assessed using univariate and multivariate linear regression table 4. Most participants in the study used the internet regularly, but only a small percentage shopped online regularly and fewer purchased medication online This process must start by training pharmacists and preparing them to protect their customers and communities since many are unfamiliar with resources that aid consumers in identifying legal online pharmacies. Comparison of the total scores of benefits and disadvantages of online drug purchasing showed a higher score of the disadvantages. This might explain the low percentages of participants who were involved in online drug purchasing. Easy delivery to remote areas and quick delivery were the most agreed on benefits, this finding was similar to results of a study conducted in Hungary by Fittler et al where benefits also included getting the drug past the opening hours and low prices. The risk of purchasing damaged drugs was a concern for the participants. The effective interaction between the patient and the pharmacist leads to better healthcare outcomes in terms of compliance and appropriate medication use. An important concern was the quality of drugs that can be bought online, most participants did not agree that they can obtain dugs of good quality online. Counterfeit medications are a global public health issue that can be distributed illegally, mainly through online sources. According to Shakour et al , counterfeit drugs include wrong ingredients, fake packaging, active ingredients that are not similar to those stated on the package, expired drugs and high quantities of impurities. Additional concerns include receiving incorrect information about drugs 31 and numerous order rejections. Individuals who had a higher trust score in online drug purchasing were those with higher education and those who bought drugs online. A possible explanation is that educated individuals search more for health information 33 and consequently drugs. Another possible reason is the confidence of educated individuals in dealing with different products, websites and processes during online purchasing, in addition to their ability to investigate and evaluate risks and benefits. Contrary to results from a recent review on online pharmacies, 23 most of the purchased drugs in this study were non-prescription drugs. However, a large percentage of participants believed that prescription drugs should be available online. In Europe, many prescription drugs such as stimulants, opioids and sedatives are sold on online pharmacies without the physician supervision. As mentioned previously, officially, there are no online pharmacies in Jordan. Obtaining these prescription drugs from rogue pharmacies constitutes an illegal activity and predisposes the public to serious consequences. These prohibited activities are also common in developed countries, where despite the prevalence of online pharmacies and the installation of regulations that control their businesses, most of them are poorly regulated, vary in quality and lack sufficient monitoring. Additionally, the fact that half of the participants heard of online pharmacies in Jordan reflects the misconception that websites that sell multivitamins, supplements and dermocosmetics online are mistakenly associated with pharmacies by the public. This confusion necessitates the prompt establishment of regulations and legal regulatory framework that governs and supervises these activities. Different social media proved unreliable sources for online drug purchase. In this study drugs were bought mostly from Amazone, Instagram and Facebook. These venues provide illicit sale of drugs to consumers from high-income and middle-income countries around the world. The study has several limitations including the convenient sampling and the fact that electronic surveys need individuals that can fill in these forms on their phones which might generate bias that could increase the percentage of online drug purchasing. The generalisability may not be affected by this bias since online drug purchasers must possess minimum amount of skill in internet use and technology expertise. Moreover, the cross-sectional nature of the study does not allow follow-up and evaluation of the drug purchases performed online by the participants. Public trend supports the disadvantages of online drug purchasing, which explains the low percentage of this practice. Among the numerous advantages perceived by the public is easy delivery to remote areas and convenience. The public also recognises the risks that are involved, which include receiving damaged drugs, lack of patient—pharmacist relationship and consequent absence of important drug information that can jeopardise the safety of the patient. Individuals with higher education have high trust scores which might be due to their ability to manage and investigate online purchasing processes and sources. In conclusion, alertness to this public health threat should be increased through awareness campaigns that inform the public of the hazards of online purchasing from rogue vendors and guide them to safe and legal online pharmacies or websites. Contributors: LG: author acting as a guarantor. LG: acquisition, analysis, interpretation of data, original drafting, reviewing the submitted draft, responsible and accountable for all aspects of the work. MAM: acquisition, interpretation of data, original drafting, reviewing the submitted draft, responsible and accountable for all aspects of the work. AYA-K: acquisition, interpretation of data, original drafting, reviewing the submitted draft, responsible and accountable for all aspects of the work. AAA: acquisition, interpretation of data, original drafting, reviewing the submitted draft, responsible and accountable for all aspects of the work. AA: interpretation of data, original drafting, reviewing the submitted draft, responsible and accountable for all aspects of the work. NK: interpretation of data, original drafting, reviewing the submitted draft, responsible and accountable for all aspects of the work. IDA: interpretation of data, original drafting, reviewing the submitted draft, responsible and accountable for all aspects of the work. Funding: The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. Refer to the Methods section for further details. Supplemental material: This content has been supplied by the author s. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author s and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. A cover letter that explained the objectives of the study and guaranteed the anonymity of participants was placed at the beginning of the questionnaire. If the participant consents to participation, they will be able to fill the form. This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. BMJ Open. Find articles by Lobna Gharaibeh. Find articles by Mariam Ahmad Alameri. Find articles by Aya Y Al-Kabariti. Find articles by Alhareth A Alsa'd. Find articles by Anas Abed. Find articles by Nida Karameh. Find articles by Ibrahim D Aldeeb. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. Open in a new tab. Provenance and peer review: Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel. Prescription medicines drugs for asthma, diabetes and blood pressure. Non-prescription medication drugs for constipation, cough, diarrhoea, cold, vitamins and minerals. Lifestyle medicines such as Viagra and birth control pills. Easy delivery especially for those far from any community pharmacy. Purchasing drugs from online sources is easier and quicker. Online purchase is more susceptible to fraud and deceit such as damaged, counterfeit or drugs that were not ordered. Online purchase bypasses the health professional-patient relationship. Additional fees shipping fee, account set-up fee, delivery fees. Due to the delivery time, I'm getting the drug later compared with a pharmacy.

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