Buying Ecstasy Shymkent

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Buying Ecstasy Shymkent

There are several major trafficking routes through the region making use of the improved road and rail links. UNODC estimates indicate the scope of opiate trafficking in the region is both significantly higher than the volume seized total seizures amount to less than 4 percent of estimated opiate flows in heroin equivalence and increasing annually 12 percent increase in due to copious supply from Afghanistan. While high opiate use rates generally occur along drug trafficking routes, high rates of opiates use are not found uniformly along these routes. Rather, the locations with high rates of opiate use tend to be urban locations used as centralization points for storing, repackaging and redistributing of opiates. This may suggest that while drug use is still increasing annually, it is not increasing at as fast a rate as seen in the period Drug related crime volumes in Central Asia have followed an inverted-U pattern: increasing between and , then decreasing through It is difficult to explain this post trend given the increasing opiate production in Afghanistan since and the increasing volume of opiates thought to be trafficked through the region. Cannabis is produced primarily for local consumption, with a lesser portion trafficked to markets in Europe and the Russian Federation. Synthetic drug use has not been widespread in Central Asia primarily due to economic factors. In general, synthetic drugs are more expensive and are used by the affluent or middle class. It is not unlikely that synthetic drug use will become more common as economic conditions in the region improve. Central Asia has the capacity to produce methamphetamines from the copious amounts of wild growing Ephedra in the region. Likewise, the large licit chemical industry in nearby China could be tapped to produce synthetic drugs. Inhalant use is also a growing concern, particularly as inhalant use among young people is more prevalent than cannabis. Injecting drug use coupled with unsafe injecting practices in turn contributes to higher rates of HIV and has produced a concentrated HIV epidemic among the IDU community. As many of these IDU engage in other risk practices such as unprotected sex, the potential exists for a generalized HIV epidemic as seen in the Russian Federation and the Ukraine. Marijuana grows openly in many parts of Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan. The Lake Issyk-Kul area of Kyrgyzstan is particularly famous for hashish. It often contains spices, ash or or lime and is sometimes spiked with opium. In the Soviet era there were virtually no intravenous drug users in Central Asia. In , there was an estimated , addicts in Central Asia in , with 20, in Dushanbe alone. At that time the region was regarded as having a fast growing drug problem. Some addicts were children as young as Although quality statistics were hard to come by it was believed that the number of overdoses and HIV infections shot way up. In the early s, drugs were openly sold at markets in Dushanbe at one hundredth of their cost in the West. Some users are couriers who have been paid in drugs. The problem of teenage drug addiction is a serious problem in Kazakhstan. The government there has reported that the youngest registered drug addict taking drugs intravenously is only 5 years old. In the s, domestic use of narcotics was confined largely to areas of production, notably around Shymkent. Although only 10, addicts were registered in , experts believe the actual number to be much higher. The use of homemade opiates increased significantly in the early s. Many heavy drug users inject opium mixed with flour or heroin. Opium and heroin are relatively cheap. Drug users often gather in abandoned apartment to shoot up. There ia a lot of needle sharing. It was easy to buy drugs. Marijuana grows openly in many parts of Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan, particularly southern Kazakhstan. When produced for local consumption, short supply routes hamper interdiction efforts. On the whole, cannabis seizure volumes have varied significantly from year to year There is little data available on cannabis cultivation. In general, this disinterest is a reflection of the effort of Central Asian governments and the international community to prioritize the detection of opiates, a significantly more harmful category of drug. This is equal to an eradication rate of percent of the areas of wild growth and illicit cultivation reported in , although there is reason to doubt this level of success. There is no available data on eradication in Turkmenistan. When produced for local consumption, short supply routes hamper seizure efforts as most cannabis is produced and consumed locally. On the whole, cannabis seizure patterns have been increasing steadily since ; however, this underlying growth trend is primarily a reflection of increasing seizures in Kazakhstan. Cannabis Seizures in Central Asia kilograms , 49, Cannabis seizures in Central Asia kilograms, percent : A Kyrgyzstan: 2, However, government officials and representatives from international organizations in the region have acknowledged that cannabis is widely used, though not perceived to be a major problem. Cannabis users make up 19 percent of total registered drug users. There was a marked gender difference with more boys than girls reportedly using cannabis and, in all countries except Kazakhstan, cannabis use was more prevalent than opiate use but less prevalent than inhalant use. Cannabis use among registered drug users RDUs , A Kazakhstan: registered cannabis users: ; cumulative total percent of all RDUs: 20 percent; prevalence per , population: Estimated annual prevalence of cannabis use as a percentage of the adult population annual prevalence, year of estimate : Kazakhstan 4. Percentage of students age 16 who reported using cannabis by frequency A Kazakhstan: lifetime use: boys: B Kyrgyzstan: lifetime use: boys: 8. C Tajikistan: lifetime use: boys: 0. D Uzbekistan: lifetime use: boys: 0. The shipment was to travel further to Europe and North America and the group involved had reportedly already sent several shipments using the same route. Hashish seizures in Turkmenistan, in tons : A 0. Hashish seizures in Kyrgyzstan, in tons : A 0. Hashish seizures in Uzbekistan, in tons : A 0. Hashish seizures in Kazakhstan, in tons : A 0. Rather, the locations with high rates of opiate use tend to be urban and those that are used as centralization points for storage, repackaging and redistribution of opiates. Given that evidence suggests that heroin is bought and sold multiple times before it reaches its destination in the Russian Federation or Europe, the potential for a spill over effect of increased demand stemming from low prices and wide availability is likely. Of this figure, 70 percent 63, were opiate users comprised of 76 percent 47, heroin users and 24 percent 15, opium users. Worryingly, 70 percent of registered drug users1 and 91 percent of opiate users2 were reported as injecting drug users. In contrast, UNODC estimates that the full scope of opiate use in the region is likely much larger: , users of which , are injecting drug users. Heroin and opium user among registered drug users in absolute numbers and percentages, A Kazakhstan: Heroin: 25,, 47 percent; Opium: 9,, 18 percent; Injecting Drug Users: 38,, 71 percent; total registered drug users: 54,; B Kyrgyzstan: Heroin: 2,, 34 percent; Opium: 2,, 28 percent; Injecting Drug Users: 5,, 69 percent; total registered drug users: 7,; C Tajikistan: Heroin: 6,, 81 percent ; Opium: , 9 percent; Injecting Drug Users: 4,, 60 percent; total registered drug users: 7,; D Uzbekistan: Heroin: 13,, 67 percent; Opium: 2, 13 percent; Injecting Drug Users: 9, 46 percent; total registered drug users: 19, This may suggest that while drug use is increasing annually, it is not increasing at as fast a rate as seen in the period. Conversely, this pattern may also suggest that a larger portion of drug users were registered in the period, pointing to variations in registration efforts by governments in the region. This makes an assessment of the location, extent and evolution of the production of synthetic drugs extremely difficult. Central Asia has the potential to be a major source of synthetic drugs, given its copious supply of Ephedra. The latest available survey of Ephedra growth in Central Asia UNODC observed wild growth on , ha 88, ha in Kazakhstan, 46, ha in Kyrgyzstan, and 3, ha in Tajikistan although total growth figures was estimated to be significantly higher. Likewise, the large licit chemical industry in nearby China could be tapped into to produce synthetic drugs for the Central Asia market, as has happened for the American and South African markets. Indeed, as economic conditions have improved in the Russian Federation in recent years, the demand for synthetic drugs has increased exponentially. As other trends related to drug use and HIV in Central Asia have begun to parallel those of the Russia Federation, it is not unlikely that synthetic drug use will become more common as economic conditions in the region improve. Inhalant use is a growing regional concern among youth. For Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, inhalant use among young people was more prevalent than cannabis and inhalant use among youth is reported to be increasing in the region. Percentage of students age 16 who reported never using drugs in their lifetime: A: Kazakhstan: any drug use: B Kyrgyzstan: any drug use: D Uzbekistan: any drug use: Percentage of students who reported synthetic drug use within the past 12 months and 30 days A Kazakhstan: Used once or more in the past 12 months: inhalants: boys: 2. B Kyrgyzstan: Used once or more in the past 12 months: inhalants: boys: 2. D Uzbekistan: Used once or more in the past 12 months: inhalants: boys: 0. Accordingly, the scope of drug related crime as well as the level of prioritization assigned to interdicting drug related crime is reflected in these statistics. Drug related crime statistics indicate the number of crimes registered in a given time period, but crucially, they do not indicate with any precision the nature or scope of crimes committed, the investigative or judicial capacity of states, the integrity of law enforcement officers and the judiciary, or the perceived legitimacy of their actions. Drug Related Crime DRC in Central Asia: 31, in ; 35, in ; 38, in ; 31, in ; 22, in ; 21, in ; 22, in ; 24, in ; 26, in ; 26, in ; 29, in ; 26, in ; 24, in ; 19, in Drug related crime figures do not refer to crimes prosecuted successfully; they can still be registered but dismissed during the investigation or prosecution of a case. Most drug related crimes are registered following the arrest of a drug user for possession of a small quantity of an illicit substance, with very few arrests of major crime figures in the mix. Commencing criminal proceedings against an individual also opens avenues for the solicitation of bribes and is thus advantageous for corrupt law enforcement personnel. The lack of investigation and prosecution of high profile targets is a reflection of the difficulty and resources required to pursue extensive investigations and also the unwillingness on the part of Central Asian governments to concede that organized crime, including organized trafficking groups, are an increasing problem in the region. Fewer arrests of higher profile figures, which would be registered as a decline in interdictions, would nonetheless produce a more significant decline in crime in the region. It is difficult to explain this post trend given the rising opiate production in Afghanistan and the rising volume of opiates thought to be trafficked through the region. It is also interesting to note that most of the crimes recorded have been for distribution or storage of drugs and not for smuggling. Central Asia is a major player in the global illegal drug trade. Central Asian nations also produce their own drugs and are expected to take up the slack if drug production in Afghanistan is to to significantly drop. All this drug activity has resulted in a significant amount of local drug use and enriched local gangsters. Large quantities of opium, heroin and hashish are smuggled through Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan. Much of it originates in Afghanistan and makes its way to Russia, with some then moving on to Europe. In the s, routes through Central Asia replaced the traditional routes through Pakistan and Iran as authorities in those countries began cracking down more on drug smuggling. Most Central Asian law enforcement agencies have focused on catching low-level traffickers or individuals with quantities associated with personal use in their possession, rather than investigating and interdicting high-value targets. Small amounts of drugs are thought to be bought and sold multiple times, with trade usually controlled by the dominant ethnic group of the country being transited. Recent signs, however, indicate that this may be changing with organized criminal groups playing an increasing, albeit still marginal, role in trafficking. Opium, heroin and hashish are produced in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. Addicts regarded this heroin as far superior to the crude, brownish heroin that came from Turkey and the Balkans. Some raw materials are smuggled into Central Asia and drugs are manufactured there. This is known as precurso trafficking. Transforming raw opium into heroin requires the early addition of a significant amount of precursor chemicals. Crucially, Afghanistan does not produce these chemicals domestically. Thus large volumes of illicit precursor chemicals required for the conversion of opium must be smuggled in from other countries. A significant portion of border officials have no precursor training and lack sufficient knowledge for their detection. Threat perceptions among the border service are oriented toward incoming traffic exclusively, neglecting precursors which may be exiting the region. Most worryingly, intense inspections of both incoming and outgoing cargo are rare. Most of the heroin, opium and other drugs that move from Afghanistan through Central Asia begin their journey traversing the Afghanistan- Tajikistan border. The old routes from Afghanistan to Pakistan then to Europe by sea or from Afghanistan through Iran and Turkey to the Balkans are still used. Heroin and opium are moved across the Tajikistan-Afghanistan border by small time smugglers who carry the drugs on mules, horses or their backs on mountain trails through the Pamirs. From the border the drugs are carried by car to Dushanbe or along the highway between Khorog, near the Tajikistan-Afghanistan border, and Osh in Kyrgyzstan. From Dushanbe the drugs move by highway, train and plane. Much of the drug cargo is carried in trucks, cars or minibuses. Some makes its way westward in diplomatic pouches. Much of it moves through Kyrgyzstan to Kazakhstan and then to Russia where it makes its way to Europe along a number of routes. A lot of the drugs that pass through Tajikistan leave the country from Gorno-Badakhshan, a lawless region largely beyond the control of the government, and pass into Kyrgyzstan. From there they move by highway to Osh, a city in the Fergana Valley of Kyrgyzstan. From there most of the drugs move on the rugged roads to Bishkek and then to Kazakhstan. Bishkek in very near the Kazakhstan city of Almaty. There is a lot of traffic and a lot of routes between Bishkek and Almaty and it is easy for smugglers get drugs across the Kyrgyzstan-Kazakhstan border. It is even easier to move drugs across that border. Page Top. This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been authorized by the copyright owner. Such material is made available in an effort to advance understanding of country or topic discussed in the article. This constitutes 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U. Section , the material on this site is distributed without profit. If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. If you are the copyright owner and would like this content removed from factsanddetails. Cannabis in Central Asia Marijuana grows openly in many parts of Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan, particularly southern Kazakhstan. Last updated April

CANNABIS IN KAZAKHSTAN

Buying Ecstasy Shymkent

Marijuana grows openly in many parts of Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan. Crude heroin was being produced in Kazakhstan in the s. According to the CIA World Factbook: In Kazakhstan there is significant illicit cultivation of cannabis for CIS markets, as well as limited cultivation of opium poppy and ephedra for the drug ephedrine. Government eradication of illicit crops is limited. Kazakhstan is also transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of Europe. It is a significant consumer of opiates. Kazakhstan offers natural conditions favorable to accelerated narcotics use and trade. Many parts of the country offer excellent growing conditions for cannabis and opium poppies, and the country is located on the route to lucrative markets in the West. Until it ceased production in , Kazakhstan's Shymkent plant was the Soviet Union's only supplier of medicinal opiates. The Ministry of Internal Affairs estimated narcotics production and traffic to be 30 percent higher in than in the previous year. The focus of attention for that ministry, which coordinates the republic's antinarcotics program, is the Chu Valley in south central Kazakhstan, where an estimated , hectares of cannabis and an unknown area of opium poppy fields are under cultivation, providing exports for international smugglers. Because of low funding, efforts to eradicate cannabis and poppy cultivation virtually ceased in In , the Committee for National Security seized more than 36, ecstasy pills, all of which were produced outside the country. In , the reported seizure volume was very low at 3. Despite the suspected increase in non-opiate narcotics, heroin, because of significant supply and the addictive nature of the drug, still remains the drug of choice in Kazakhstan. For lifetime use, the most frequent drug used was inhalants 8. There was a gender disparity with boys accounting for more use in all categories. Within the last 12 months, 2. No other synthetic drugs reported use above 0. Percentage of students in Kazakhstan who reported synthetic drug use within the past 12 months and 30 days: Used once or more in the past 12 months: inhalants: boys: 2. Percentage of students age 16 who reported never using drugs in their lifetime: any drug use: The problem of teenage drug addiction is a serious problem in Kazakhstan. The government there has reported that the youngest registered drug addict taking drugs intravenously is only 5 years old. In the s, domestic use of narcotics was confined largely to areas of production, notably around Shymkent. Although only 10, addicts were registered in , experts believe the actual number to be much higher. The use of homemade opiates increased significantly in the early s. Many heavy drug users inject opium mixed with flour or heroin. Opium and heroin are relatively cheap. Drug users often gather in abandoned apartment to shoot up. There ia a lot of needle sharing. It was easy to buy drugs. At 68 drug related crimes per , people in , Kazakhstan witnesses substantially more crime 66 percent more than the regional average 41 per , Drug Related Crimes in Kazakhstan: 4, in ; 4, in ; 5, in ; 7, in ; 9, in ; 13, in ; 17, in ; 14, in ; 18, in ; 21, in ; 23, in ; 17, in ; 13, in ; 12, in ; 9, in ; 9, in ; 10, in Drug Related Crime Offenders in Kazakhstan: 2, in ; 3, in ; 3, in ; 4, in ; 5, in ; 8, in ; 9, in ; 10, in ; 10, in ; 17, in ; 19, in ; 13, in ; 10, in ; 10, in ; 7, in ; 7, in ; 7, in Most of these involved the intent to sell 4, rather than smuggling charges Sub-nationally, the highest number of drug related crimes in took place in Almaty city 1, , Karaganda 1, , and Eastern Kazakhstan These oblasts also have the first, second and fourth largest populations of registered drug users. Surprisingly, Zhambyl, which registers the highest volume of seizures, has a relatively low level of drug related crime. In , 4, drug related crimes were reported. This increased by an average of 20 percent per annum between and peaking at 23, incidences , followed by a period of decline, averaging 16 percent per annum until It is difficult to know if this trend is the result of fluctuations in the amount of drugs moving through the region or if it reflects the level of prioritization assigned to drug related crime by the Kazakh government. The prevalence of registered drug users in stands at per , people, more than percent higher than any other state in the region. The number of newly registered drug users increased 20 percent in , now standing at 70 per , people. In general, heroin is thought to be more harmful than opium given its link to injecting drug use. These areas with high drug abuse rates are located along popular and well-established opiate trafficking routes, consistent with the assumption that drug demand is created along the supply chain to the Russian Federation and Europe. This is equal to 91 percent of registered opiate users; however, this figure is somewhat inflated given that persons registered as ephedrine injectors or poly-drug injectors are counted in injecting drug users. It is peculiar that the number of registered drug abusers declined in Southern Kazakhstan, also on a major drug route. The majority of registered drug abusers were between 18 and 30 years of age 54 percent with a large secondary portion over 30 years of age 38 percent. The primary drug used is heroin 47 percent followed by opium 18 percent. In a survey of IDUs, over 15 percent of those surveyed reported not using a condom during their last sexual encounter with an irregular partner, 10 percent reported using common syringes during the last month and over 90 percent reported having practiced unsafe sex or injecting practices. Page Top. This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been authorized by the copyright owner. Such material is made available in an effort to advance understanding of country or topic discussed in the article. This constitutes 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U. Section , the material on this site is distributed without profit. If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. If you are the copyright owner and would like this content removed from factsanddetails. Drug Users in Kazakhstan The problem of teenage drug addiction is a serious problem in Kazakhstan. Last updated April

Buying Ecstasy Shymkent