Buying Ecstasy Kep

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Buying Ecstasy Kep

Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Address correspondence to Kevin E. O'Grady, Ph. This study examined ecstasy use in 30 college students who participated in one of four minute focus groups with other participants who also had a history of ecstasy use. Ten topics emerged in the sessions: 1 pill ingredients, 2 mechanism of MDMA effects, 3 reasons for initiating ecstasy use, 4 risky behaviors and ecstasy use, 5 sexual activity and ecstasy, 6 positive effects from ecstasy use, 7 negative effects related to ecstasy use, 8 ecstasy and polysubstance use, 9 perceived risks of ecstasy use, and 10 motivational factors related to quitting ecstasy use. Most participants had a basic understanding of the contents of ecstasy pills, and the effects that ecstasy has on the brain and bodily functions. Participants reported positive effects on mood, social pressure, curiosity, availability, boredom, desire for an altered state of mind, desire to escape, self-medication, desire to have fun, and the ease of use of ecstasy in comparison to other drugs as reasons for initiating ecstasy use. They were divided regarding whether ecstasy increased the likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors, including risky sexual behavior. Participants described their experiences of both the positive and negative effects physical and psychological that they attributed to their use of ecstasy. All participants were polysubstance users, consuming a number of other substances simultaneously and concurrently with ecstasy. The majority was unaware of specific types of problems ecstasy could potentially cause and discounted its potential harm. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed. Substance abuse a among young adults continues to be an area of concern for public health research, as well as among medical and mental health professionals. During the past 10 years, the use of club drugs—a class of synthetic compounds that have various stimulant and hallucinogenic properties—has become more prominent among the spectrum of drugs used by youth and young adults in the United States Rivas-Vazquez and Delgado, The aim of the present study was to conduct an in-depth examination of six important and inadequately understood topic areas relating to ecstasy use in college students, a group that appears to be at high risk for club drug use. In addition to providing useful information in regard to these six topic areas, it was anticipated that data gathered from the focus groups would provide guidance in generating specific hypotheses that could be tested in larger samples using quantitative methods. Beck and Rosenbaum interviewed ecstasy users and detailed the common stages of the ecstasy high. When an average dose of ecstasy — mg was ingested orally on an empty stomach, its effects were usually experienced after 20 to 60 minutes, and were often described as a sudden and intense high, a perfect euphoria. Following this initial period, users generally reported a relatively stable and enjoyable period that tended to last between 2 and 3 hours. Ecstasy users reported using other substances such as alcohol, tranquilizers, or marijuana to ease the comedown. The ecstasy experience is often associated with varying undesirable effects. Physical effects can include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, increased heart rate and blood pressure, muscle tension, faintness, chills, sweating, tremor, insomnia, convulsions, and a loss of control of voluntary body movements Beck and Rosenbaum, ; Kalant, Because ecstasy is typically produced in clandestine laboratories, pills can often contain various adulterants, such as methamphetamine, caffeine, cough suppressants with PCP-like effects, and cocaine Hansen, Riddle, and Sandoval, ; Drug Enforcement Administration, Research evidence indicates that ecstasy use frequently includes the use of other illicit substances. According to a report by the Drug Enforcement Administration , ecstasy is often used in combination with alcohol, other club drugs GHB and ketamine , marijuana, methamphetamine, psilocybin mushrooms, and LSD. Arria et al. Yacoubian et al. One factor that has been consistently cited in the literature as a predictor of future substance use among adolescents and young adults is prior substance use. Boys and Marsden examined the use of alcohol, cannabis, ecstasy, amphetamine, and cocaine hydrochloride in a nontreatment sample of 16—year-old polysubstance users. Initiating use at a younger age was significantly associated with more intensive use of ecstasy, cannabis, and cocaine. Dating back to , Kandel found that associating with drug-using peers was a significant risk factor for initiating illicit drug use. Consistent with this prior research, according to Hussong and supported by numerous studies e. Involvement in a substance-using group tends to be associated with various forms of licit and illicit substance use Chassin et al. Boys and Marsden found that participants' perception of substance use by their peers was a significant predictor of their own intensity of use for five substances alcohol, cannabis, ecstasy, amphetamine, and cocaine hydrochloride. The use of several different psychoactive substances has become very common among young adult drug users Boys, Lenton, and Norcross, ; Boys, Marsden, and Strang, Prior research has found that the concurrent use of drugs is commonplace among young adults, mainly to improve the effects of other drugs or to help manage negative effects Boys and Marsden, ; Boys, Marsden, and Strang, Furthermore, students who used ecstasy in the past year were more likely to use marijuana, engage in binge drinking, smoke cigarettes, have more sexual partners, rate parties as important, rate religion as less important, spend more time socializing with friends, and spend less time studying than nonusers. The variable with the strongest correlation with ecstasy use was marijuana use in the past year In trying to understand adolescents and young adults' motivations for using drugs, it is important to examine how motivations may differ depending on the type of substance Newcomb, Chou, and Bentler, For example, if the desired effect is increased nervous system arousal, stimulants such as amphetamines, ecstasy, or cocaine may be used. In a recent study of substance use by 16—year-old polydrug users in the United Kingdom, Boys, Marsden, and Strang found that the most popular functions for substance use among six substances cannabis, amphetamine, ecstasy, LSD, cocaine hydrochloride, and alcohol were: to relax Seven of the 17 reasons were endorsed by over half of those who had used ecstasy in the past year. The most common reasons for using ecstasy were: to keep going One of the significant trends in illicit club drug use in the United States has been the increased use of ecstasy among college students. A nationally representative survey of more than 14, college students from 4-year colleges in the United States found that the prevalence of past year ecstasy use had risen from 2. Results of a follow-up study of the same sample showed that the trend of increased ecstasy use continued through Strote, Lee, and Wechsler, The Monitoring the Future Study found that the lifetime and annual prevalence of ecstasy use among college students in was According to the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 represented the majority of the past year ecstasy users 2—3 million. The most recent results from the Monitoring the Future Study show a leveling off or slight decline in ecstasy use Johnston, O'Malley, and Bachman, The current study sought to provide a clearer understanding about several critical aspects of ecstasy use among young adults, particularly college students. Six main topic areas were introduced in the focus groups sessions: 1 history and course of all drug use, 2 general knowledge about ecstasy, 3 motivations for using ecstasy, 4 positive and negative effects—both psychological and physical—of using ecstasy, 5 the role of ecstasy in engaging in risky behaviors, and 6 reasons for quitting ecstasy. Results from this line of research have important implications both for understanding the antecedents and correlates of ecstasy use, as well as for designing universal and targeted prevention and intervention programs. We targeted college students with a history of ecstasy use as our population of interest, given that ecstasy has become increasingly popular on many college campuses. In , fliers were posted on a large 35,student campus, inviting individuals who had used ecstasy on at least one occasion to anonymously contact the researcher via telephone or e-mail using a fictitious first name if they were interested in participating in a focus group about ecstasy. All potential participants engaged in a brief telephone screening in which they were asked their age, gender, student status, and whether or not they had used ecstasy. Only individuals between the ages of 18 and 25 who had used ecstasy at least once in their life were accepted. This restriction was implemented because the goal of the study was to increase understanding of ecstasy use among college students by gathering data directly from users. A total of 43 callers responded to the fliers, 40 of whom met the study criteria, and 30 of whom participated in the study. Seven callers had a schedule conflict with the group meeting times and three callers failed to attend their scheduled groups. Four focus groups of six to 10 individuals were held in a private room on campus one male-only, one female-only, and two mixed-gender. Upon entering the room for the focus group, each participant was instructed to write the fictitious first name they had used during the telephone screening on a nametag. Participants were instructed to only use their fictitious first name during the session to protect their identity. Prior to beginning the study, the facilitator reviewed the informed consent form with the participants who then signed and returned this form to the facilitator. Participants were free to ask any questions and were provided a copy of the consent form for their records. Approval to conduct this study was obtained from the University Institutional Review Board. After completion of a brief survey, the guidelines for the hour-long group discussion were reviewed, including a reminder on confidentiality. Participants were told that they could speak about their personal experiences or what they knew about other substance users, without disclosing anyone's identity. Participants then engaged in a group discussion led by a facilitator. The facilitator, a graduate student in clinical psychology, moderated the discussion by asking specific questions and permitting group members to respond to the experimenter and to each other. The amount of time allotted to each topic varied based on group feedback and the judgment of the facilitator. The facilitator introduced each of the six main topic areas outlined in Objectives of the Current Study above , but discussion was not limited to these topics. Participants were instructed that they were free to either respond or not respond to each topic. Responses were written down by the facilitator and a trained research assistant. At the conclusion of the group discussion, the moderator provided participants with a list of mental health resources and an informational handout about ecstasy containing a list of websites pertaining to substance use. Although researchers often conduct private interviews or surveys when gathering data that are sensitive in nature i. Although there are trade-offs in the selection of any methodology, we felt that this approach, in the current circumstances, allowed the opportunity for participants to respond to others' contributions through either commentary or questions, and such benefit outweighed any potential problems with candor. We felt that having participants in the groups who had both similar and diverse experiences would create a dynamic environment in which the participants would develop both a level of interest and a degree of trust that would simply not occur in one-on-one sessions. Finally, we believed that feedback among participants within the groups would foster the sharing of information that they may not have recalled or felt comfortable sharing individually with a researcher. Based on the information gathered in the brief written survey, some basic background information about the participants is available. Table 1 presents the demographic characteristics of the 30 participants. Their average age was Although the original goal of the study was to examine the six main topic areas outlined in Objectives of the Current Study above , based on a review of the written record of the four focus group sessions, a more appropriate breakdown of the session topics emerged: 1 pill ingredients, 2 mechanism of MDMA effects, 3 reasons for initiating ecstasy use, 4 risky behaviors and ecstasy use, 5 sexual activity and ecstasy, 6 positive effects from ecstasy use, 7 negative effects related to ecstasy use, 8 ecstasy and polysubstance use, 9 perceived risks of ecstasy use, and 10 motivational factors related to quitting ecstasy use. The presentation below summarizes the discussions in each of these topic areas. When participants were asked about the composition of ecstasy pills, most knew that the pills were supposed to contain MDMA and that sometimes other substances some undesirable were also in the pills MDA, caffeine, speed, cocaine, heroin. For this reason, most stated that they only took pills from friends. Interestingly, many commented that the highs were not the same every time. The high depended on the type of pill they took and the environment in which they used it. Many participants stated that they read articles and searched the Internet for information regarding ecstasy. Most had heard of ways to test pills for specific substances but few actually tested their pills. Instead, they relied on their friends or others who had already taken pills from the same batch of pills. They reasoned that pills from a particular batch should be the same. They explained that the test only tells you if the drug you are specifically testing for is in the pills rather than all of the substances that are in the pill. A few individuals reported that they had researched ways to reduce the risk of brain damage and mentioned that they often take selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs for this purpose. Notably, they commented that it was easy to obtain antidepressant medication from friends. In general, most participants had a basic understanding of the effects of MDMA on the brain. They explained that MDMA results in a release of excess serotonin that causes feelings of euphoria. Some participants also mentioned dopamine and norepinephrine, but did not know how these neurotransmitters were affected or how they affected functioning. When questioned about the role of serotonin in bodily functions, some participants demonstrated an understanding of the link between taking ecstasy and effects on bodily functions such as sleep, appetite, sex drive, and mood. Nothing bothers you. Participants were asked if they thought people were more likely to engage in risky behaviors while using ecstasy. Responses indicated a lack of consensus. One participant who was a heavy user reported doing things he wouldn't normally do. Third, men expressed a fear of sexual dysfunction including difficulty or inability to obtain an erection or to orgasm. They gave the example that ecstasy makes people want to have a massage more than sex. Participants were asked about what positive effects they had experienced while using ecstasy and their responses were grouped into five main effects:. Enhances senses. Participants explained that ecstasy enhances every sense, particularly smell and touch. Perception of intimacy with others. Participants stated they felt connected with others and able to emotionally bond while using ecstasy. Reduced social inhibitions. Many participants stated that while using ecstasy they were better able to express themselves and felt more confident. Release of stress and energy. Participants mentioned the following negative psychological effects that they attributed to their use of ecstasy: depressed mood next day and mid-week , loss of appetite, difficulty concentrating, loss of interest in previously pleasurable activities, social withdrawal, insomnia, paranoia during use , anxiety during use , confusion, and memory loss. It makes you forget everything and lose your sense of time. All participants reported using other drugs in conjunction with ecstasy. All participants agreed that using ecstasy was harmful but many did not know exactly what kinds of problems it could cause. It's still first generation. Participants were asked to provide reasons of why people quit using ecstasy described from either their own personal experience or experiences of their friends. Their answers were grouped into seven main categories:. Negative personal experiences. These experiences included having a bad experience while using ecstasy, losing too much weight, and psychological effects emotionally unstable. The majority of participants stated that they felt that ecstasy was psychologically addictive but not chemically addictive. Yet many participants reported experiencing tolerance and that they took more ecstasy each time they used in an attempt to achieve their previous high. Some participants quit because they didn't have enough money to keep buying ecstasy. Others quit because they felt ecstasy wasn't worth the money. They felt they could have better drug experiences for a cheaper price. Loss of interest. Some participants didn't like ecstasy as much as other drugs. Others described quitting as a form of maturation. It's just a stage of my life where it's not me. I already knew how it felt, and the potential risks were too great for me to keep using. Observation of others using ecstasy. Others commented that it was scary to see the personality changes in their friends, which they attributed to taking ecstasy. The following sections highlight the interesting and potentially important findings of this study, and are organized according to topic areas in a manner similar to the Results. Most participants were knowledgeable about the contents of ecstasy pills and had a basic understanding of ecstasy's systemic effects. They reported reading articles and searching the Internet for information regarding ecstasy. They knew that the pills were supposed to contain MDMA and that sometimes they contained other substances, some of which were undesirable. However, this knowledge did not deter these individuals from using ecstasy. This finding is consistent with prior research, which suggests that providing only information about drugs is not necessarily an effective tool for fostering behavioral change in substance users Wish et al. Future research on the role of Internet-based information in both initiating and discontinuing illicit drug use is clearly needed. Participants reported a variety of motivations for experimenting with ecstasy, including the following motives: positive effects on mood, social pressure, curiosity, availability, boredom, desire for an altered state of mind, desire to escape, self-medication, desire to have fun, and the ease of use of ecstasy in comparison to other drugs. However, participants in the current study also emphasized the role of social pressure in their experimentation with and use of ecstasy. You can feel everything. It opens the serotonin gates. Participants were divided regarding whether ecstasy increased the likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors, including risky sexual behavior. Moreover, regarding sexual behavior, it is interesting to note that participants were divided in their views about whether ecstasy use increased the likelihood of promiscuity and risky sexual activities. Exploration of the role that ecstasy might play in increasing risky behavior, particularly in a college-age population that tends to discount the risks associated with many behaviors known to be risky e. Regarding participants' perceived risks of ecstasy use, all agreed that using ecstasy was harmful; however, many did not know the specific types of problems ecstasy could potentially cause and discounted the potential harm. The current study provided new information about why people quit using ecstasy described from either participants' own personal experience or the experiences of their friends. These results suggest that the reasons to quit using ecstasy are quite varied, and that perhaps one single factor is neither necessary nor sufficient to motivate quitting ecstasy use. Intervention programs that target ecstasy users should be diverse and contain multiple foci, if they are to be successful. Moreover, participants also provided information that might prove potentially valuable in the development and format of both prevention and intervention programs. Consistent with prior research in the area of social psychology McAlister et al. In this context, it would be helpful to further explore what type of educational materials would be most effective in preventing or intervening in the use of ecstasy among young adults. Results from this sample suggest that education about the risks associated with ecstasy use may be important, but certainly is not sufficient to deter its use. A potential limitation of this study is that the data are based on self-reports provided in a group discussion format, a potential threat to the validity of our findings. However, the methodology of the study attempted to address this potential concern in several ways. First, participants wore fictitious name tags during the focus groups, allowing for anonymity. Second, participants were not questioned individually and were free to either respond or not respond to any question. Third, participants were free to challenge statements made by others. Finally, behavior of the participants during the group sessions suggested they were uniformly forthright and forthcoming. Our study shows that it was feasible to recruit college student ecstasy users from campus advertisements. The resulting convenience sample appeared to contain a diverse group of persons with a range of drug use and behavior problems. However, we know little about how our results might vary by type of school, its size, or its rural or urban location. Replication of the methodology in a diverse sample of schools is clearly needed. The biggest limitations to this study were the small size of the sample and its self-selected nature. We know little of how representative the persons who respond to a public advertisement for ecstasy users are to the general population of college student users. Moreover, all participants came from a single large mid-Atlantic university. We also do not know to what extent our findings generalize beyond college students. College students are likely to have more academic achievement, financial resources, and an educated peer group that could greatly affect the consequences of their ecstasy use. A future study that compares young adult ecstasy users who attend college to a matched group of youths who do not attend a college might help us to better understand how the unique college environment affects ecstasy use and its associated consequences. Department of Justice. Points of view or opinions contained within this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of USDOJ. Slang term used by ecstasy users to describe other ecstasy users who have used ecstasy excessively, and have a limited range of affect and little social interest. Her research interests focus on recreational drug use in adolescents and young adults. Kevin E. His research interests have focused on: 1 the etiology of substance abuse, particularly those individual, familial, and social factors that place an individual at increased risk for the development of a drug-abusing lifestyle; 2 the development of intervention programs that seek to impact at-risk individuals, where these programs are guided by the risk-factor information available from participants; and, 3 the development of conceptual models that explain differential responsiveness to substance abuse treatment. Eric Wish , Ph. Wish has conducted research and published reports on a variety of topics related to substance abuse, including drug use in Vietnam veterans, assessment of treatment services for marijuana users, the relationship of drug use at arrest to subsequent criminal behavior, and methods for identifying users. Amelia M. Arria , Ph. She is the Principal Investigator of a NIDA-funded longitudinal study of substance use among college students and a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation study on predictors of treatment entry and recidivism among drunk drivers. She is an epidemiologist with special interests in the area of physical and mental health consequences of alcohol and drug use, effective methods of drug prevention, and the intersection between drug use and violence. Substances can be and are used or misused. Living organisms are and can be abused. Editor's note. The copyright in an individual article may be maintained by the author in certain cases. Content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Subst Use Misuse. Published in final edited form as: Subst Use Misuse. The publisher's version of this article is available at Subst Use Misuse. Open in a new tab. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel.

Ecstasy (MDMA)

Buying Ecstasy Kep

It can contain both amphetamines and some hallucinogens. Amphetamines are stimulant drugs which mean they speed up the brain and the central nervous system. Hallucinogens are drugs that can cause people to see, hear, feel or smell things that do not exist to have hallucinations. Download the ecstasy fact sheet and watch the Respect Your Brain videos for more information. People who make ecstasy often mix or cut the substance with other things to make the drug go further. Some substances in the tablet or powder can have unpleasant or harmful effects. It is difficult to tell what the drug actually contains. Some effects may continue for up to 32 hours. Ecstasy is made illegally and is sold as tablets or capsules in various sizes and colours. It can also come in powder or crystal form to be inhaled through the nose snorted. There is some evidence that you can have a come down or hangover effect after the effects of ecstasy have worn off. Symptoms of this include:. If ecstasy is used in higher doses, the user may experience a risk of developing a mental health disorder such as depression and psychological distress. If you use ecstasy often and for a long time you may also develop a tolerance to the drug. Tolerance means that you must take more of the drug to get the same effects you used to have with smaller amounts. It appears that you feel more unpleasant effects when you use more ecstasy. People who use ecstasy sometimes take other drugs at the same time. Sometimes they do this to increase the pleasurable effects. Sometimes they use other drugs at the same time to cope with some of the things ecstasy does to the body. Some people take drugs such as tranquillisers, alcohol or marijuana to help them sleep. Taking ecstasy with other drugs such as speed or LSD can cause a psychotic reaction psychosis — a serious psychological problem where you hear voices, imagine things, or fear that others want to hurt you. Taking ecstasy and alcohol raises blood pressure and body temperature and increases the chance of dehydration. Some people have died after having a very bad reaction to ecstasy. These deaths are often caused by the body overheating and dehydrating. People taking ecstacy are often in environments where they will be dancing, which can contribute to overheating. Dehydration can be prevented by drinking plenty of water. Doctors recommend that you drink ml per hour if you are moving around eg dancing , and ml per hour if you are not moving around. If the person has been mixing ecstasy with other drugs, tell the NSW Ambulance paramedic exactly what they have taken. Paramedics are there to help. Make sure it's a safe experience for you and your mates. Know the warning signs and what to do in an emergency. It is best not to use any drugs during pregnancy. Most drugs have some effect on the unborn baby if the mother uses them while pregnant. Inform antenatal staff of cannabis use and attend regular antenatal checkups. It is possible that using ecstasy when pregnant increases the risk of miscarriage. It is possible that if a mother uses ecstasy while breastfeeding the drug will be present in her milk, and may have adverse effects on the baby. It is generally risky to take any drug while breastfeeding without medical advice. Using ecstasy is illegal. If you use, sell or give ecstasy to someone else and get caught, you could face substantial fines and penalties including a prison sentence. Ecstasy can make you feel more confident when you drive. This can make you take dangerous risks and have accidents. It is illegal to drive under the influence of drugs, including ecstasy as you could lose your licence for a set time or be fined. Anyone under the influence of ecstasy who kills or injures another person while driving can be sentenced to a term in prison. Narcotics Anonymous Australia , a non profit organisation aiming to support people to abstain from drugs. For free and confidential advice about alcohol and other drugs 24 hours, 7 days a week, call the National Alcohol and Other Drugs Hotline It will automatically direct you to the Alcohol and Drug Service in the state or territory you are calling from. Nepean Youth Drug and Alcohol Service NYDAS works within a holistic model of care to address a range of issues for young people 12 years of age related to their alcohol and other drug use. Call 02 or 02 Call 13 11 Counselling is offered by web, email or call 55 Visit tafensw. Follow the links to student services, careers and counselling. Use the search option to access a directory of NSW youth services. You can also call 02 When someone uses or misuses substances, it can affect everyone around them. This site offers a variety of resources for friends and families concerned about their loved ones. Support services are available specifically to help people supporting others with substance use or misuse. There are also tips for talking with kids about alcohol and other drugs part 1 and part 2. Informational resources are available in 27 languages. This includes videos providing information about where and how to get help for yourself or someone you care about. General resources include: Information and support for family and carers. Managing aggression, alcohol and drug use in the home: A guide for those concerned about children years. Coping with aggression, alcohol and drug use in the home - A guide for teenagers. A parents' guide to drug slang. ADIS is staffed by professional counsellors who provide education, information, counselling, support and referrals to other appropriate services in NSW. Are you worried you could be drinking too much or consuming drugs in a way that has become a problem? Are you worried about your friends or family finding out and want to get help quickly and quietly? Are you worried about the drug use of someone close to you — maybe a family member or friend? Maybe you just want to know where someone can get help? ADIS clinicians understand the difficulties of speaking out, seeking help and finding appropriate drug and alcohol treatment, and use their knowledge and experience to assist you and answer questions, such as:. ADIS also has a range of telephone lines offering specialised drug and alcohol information and support to particular groups. The service is free, confidential and open to anyone affected by alcohol and other drugs, including people concerned about their own use, or about a family member or friend. Web chat is only available for people living in NSW. Monday to Friday 8. STL clinicians understand the difficulties of speaking out, seeking help and finding appropriate drug and alcohol treatment, and use their knowledge and experience to assist you. STL records some information about calls. Some things are kept for statistical purposes, such as type of drug being asked about, was the caller male or female, and the like as this will assist STL clinicians to provide the best tailored support to you. You do not have to provide any identifying information as it is not mandatory. Music festivals are the highlight of the calendar. You're psyched to be seeing your favourite artists, hanging out with mates, meeting new people and having an awesome experience. To make sure the fun doesn't stop for you and your mates, it's important to know how to party safe and stay OK. Naloxone is a life-saving medicine that can temporarily reverse an opioid overdose and comes in an easy to use nasal spray. You can bring the nasal spray naloxone to festivals. Check the latest public drug warnings. Preparation is paramount to the ultimate festival experience. Planning for what could happen in the event you or someone else needs help because of alcohol or drug use is just as key as your wardrobe, bum-bag game, road trip playlist, phone and other essentials. Scientists call the adolescent brain highly 'neuroplastic' because it is a time of organising, construction and strengthening of connections in the brain. The brain is highly neuroplastic changing in response to experiences or exposure to chemicals , so during brain development teens to 25 years there is the risk of damage. The way a drug affects a person depends on which part of the brain it targets. Some drugs have far reaching effects, for example alcohol can reach three areas of the brain where important functions occur, whilst other drugs may be more localised and specific, for example MDMA is attracted to the limbic system and binds strongly to areas such as the hypothalamus. Because we are all different, the effects can vary from person to person and be more harmful for some. Alcohol is a depressant which is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream. It can affect the brain within five minutes of consumption absorption may be slower if the person has recently eaten. Drinking, particularly heavy drinking, at any time before, during and after brain development, can have a negative effect on the way the brain works. Early alcohol use may interrupt cell growth in the frontal lobe of the brain, an area which does not reach full maturity until a person reaches their mid-twenties. The frontal lobe of the brain controls higher mental processes such as planning. Drinking alcohol interferes with brain development and harms can include poor attention, poor decision making and disrupts the ability to forward plan — impacting on mental health and educational performance and completion. Little is known about whether excessive alcohol consumption in teenage years leads to permanent changes to the brain. However, there is evidence that excessive drinking more than 4 standard drinks on a single occasion can lead to young people taking risks and putting themselves in dangerous situations, such as drink driving and having unsafe sex. Cannabis acts as a central nervous system depressant that also alters sensory perception. THC delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol is the active ingredient in cannabis which is responsible for the mood-altering effects which can make people feel high. Synthetic cannabis functions in a similar way to THC. Cannabis can affect memory and attention, which can interfere with your ability to take in and remember new information. This can affect everyday life, particularly when learning something new or doing something difficult. Using cannabis regularly when you are young and your body is still developing increases your body's exposure to the harms associated with cannabis use, such as a higher risk of respiratory illness. Cannabis use can affect mental processing and if cannabis is used heavily over many years, persistent problems with memory, attention and the ability to handle complex information may be experienced. Early and heavy cannabis use may affect your choices and options in life, leading to impact on social and physical wellbeing Cannabis Facts for Young People. Methylene DioxyMethAmphetamine MDMA — also called ecstasy — is a derivative of amphetamine and has both stimulant and hallucinogenic properties. Stimulants speed up the central nervous system and brain, and hallucinogens can cause people to see, hear, feel or smell things that do not exist. The effects of MDMA can start within an hour and typically last up to about six hours. MDMA affects your brain by increasing the activity of neurotransmitters the chemical messengers of brain cells : serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Serotonin regulates mood, sleep, pain, appetite, and other behaviours. MDMA causes mood-elevating effects by releasing large amounts of serotonin. This release depletes the brain's supply of serotonin and some people can feel down or anxious the day after taking MDMA. Known as the 'come down', this may include sleep problems, feeling depressed and finding it hard to concentrate and can last for several days. MDMA may cause an increase in body temperature hyperthermia and dehydration. A body temperature of 40 degrees Celsius or higher is life-threatening. Some symptoms of over-heating include confusion, nausea or vomiting and rapid breathing. MDMA can also cause fluid retention and water intoxication, which can also be life threatening. Mixing MDMA with alcohol or other drugs is also dangerous, mixing drugs can cause people to feel unwell and put their health and life in danger. Some drug interactions are of particular concern, they are:. Antidepressants are prescribed to help treat mental health problems, like depression and anxiety. These medicines target neurotransmitters chemical messengers in the brain linked to low mood, such as serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine. Common antidepressants are 'selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors' SSRIs , also known by brand names, like Lexapro, Cipramil and Prozac. SSRIs help increase the levels of serotonin in the brain by blocking the recycling of serotonin from the space between nerve cells see image below. Neurotransmitters such as serotonin in the synapse of a nerve cell. SSRIs block the re-uptake of serotonin, so it builds up in the synapse. This helps serotonin stay around for longer to help improve mood. Other antidepressants include 'serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors' and 'tricyclic antidepressants', which have a similar effect on neurotransmitters. It can take weeks for the medication to start having an effect, and regular and consistent use is very important. Some types of antidepressants can interact with alcohol in the body with side-effects such as drowsiness, reduced attention and insomnia. Antidepressants when combined with alcohol a depressant can cause enhanced sedation — slow down reaction-time, affect co-ordination, decision making, lead to greater levels of drowsiness than taking either drug alone. This increases the chance of injury and other negative experiences associated with drinking, such as vomiting, fights and unwanted sexual experiences. Alcohol slows down brain activity in the frontal lobe of the brain, making it harder to regulate stress and other emotions. Drinking alcohol can also intensify negative emotions and worsen underlying mood. There is also a strong link between frequent heavy drinking and symptoms of poor mental health where one disorder serves to maintain and worsen the other. The safest thing during brain development which continues until about age 25 , is not to use alcohol at all particularly if also prescribed antidepressant medication. For more information, refer to the fact sheet. Vapes also known as electronic cigarettes, e-cigarettes, vape pens, pods or stigs come in many different types. All have the same basic parts, as shown in the picture below: a battery, coil and cartridge. When the battery is switched on, the coil heats up the e-liquid, which is vapourised and inhaled. Many disposable vapes are one piece with no removable parts, and the e-liquid is stored inside a small pod. Other vapes may be refillable with parts that can be changed. Vapes can contain over chemicals. In the short-term, vaping can cause damage to the lungs and throat, and lead to nicotine overdose. Vapes haven't been around for very long, so the long-term effects aren't well known. Nicotine is incredibly addictive. Using nicotine-containing vapes means you may develop nicotine dependence. Needing nicotine all the time to feel normal, otherwise you experience withdrawal symptoms like irritability, low mood, and even tremors. Vapes can deliver nicotine at higher doses — some as much as 50 cigarettes often much more! Exposing young brains to nicotine early can wire your brain to be more addicted to substances into adulthood. Vaping can lead to worse mental health, both in the short and long term, causing symptoms of depression within 12 months of starting. In the long term, it can lead to developing depression, anxiety and substance use disorders because of the way nicotine changes the brain. It is illegal to sell vapes and all other tobacco products to anyone under 18 years old. It is illegal to sell nicotine vapes to anyone, unless they are prescribed by a doctor to someone over 18 years for smoking cessation purposes, and obtained with a prescription from a pharmacy. For more information, check 'Do you know what you're vaping? There are lots of services that young people can call or chat with online if they have concerns about themselves of others, including their family. All of the following services are free and confidential unless there is a risk of harm to them or someone else and can be accessed anonymously. Alcohol and Drug Information Service ADIS ADIS is 24 hours 7 days a week free, confidential and anonymous telephone service, providing counselling, support, referrals and information for those affected by alcohol or other drugs. ADIS also provides Web Chat which is free, anonymous and confidential for people with concerns about alcohol or other drug use. Web Chat is available Monday to Friday 8. T: Kids Helpline The Kids Helpline is a free, private, and confidential 24 hours, 7 days a week telephone and online counselling service for young people aged 5 to T: 55 ReachOut ReachOut is Australia's leading online mental health organisation for young people and their parents. They have a supportive, safe and anonymous forum space where people care about what's happening to you, because they've been there too. Lifeline Lifeline is a hours 7 days a week free crisis support and suicide prevention service. Check out the A-Z of Drugs for more information. NUAA works to improve the health, welfare and dignity of people who use drugs. PeerLine is a free, confidential peer supported telephone service for people who use drugs, who are on the Opioid Treatment Program or seeking treatment. Trained peers will help you with information, advice and advocacy. It acknowledges the wisdom of Elders past and present, and pays respect to all Aboriginal communities of today. We wish to advise that this website may contain names and images of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people now deceased. It may also contain links to sites that may use images of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Your Service Hub Exit site. You are here:. Listen to Content. Is ecstasy a problem for you? What is ecstasy MDMA? Body Content 1. Body Content 2. Physical effects can include grind your teeth or clench your jaw feel sick in the stomach nausea vomiting sweat more. Effects depend on Body Content 3. How ecstasy affects your body Tap a body part to learn more of the effects ecstasy places on your body. General information Effects of ecstasy. You are at increased risk of harm if you: take multiple tablets or capsules take a higher-dose MDMA tablet or capsule use other stimulant drugs e. Symptoms of this include: reduced appetite disturbed sleep feeling down muscle aches finding it hard to concentrate. Overdose of ecstasy can happen to anyone. Other support services nuaa. Call 13 11 26 ahmrc. General resources include: Information and support for family and carers Managing aggression, alcohol and drug use in the home: A guide for those concerned about children years Coping with aggression, alcohol and drug use in the home - A guide for teenagers A parents' guide to drug slang. Body Content 4. ADIS clinicians understand the difficulties of speaking out, seeking help and finding appropriate drug and alcohol treatment, and use their knowledge and experience to assist you and answer questions, such as: How can I cut-down or stop my alcohol or drug use? What help can I get? Do I have to wait long to get help? Can anyone ring ADIS? Will drug and alcohol treatments be difficult? What is this drug doing to me? What are the short and long term problems that could develop if I continue using? What can I expect when I ring? Does ADIS record calls? What to expect A counsellor will chat with you about your alcohol or other drug concerns A counsellor can provide a referral or contact information for relevant alcohol and drug services in NSW Our chat is confidential unless you disclose any intention to harm yourself or others. WebChat is provided in English however if you prefer to speak in a language other than English we would be happy to arrange a telephone call with you through the Translating and Interpreting Service TIS National. Please call the Alcohol and Drug Information Service on to arrange this. Emergency Assistance Call Emergency Services on if you: require urgent medical attention or are in immediate danger or are at risk of harming yourself or someone else. Pre-festival safety checklist Drug safety and overdose The law and long-term problems. Respect Your Brain animated series How do drugs affect the developing brain? Trained peers will help you with information, advice and advocacy PeerLine is available from 9. Call for free on or email peerline nuaa. Monday to Friday 9am — 5pm It's also the home of the hypothalamus, which enables us to maintain internal balance and physical wellbeing despite changes or outside factors.

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