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This study aims to examine the moderator effect of religiosity on the relationship between halal brand awareness and habit towards purchasing decisions of halal products. The quantitative method is used in this study. Descriptive and statistical multiple and moderated regression analyses are employed to test the hypothesis according to the research model. The data is collected using a cross-sectional design from respondents consisting of business owners in North Sumatera, Indonesia. It is found that both halal brand awareness and habit have a positive and significant effect on the purchasing decision of halal products. Meanwhile, religiosity significantly acts as a moderating variable in the relationship between awareness and purchasing decisions, as well as habit and purchasing decisions. This study revealed the important factor of religiosity as a moderating factor in purchase decisions of halal products. The government may need to collaborate with Islamic educational institutions to raise awareness of the halal concept and product awareness. It is assumed that individuals who know about the Islamic religion will have a higher degree of awareness of halal products compared to individuals with limited knowledge of Islam; thus, providers of Islamic education play a crucial role in raising the level of awareness of halal products. Schools may serve as catalysts for the dissemination of knowledge of halal products. Developing halal product markets can be done by enhancing the religiosity level of consumers, one of them through attending formal or informal religious classes. Rafiki, A. Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article for both commercial and non-commercial purposes , subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. Halal businesses open many opportunities and have a bright prospect in many countries as halal products have become a world phenomenon. Some countries undertake concrete actions toward creating a halal business hub or center. For example, the Malaysian government issued the Halal Master Plan and incentive public-private partnerships on halal food production. Similarly, the Emirates Authority for Standardization and Metrology ESMA in the UAE has initiated movements in the halal label and certification, to have entire processes that are Sharia compliant, from the process of agriculture until the products reach the dish. Such regulations aim to maintain and sustain the halal products to be distributed and have an integrated product supply chain Zulfakar et al. This consists of providing necessary materials, processes, packing and delivery of halal products to the consumer. As the most populous Muslim-majority country in the world, Indonesia has a strategic position to be a trendsetter in the halal industry. Unfortunately, the development of halal lifestyles in Indonesia has remained stagnant when compared to other countries. The report reveals that Indonesia is currently only the largest consumer of halal products, while the role to become the largest producer is still far from expectation. Referring to consumer consumption, the halal brand is one of the attractions of consumers in choosing products. Some businesses take advantage of halal certificates and labels to assist in distinguishing their products. The halal logo is irreplaceable because it indicates a crucial symbol of consumption, safe, clean and trusted products to be consumed and has been used as a strategy in sales Rafiki and Wahab, , thus there are many factors influencing the decision of purchasing halal products. However, due to some abuses of halal certification, this makes Muslim consumers have difficulties distinguishing between authentic halal logos from the ones that are not Shafiq et al. One of the solutions is by applying technologies in detecting such cases which also can monitor the processes of the products Tieman , van der Spiegel et al. Ali et al. In this study, halal brand awareness will be examined as a factor that influences purchasing decisions. Meanwhile, the habit will direct an individual to purchase the products regardless of misperceptions of halal certifications perceived among consumers. Both identified factors of awareness and habit of consumers may have a stronger relationship toward the purchase decision or otherwise due to the existence of the religiosity factor. Religiosity is among the popular factors and recent studies have been conducted on religiosity and halal awareness, e. Pratiwi et al. In Islam, it refers to someone who has a higher belief in religious teachings which then encourages an individual to act immediately or spontaneously. Sometimes it is unpredictable but has a direct effect on any intended actions. Thus, it is important to analyze the extent of the role of religiosity in purchase decisions. Numerous studies have recognized that religion is a substantial determinant of the decision to purchase halal products and used it as a moderating variable Abdullah and Abdul Razak, Does religiosity have a role in the relationship between halal brand awareness and habit on a purchase decision? This study aims to test the predictors halal brand awareness and habit on purchase decisions as well as to analyze the moderating factor of religiosity that is assumed to influence the relationship between halal brand awareness and habit on purchasing decisions. The results of this study will find out the important factors that influence the purchasing decision of consumers on halal products, which include the role of religiosity in both relationships of independent and dependent variables. With that, the government can push the promotion of religious education, to enhance the knowledge and awareness of consumers on halal products. Research on consumer behavior in making decisions about purchasing halal brands or products has become a very interesting topic. There are many factors influencing the purchase decision of the consumers. This includes religion, awareness, habit, attitude, surrounding or family influences and perceived behavioral control. Studies have been conducted in countries with a majority or minority Muslim population that have indicated increasing attention or concerns about halal products. It is predicted that the number of journals that publish on halal-related topics will continue to increase due to the increasing number of curiosities and queries. Halal is an Arabic word categorized as things or acts permitted by Islamic or Shariah law. It has a comprehensive meaning that philosophically comprises many aspects of life, not limited to just specific goods. When referring to the brand or product, halal relates to the ingredients or the content that complies with the standards that have been set by the Shariah. The concept of halal branding is used as a way to notify and convince consumers that products are Shariah-compliant Wilson and Liu, Halal brands are closely related to emotions, identity and symbols of Islam. The understanding of halal or Islamic brands is absolutely important, and if Muslim consumers are not incited and nourished, it may remain as a cultural identity or brand, thus the status of being halal is not permanent. There are empirical studies that have discussed and investigated halal branding Abdullah and Ahmad, ; Ahmed, ; Badruldin et al. Halal products and brands have international requirements and recognition to serve the demands of various industries Stephenson, specifically in countries like the UK and France. Meanwhile, there are many studies conducted on halal products all over the world such as by Alam and Sayuti , Lada et al. Halal brand awareness is obtained from consumers' understanding and knowledge about the halal products they want to buy Wilson and Liu, ; Ireland and Rajabzadeh, ; Ahmed et al. Thus, it may relate to the level of education of the consumers. The more educated the consumer, the more likely they will have halal brand awareness. This awareness can be derived from the influences of the surroundings such as families and relatives that always mention certain brands, thus making them to be more aware. Additionally, the past behavior of consumers may create awareness too. Wilson and Liu explained that the growing acceptance of halal brands is because of the captivating views given by the actual market size, increasing awareness of Muslim consumption and the substantial encouragement of Muslim consumers. Moreover, Muslim countries and corporations have acknowledged the potential of branding and recognized some of the conventional brands that have entered the Muslim markets. Islam is a religion with a strong reputation and image, thus it has been recognized as a special brand that has its criteria, principles, rights and identity to be considered as a global brand. Nonetheless, the reputation of Islamic or halal brands is perceived differently by various communities in diverse countries, even if it is viewed differently by Muslim consumers. The halal paradigm is crucial to increase awareness among Muslims. Awareness of the halal brand particularly for food products is based on consumers' primary concern for health. Ambali and Bakar argue that the greatest contributor to the level of awareness of halal food by society is the attributes of healthiness and safety. Awareness of the Muslim community on halal products is a massive movement that needs to be done in stemming and avoiding undesirable products in consumption Nasution and Rossanty, Halal concept and its certification are seen as something mandatory to adopt and not an option. When the public receives sufficient knowledge of halal products' ingredients, most probably they will be aware of consumer halal products. It is a necessity to know and learn about the halal concept. However, this percentage cannot be ascertained on the manufacturers' commitments that supposedly extend the validity of the halal product certificates. The lack of awareness of consumers on halal brands creates opportunities for the producers which are then able to push them in extending or promoting such certificates. Purchasing decision is one of the issues discussed in the consumer behavior subject. Karimi et al. Consumers decide to make a purchase based on their knowledge and experience of a product Racherla, The decision to buy a product begins with information. The most efficient way to convey information on halal brands or products is through the adoption of halal certifications or labels to the customers. The awareness of consumers on halal products will reflect their understanding of the content of halal labels or certification, thus individuals with a high level of awareness of halal products should be better informed which is expected to decide to purchase. This asserted by authors that halal brand awareness has a strong effect in predicting consumer decisions to purchase halal products Mukhtar and Butt, ; Aziz and Vui, ; Azam, ; Yunus et al. With these arguments, the proposed hypothesis is: H1. Halal brand awareness is positively related to purchasing decisions of halal products. Habits lead people to take steps that they are used to without taking into account the reasons behind their behavior. Limayem et al. This so-called past behavioral frequency or consecutive action relates to product purchase Jolley et al. The intention that presents the consciousness level in performing a behavior decreases as the habit level presenting unconsciousness increases Bamberg and Schmidt, ; Gardner, ; Amalia et al. The habit was the strongest predictor of purchase decision Venkatesh et al. With the above arguments, the proposed hypothesis is: H2. Habit is positively related to purchasing decisions of halal products. While Johnson et al. For a Muslim, religiosity can be known from the extent of knowledge, belief, implementation and appreciation of the religion of Islam. The discussion of religiosity in marketing and consumer research has become an interesting topic for publication. One of the points is how the consumers involve the religiosity aspect when buying products or consuming goods. Religiosity can be associated with the perceptions, attitudes and preferences of consumers Salam et al. This has been asserted by Muhamad and Mizerski , who mentioned that religion has several constructs and can influence other things through religious orientation, affiliation, knowledge, commitment and societal effects. This concludes that religiosity has a wide concept and various associations with other aspects including consumer research. This understanding is not only perceived by Muslims living in Muslim-majority countries but also by those living in non-Muslim-majority countries like the United Kingdom. Mukhtar and Butt argue that the living of Muslims in multi-religious communities is more mindful related to the permissible products of halal. It shows the significance of religiosity in shaping consumption preferences. Abdul et al. This has been confirmed by authors such as Ambali and Bakar , Khan et al. Nonetheless, the study by Salman and Siddiqui in Pakistan revealed that highly religious individuals may not have a high level of awareness of halal products. Ahmad et al. Religiosity is justified as a moderating variable in this study due to its motivational and behavioral commitment which affects the decisions Worthington et al. It is also been adopted as a moderating variable in several studies by Vanany et al. Hence religiosity is considered a crucial factor in any relationship of factors. Abdullah and Abdul Razak stated that consumers with a high level of religiosity vary from those with a low level of religiosity in their buying behavior. A person with a high level of religiosity will do more investigation on halal and haram prohibited products. Thus, this study assumed that customers' purchasing decision is affected by awareness and then moderated by religiosity. Moreover, faith is bound in the decision to purchase halal products. However, it does not make them feel more compliant compared to relying on the religiosity factor, thus influencing the consumption or purchase decision. The measurement of religiosity is contained in devotion or obedience, which is then able to increase the awareness of consumers in their purchase decisions. This suggests that only an individual who has an awareness of halal products and has a higher level of religiosity would be expected to make the purchase. With these arguments, the proposed hypothesis is: H3. The higher the level of religiosity, the stronger the influence of awareness on purchasing decisions. Habit as one of the predictors of purchase decisions can be influenced by religiosity. The variable of habit is moderated by other factors such as attitude Saba and di Natale, and education Limayem et al. Verplanken et al. Religiosity proved to be the factor influencing Muslim consumer behavior Shah Alam et al. In this study, religiosity is employed to moderate or make a strong effect on purchase decisions or otherwise. With these arguments, the proposed hypothesis is: H4. The higher the level of religiosity, the stronger the influence of habit on purchasing decisions. Table 1 shows the number of articles based on the keywords used as the variables of the study. This indicates the width and depth of the literature review of the subject which is related to halal awareness, habit, religiosity and purchasing decisions. With the arguments and elaborations in the literature review, the authors decided to draw the conceptual framework for this study as presented in Figure 1 :. A quantitative methodology with a cross-sectional method is used in this study. The questionnaires with Likert scale type of questions are distributed to the respondents to collect the primary data. The Likert scale is widely used in past research and has been extensively examined in both marketing and consumer behavior subjects. The sample of respondents was selected using the convenience sampling technique of consumers that visited the four big supermarkets such as Carrefour, Hypermart, LotteMart and SmarCo located in Medan City, North Sumatera province, Indonesia. Using convenience sampling is meant to explore more on the interests of the consumers which has been used by previous studies in the same field by Casidy et al. Each of the mentioned supermarkets has its uniqueness and characteristics, hence this study may have responses from various types of respondents. There are respondents from distributed questionnaires 3 questionnaires were considered to not fulfill the criteria set. Kline stated that a sample over is considered large and potentially has reliable data. Guilford earlier mentioned that an absolute minimum of samples is required for validity test of Pearson Correlation analysis. Thus this justifies the samples in this study. Moreover, 50 respondents which are chosen from each supermarket coincidentally aligned with the capacity of each supermarket at a time, especially during the COVID pandemic. Each respondent was approached directly face to face with a standard of health protocol due to the COVID pandemic. Table 2 shows the measurement justification of the items in questionnaires that were adapted from previous studies. This study employs regression analysis to test all hypotheses as well as the moderated regression analysis MRA that is used to identify the moderator variable Russell and Bobko, A moderator variable which is religiosity will affect a relationship make it stronger or weaker of the three variables of awareness, habit and purchase decision. Thus, this moderating variable is significantly crucial in the process of purchase decision. It is presented that a majority of the respondents are male with individuals Regarding the educational level, 72 individuals Lastly, 72 individuals This means that a substantial number of respondents are sufficiently exposed to Islamic religious education. As depicted in Table 5 , the validity test is performed using the Pearson Correlation method. The test results indicate that the significance level for all variables is smaller than 0. Cohen suggested that a strong correlation between the two variables would be indicated by a score of above 0. It is shown that the moderator variable strongly affects awareness, which is seen from the correlation value of 0. It is concluded that both variables are strongly influenced by the moderator variable. Moreover, it is also shown that awareness has an average value of 4. As depicted in Table 6 above, the 10 indicators of awareness measurement must have more than 0. For the 3 indicators of habit measurement, all have more than 0. For the 9 indicators of religiosity measurement, all have more than 0. Finally, for the 5 indicators of purchasing decision measurement, similarly, all have cut-off values more than 0. As depicted in Table 7 , below is the elaboration: Halal brand awareness has a significant effect on purchase decisions with a t- value of Meanwhile, the regression coefficient is 0. Moreover, an R Square value of 0. Habit has a significant effect on customer purchase decisions with a t-value of Meanwhile, the regression coefficient is 1. The R Square value after the interaction of the moderating variable religiosity is 0. This proves that religiosity can moderate strengthen the correlation of halal brand awareness to purchasing decisions. The interaction of M1 Moderating 1 religiosity has a significant influence on the correlation between halal brand awareness and purchase decisions with a t-value of 4. Thus hypothesis 3 H3 is accepted. This proves that religiosity can moderate strengthen the relationship of habit to purchase decision. The interaction of M2 Moderating 2 religiosity has a significant influence on the correlation between habit and purchase decision with a t -value of 5. Thus, hypothesis 4 H4 is accepted. Moreover, Figures 2 and 3 concluded that for both high and low halal brand awareness and habit levels, there is a religiosity role in increasing the positive influence between halal brand awareness and habit on purchase decisions. The findings of this study align with a large number of empirical studies that suggest a positive correlation between brand awareness and purchase decisions Aziz and Chok, ; Yukichika et al. For example, Mohamed revealed that halal brand quality produces a superior reputation and provides absolute brand awareness to consumers. Halal brand awareness is one of the stronger variables affecting purchasing decisions. The higher the level of halal brand awareness, the higher the purchase decision by consumers. As has been mentioned, the know-how or possession of knowledge on the products may contribute to the level of awareness reflected in the Meanwhile, habit which is regarded as an automatic behavior has a positive and significant relationship with purchasing decisions. This result is supported by the findings of past research that stated habit was the strongest predictor of purchase decisions Venkatesh et al. Habits may change when a person reaches the age of above 50 years. Thus it is assumed, that if the majority of respondents are above 50 years old, the habit factor couldn't be the predictor of purchasing decisions because the habits of those ages would be different. The present research found the influence of religiosity as a moderating variable on the association of awareness with halal product purchasing decisions as well as a habit on halal product purchasing decisions. The chosen variable of religiosity as a moderating variable will be the primary endowment of this study, which found that both relationships have positive moderates. Religiosity has a significant role in individual cognition and behavior. In other words, religion influences the beliefs and behaviors of an individual through or depends on the degree of individual religiosity. Thus, it is likely that religiosity will influence the behavior of an individual that assumedly encompasses a decision to purchase halal products. The results in this study conclude that the higher the level of religiosity, the stronger the effect of awareness on purchasing decision of halal products, and the higher the level of religiosity, the stronger the effect of habit on purchasing decision of halal products, despite the existence of prior researches by Ahmad et al. This shows that religiosity has a crucial role in influencing both relationships in this study. As it is shown in Table 7 , that religiosity can moderate strengthen the correlation of halal brand awareness to purchasing decisions. It might be that religious values and teachings are embedded in the minds of any individuals, which makes it easy to make a decision. Moreover, religiosity is moderating strengthening the relationship of habit to purchase decision. Religiosity can be shaped by the education process and application of Islamic values, thus making consumers have the intention to purchase halal products. Moreover, Muslim community organizations could play a significant role in enhancing the activities that are related to the consumption of halal-branded products. Awareness programs need to be held by the municipals among the consumers in villages or rural areas that emphasize the instructions of Islamic religious teachings related to halal product consumption. Religiosity has been adopted as the variable in purchasing decisions but mostly as an independent variable, which strongly gives an impact and has a significant relationship Bonne et al. Islamic teaching has a direct influence on the personal and social lives of its followers Bakar et al. By exploring the role of religiosity as a moderating factor in halal product purchasing decisions, the results of this research have supported past literature on halal product research. This would be the first study in Indonesia as the most populous Muslim-majority country that analyzes the halal purchasing decision towards halal products among consumers, taking into consideration the factor of religiosity. For the Indonesian community, the issue of halal products is critical. So far, the government has made initiatives through rules, regulations and strategic actions related to halal products. It is assumed that individuals who know about the Islamic religion will have a higher degree of awareness of halal products compared to individuals with limited knowledge of Islam, thus Islamic education plays a crucial role in raising the level of awareness of halal products. Schools may catalyze the dissemination of halal product information. Business practitioners and managers in the respective supermarkets should take part to enhance the awareness of all their employees and customers by offering attractive programs or packages related to halal products, for instance, door prizes or discounts for halal products. Some would conduct talk shows to encourage younger Gen Z customers to know better about halal products as it is crucial to create awareness among them. This could generate individual habits to purchase halal products. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors halal brand awareness and habit influencing the purchasing decision of halal products as well as the moderating variable of religiosity on the purchase decision. The finding has proven that religiosity affects business development. All hypotheses H1 , H2 , H3 and H4 are supported. Specifically, the variable of religiosity can moderate both relationships or in other words strengthen the relationships. Some stakeholders need to be involved in supporting the halal products and market, including the halal products' producers that can take advantage of opportunities and industrial movements to increase public awareness of halal products. Creating a halal value chain, i. The Halal brand is a sign of health, safety, cleanliness and quality for Muslim consumers; hence, there is no reason that Muslims would deny the clear messages of the importance of consuming halal products. Nonetheless, the authors acknowledge some limitations of this study. First, the sample size was limited and needed to be added. It also needs to consist of more variety of places or communities, i. Muslim minority countries. To enrich the sources of data and information, the stratified or purposive sampling technique is to be considered for future studies. Hence, the validity and robustness of data can be attained. Secondly, there could have been overlooked factors that also influenced the purchasing decision for halal products. Finally, although the literature recognizes awareness, habit and purchase decision-making, the research instruments and conceptualization of religiosity need to be examined to get further robustness in the findings. Future studies may explore the broader relevance or scope of outcomes in various contexts related to halal products. Interactions of halal brand awareness and religiosity and purchase decision. Interactions among habit and religiosity and purchase decision. Religion is especially important to me because it answers many questions about the meaning of life. Aarts , H. Abdul , M. Abdullah , R. Abdullah , K. Abror , A. Agustina , K. Ahmad , N. Ahmed , A. Ahmed , Z. Ahmed , W. Akhtar , N. Alam , S. Ali , R. Ali , A. Alserhan , B. Amalia , F. Ambali , A. Ariffin , S. Armitage , C. Aslan , H. Awan , M. Azam , A. Azeema , N. Aziz , Y. Aziz , M. Babatunde , J. Badruldin , B. Bakar , A. Bamberg , S. Bang , H. Bargh , J. Bashir , A. Bauer , D. Bin Nooh , M. Bonne , K. Casidy , R. Che Man , Y. Cohen , J. Dahlstrand , U. De Run , E. DeVellis , R. Diallo , M. Dunn , W. El-Bassiouny , N. Fam , K. Gardner , B. Garg , P. Guariglia , A. Guilford , J. Hartmann , P. Honkanen , P. Ireland , J. Islam , M. Johnson , B. Jolley , B. Junaidi , J. Jusmaliani , J. Karimi , S. Khan , M. Khan , W. Kline , R. Kurniawati , D. Lada , S. Ladhari , R. Lawrence , B. Limayem , M. Massey, S. March, and J. DeGross eds. Lindbladh , E. Loiacono , E. Marzuki , S. Michell , P. Mittal , B. Mohamed , B. Mokhlis , S. Muhamad , N. Mukhtar , A. Nasution , M. Nurhayati , T. Orbell , S. Ouellette , J. Pratiwi , A. Quine , L. Racherla , P. Rachmawati , E. Rafiki , A. Rehman , A. Russell , C. Saba , A. Salam , M. Salman , F. Seetharaman , P. Shafiq , A. Shah Alam , S. Sitasari , I. Soesilowati , E. Stephenson , M. Sulaiman , Z. Syed , S. Tieman , M. Trafimow , D. Triandis , H. Turner , R. Umar , U. Usman , H. Van der Spiegel , M. Vanany , I. Venkatesh , V. Verbeke , W. Verplanken , V. Verplanken , B. Warburton , J. Weaver , G. Wibowo , M. Wilson , J. Wisker , Z. Wood , W. Worthington , E. Yukichika , K. Yunus , N. Zulfakar , M. Please share your general feedback. Contact Customer Support. Abstract Purpose This study aims to examine the moderator effect of religiosity on the relationship between halal brand awareness and habit towards purchasing decisions of halal products. Findings It is found that both halal brand awareness and habit have a positive and significant effect on the purchasing decision of halal products. Halal brand awareness has a significant effect on purchase decisions with a t- value of Figure 1 Conceptual framework of the study. Figure 2 Interactions of halal brand awareness and religiosity and purchase decision. Figure 3 Interactions among habit and religiosity and purchase decision. It is important to me to spend periods of time in private religious thought and prayer. I know that pork, dogs, and other wild beasts are among the unlawful haram foods eaten. I know that processed food from unlawful haram meat makes the food unlawful haram also. Every producer must be responsible for the availability of halal food products. Eating halal-certified food is something that I do without reasoning. I take halal buying decision based on family learning and practice. Mean, std. Correlation is significant at the 0. Source s : Authors' own work research output. Item-total statistics Awareness Corrected item-total correlation Habit Corrected item-total correlation Religiosity Corrected item-total correlation Purchase decision Corrected item-total correlation A1 0. Ahmad Rafiki can be contacted at: hahmadrafiki gmail. Related articles. All feedback is valuable Please share your general feedback. Report an issue or find answers to frequently asked questions Contact Customer Support. Halal awareness. Purchase decision. Habit purchase. Religiosity halal. Religiosity habit. Religiosity purchase. Halal religiosity purchase. Halal awareness purchase. Habit religiosity purchase. Religion is especially important to me because it answers many questions about the meaning of life 2. I often read books and magazines about my faith 3. I spend time trying to grow in understanding of my faith 4. My religious beliefs lie behind my whole approach to life 5. I make financial contributions to my religious organization 6. I enjoy spending time with others of my religious affiliation 7. Religious beliefs influence all my dealings in life 8. It is important to me to spend periods of time in private religious thought and prayer 9. I enjoy taking part in activities of my religious organization. Mokhlis , Fam et al. Halal brand awareness. I always make sure that the food is halal 2. I always make sure that the food additives are halal 4. I understand what is halal 5. Buying the halal product have been becoming your lifestyle 6. I know that pork, dogs, and other wild beasts are among the unlawful haram foods eaten 8. I know that processed food from unlawful haram meat makes the food unlawful haram also 9. I know that alcoholic drinks include unlawful haram drinks Aziz and Vui , Azam , Yunus et al. Consuming Halal-certified food is something I do reflex 2. I feel weird if I do not consume Halal-certified food 3. Ahmed et al. I take halal buying decision based on religious 2. I take halal buying decision based on hygienic 3. I take halal buying decision based on quality assurance 4. I take halal buying decision based on mental satisfaction 5. I take halal buying decision based on family learning and practice 6. I take halal buying decision based on healthy consumption. Mittal , Bauer et al. Above Education level. High school. Religious education classes. Ibtidaiyah lower level. Tsanawiyyah middle level. Aliyah high level. Other kind classes. Regression test H1. Halal brand Awareness Purchase Decision. H1 Accepted. Regression test H2. Habits Purchase Decision. H2 Accepted. Interaction test H3. H3 Accepted. Interaction test H4. Habits Moderate2 Religiosity Purchase Decision. H4 Accepted.
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Buying Ecstasy Depok
Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. All the authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work. The entire online survey was explained to students to be filled in themselves by first filling out the informed consent. Approval was obtained from teacher representatives from each school and the Surabaya City Education Office. This research is voluntary and the information is collected anonymously. Background: Student groups are prone to drug abuse. The prevalence of drugs in the past year among high school students in Surabaya, Indonesia occupies the highest provincial capital 9. Results: More than half of the students have insufficient knowledge about drugs and have negative attitudes about peer education in HEY activities. The results of statistical tests showed that there was a relationship between class and student participation in peer education activities. Conclusion: Most students have less knowledge about drugs and a negative attitude about peer education. However, the intention to participate in peer education activities is more thus it is necessary to improve the quality of peer educators through activities that are performed regularly by various relevant stakeholders. Drug abuse among high school students has reached an increasingly concerning number. Findings of the research indicate that many students' knowledge remain lacking and students' attitudes about peer education remain negative. Good knowledge about drugs is very important so that students do not fall into drug abuse. One of the factors related to students' intention to participate in peer education is class; students at lower-level classes had more free time to take part in peer education. Students who have the intention to participate in more peer education so that peer educator quality improvement and support from schools and related stakeholders are needed to create conditions for peer education that can work optimally in order to prevent drug abuse. Drug abuse drugs, psychotropic, and addictive substances is a global threat that causes adverse impacts on individuals and society, especially the younger generation. Drugs can be beneficial for healing due to their calming effects, but if used in excessive doses can cause addiction. This abuse is initially because the user wants to get a hallucinatory calm. The prevalence of ever using drugs in Indonesia in was 2. The top five types of drugs consumed in the last 1 year are marijuana Meanwhile, the main reasons for using drugs for the first time were mostly trial and error Preliminary estimates suggest that globally in as many as The prevalence in Indonesia in of adolescents who consume drugs for one year who are high school students 6. The prevalence of drug users in the past year among high school students in Surabaya occupies the highest provincial capital in Indonesia 9. The most types of drugs consumed by high school students in the past year were headache drugs that were drunk excessively by Based on student and student knowledge of various types of drugs, respondents knew the most about natural types of drugs, such as marijuana gele, cimeng , marijuana, getok, linda ; Synthetic drugs, such as shabu, Yaba, SS, Tastus, Ubas Methamphetamines ; Semi- synthetic drugs, such as heroin; Psychotropic such as pil koplo, BK, mboat, mboti, roda ; Additives such as aibon glue, gasoline, markers, electric hit; Hard drugs are headache drugs that are drunk excessively. The highest knowledge of high school students about types of drugs is hard drugs and addictive substances. The lowest knowledge is the natural type of drug. Knowledge of the health impacts of drug abuse among high school students is hallucinations. Other impacts are disrupting the concentration of learning, depression, causing dependence. The importance of knowledge in students is very important so as not to fall into drug abuse. One of the efforts to prevent drug abuse from an early age is increasing knowledge through peer education contained in HEY Health Educator for Youth activities. HEY is a community service activity from the Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga in collaboration with Rumah Remaja to form high school students to become peer educators. High school students will later act as volunteers to convey the knowledge that has been obtained from peer educator training by using edutainment media education and entertainment to their friends at school. This study was an analytic observational study using a crosssectional study design. The population in this study were high school students in the city of Surabaya, Indonesia who had peer educators. The peer educators performed activities in each school to provide education with the edutainment method to their friends, accompanied by the teacher. Of the 10 schools that were the population in this study, six schools in Surabaya were selected because they have peer educators who were active in educating their friends about drugs August-September Questions about student participation, namely their intention to participate in peer education activities. The dichotomous category was used in the knowledge question for the need assessment that indicate the information that need to be included in peer education training materials. The selection of the good or poor category were used to justify the involvement of this material in the peer education training program among the various materials on adolescent health to help stakeholders focus on improving the material needed by students. The answers to the questions regarding knowledge were categorized as good and poor, so low reliability did not affect the results. Qualitative variables are expressed as numbers and percent. This research used chi-square test to examine the relationship between nominal or ordinal data on the independent variables knowledge and attitudes and the dependent variable student participation. The non-parametric statistical method test for nominal data used the Mann Whitney test and ordinal data used the Kruskal Wallis test. This research was conducted in six high schools in the city of Surabaya, Indonesia with a total of students. The median age of students is 15 years, the minimum age is 12 years and the maximum age of students is 18 years. Of the students, 81 A1 was a private school, and the rest A2 to A6 were public schools Table 1. Meanwhile, more than half of the students did not know the examples of drugs that work by triggering the workings of the central nervous system, disrupting the central nervous system, and suppressing the central nervous system The majority of students did not know the effects of drugs from consuming heroin, abused cocaine and the psychological effects that arise More than half of the students agreed that drug materials were interesting Meanwhile, students who disagreed the most about believing that peer educators could provide advice on the problem 5. Students who had poor and good level of drug knowledge were almost in the same amount, The number of students who had negative attitudes towards peer education was more There were more students who had the intention to participate in peer education activities Adolescents are the most vulnerable age to drug abuse. The high risk of drug dependence in adolescents were caused by their environment that surrounded by addicts in the family or community, offers from peers and their belief that drugs can bring benefits. Drug abuse has become one of the most important public health problems in recent years. Similar condition was found in a research in Tantan City, Egypt, showing that the majority of high school students This suggests that students need more information and health education about drug abuse from both government and non-government organizations. In this research, knowledge remains poor in examples of drugs that work by triggering the action of the central nervous system, disrupting the central nervous system, and suppressing the central nervous system; the effects of drugs from consuming heroin, abused cocaine and the psychological effects that arise. Lack of the knowledge level shows there are many students who do not know and not understand well about the examples and impacts of drug abuse. In the knowledge of students in the Dhaka City study about the types of drug abuse, most More than half of the students Moreover, in this research, good knowledge refers to the availability of knowledge about the types of drugs that work by triggering the action of the central nervous system and suppressing the central nervous system as well as drug regulation. In line with a research among public secondary school students in Lagos, it was found that almost three quarters of students knew the legal status of drug abuse. The majority of students The reason why adolescents experience drug addiction is that the majority of students This study showed half of the students had good knowledge of drug addiction. The attitudes of high school students in this research showed that more than half of the students had negative attitudes towards HEY peer education activities which merely In contrast to research in Tanta City, Egypt, the majority of high school students More than half of the secondary school students in Surabaya, Indonesia A research in Tanta City, Egypt showed that more than half of students However, Therefore, the involvement of youth in program planning was only 8. Whereas based on the national standard of health service implementation, youth need to be involved from planning to program evaluation. Peer educators need to be involved from program planning, some of the youth outside school setting had not even been exposed to the program. Youth health programs should involve youth from a variety of settings and be tailored to the capacity needs of young people. Youth wished they were involved starting from the planning stage to program evaluation because they were the prime movers in the success of youth health programs. There were also private stakeholders and NGOs. All programs from various stakeholders had the same goal, namely the promotion of youth health. All of these programs had similar activities as developing Education Counseling media, training youth to become peer educators. The information obtained by students about drugs is still lacking, since respondents have not received drug education at school. Moreover, there are those who remain think that drugs can be used freely, and drug users are considered as cool and have no bad effects by inhaling glue The research at Iranian public high schools showed similar result between the groups of students who were given the peer education method and the groups of students who were not given peer education according to gender. Moreover, the result of this research indicates that there is correlation between class and the intention to participate in peer education. This condition emerges since twelfth grade students do not have much time to take part in peer education activities due to their focus on studying for graduation exams, while tenth and eleventh graders have more time to take part in peer education activities. A research compared the peer education program methods in prevention of addiction as an experimental group and traditional methods as a control group. It was discovered that in the forty-five days after peer education, the scores on substance addiction information in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group. The substance addiction information score in the experimental group increased after participating in peer education compared to their score before the program. This showed that peer education is superior to other methods in its ability to distribute information. This program also makes a positive contribution to self-confidence, motivation, and peer relationships. The success of peer education is influenced by the selection of the right peer educator based on criteria and the provision of effective training. Therefore, regular monitoring and evaluation is needed to improve program quality. Students were interested and agree that meeting and regularly for sharing with peer counselors can help them prevent substance abuse. A school serves as an appropriate venue for drug prevention programs for three reasons. First, four out of five drug users start as adolescents or before adulthood. Second, schools offer the most systematic and efficient way to reach large numbers of young people each year. Third, schools are able to adopt and enforce a broad spectrum of education policies. Schools must also involve peer educators with activities outside of school that were collaborated with stakeholders to provide training for peer educators. The activity can take the form of counseling from the National Narcotics Agency or the police regarding the prevention of drug abuse. In this research, high school students were more likely to have less drug knowledge and negative attitudes towards peer education in HEY activities to prevent drug abuse from an early age, whereas more than half of the students had the intention to participate in peer education activities. Students from the schools selected in this study were heterogeneous from multiple ethnicity and religion as they were the resident of Surabaya. Surabaya is second big cities in Indonesia with various ethnicity, religion and culture. Thus, this study should be possible to be replicated in other regions in Indonesia. In addition, the language of instruction uses Bahasa Indonesia and the materials given in the program were free from elements of ethnicity, race, religion, and between groups. There were several limitations associated with the study. Based on the methodology, it was difficult to see the behavior change on drug abuse prevention for some time after the training. Another limitation was the location of this study which was only conducted in the city of Surabaya. Although the participation of this study represents each region in Surabaya and Surabaya has high heterogeneity, it did not guarantee that the program can be directly implemented in other regions. Therefore, implementing a program like this in other areas still required FGD with related stakeholders to grasp the suitability of the program. High school students in Surabaya, Indonesia in this research have insufficient knowledge about drugs drugs, psychotropic substances, addictive substances , thus an effort to increase knowledge about drugs in each school are needed, both through in-class and outside-class activities. In addition to knowledge, strengthening attitudes to communicate the benefits of peer educators also needs to be undertaken. Therefore, students have the intention to participate in peer educator activities in their schools. The peer education program requires support from schools and related stakeholders in order to provide benefits to students by increasing their knowledge and attitudes so that the intention to participate also increases. We gratefully acknowledge the senior high school students in Surabaya, East Java Province, Indonesia for cooperating during survey. In addition, we would like to address special thanks to Universitas Airlangga, which has provided funding, and the Education Office that has granted the clearance for the research. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. J Public Health Res. Find articles by Ira Nurmala. Find articles by Muthmainnah. Find articles by Iswari Hariastuti. Find articles by Yuli Puspita Devi. Find articles by Nurvita Ruwandasari. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Open in a new tab. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel. According to me, information about drugs is important. According to me, information about drugs is interesting. I want to apply information from peer educator. I believe that peer educator can listen to my problem well. I believe that peer educator can give advise toward my problem. I believe that peer educator can help solve your problem.
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