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By: Engr. Mizpah Amba, Engr. Hannah Mae Cobrado, Engr. April Joy C. Drexand Perocho, Engr. With the current growth in the world's population,. In order to optimize energy consumption in agriculture, it is vital to determine the. Crop-yield is directly proportional to the. Energy and Computation of Parameters. Different literatures studying energy consumption analysis in corn farming uses. Equation 5 Total energy input ha MJ. Totalenergy input ha MJ. Another two-factorial test of analysis of variance ANOVA was performed to determine the difference between production processes of each barangay. Table 6 revealed that there was a high significant difference in production processes and barangays, and the interaction between two factors as well. The result implied that each barangay has different energy inputs based on production processes. Figure 8. Energy Input and Yield Relationship. The relationship between energy input and crop yield was determined using the. Output Yield Logarithmic Output Yield 3, Figure 9. Energy and Yield Relationship. Energy Efficiency and Net Energy Gain. Cost Analysis of Corn Production. Alipour, A. Study and determination of energy consumption to produce conventional rice of the Guilan province. Beiragi, M. A study of morphological basis of corn Zea mays L. Journal of Cereals and Oilseeds, 2 2 , Bockari-Gevao, S. Analysis of energy consumption in lowland rice-based cropping system. Songklanakarin J. Technology, Bowers, W. Agricultural Field Equipment. Stout, Energy in World Agriculture pp. New York, U. Descriptive analysis of energy consumption in agriculture and food sector in Canada. Final Report. International Commission of Agricultural Engineering. American Society of Agri-cultural Engineers. Clements, D. Energy analysis of tillage production and herbicide inputs in alternative weed management systems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 52 , ExcoNDE, O. Corn in the Philippines: its production and research activities with emphasis on downy mildew. Trop Agric Res, 8, Garrity, D. Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment in the Humid Tropics. The Philippines, Gundogmus, E. Energy use on organic farming: a comparative analysis on organic versus conventional apricot production on small holding in Turkey. Energy Conversation Management, 47, Energy, 44, Kennedy, S. Energy use in American agriculture. Sustainable Energy Term Paper, Khan, S. Energy requirements and economic analysis of wheat, rice and bar;ey production in Australia. Soil and Environment, Kizilaslan, H. Input—output energy analysis of cherries production in Tokat province of Turkey. Energy 86, Lorzadeh, S. Advances in Environmental Biology, 5 11 , Moerschner, J. Direct and indirect energy use in arable farming - An example of winter wheat in Northern Germany. Report 2. Mohammadi, A. Economical analysis and relation between energy inputs and yield of greenhouse cucumber production in Iran. Appl Energy 87, Nassiri, S. Study on energy use efficiency for paddy crop using data envelopment analysis DEA technique. Applied energy, 86 , Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 10, , from psa. Safa, M. Energy consumption in wheat production in irrigated and dry land farming. International Agricultural Engineering Conference, Sanchez, M. Corn production volume in the Philippines. Thesis, Univ. Singh, J. On farm energy use pattern in different cropping systems in Haryana, India. Singh, S. Energy in Production Agriculture. India: Mittal Publishing Company. Srivastava, A. AMA Spring, Taki, M. Energy input—output modeling and economical analyze for corn grain profuction in Iran. Elixir Agriculture 52 , Tanate, C. Energy consumption analysis for Sangyod rice production. Energy Proc, 52, Tsatsarelis, C. Energy inputs and outputs for soft winter wheat production in Greece. Environ 43, Yadav, S. Energy input—output analysis and mechanization status for cultivation of rice and maize crops in Sikkim. Table 9. Table Open navigation menu. Close suggestions Search Search. User Settings. This document presents a study on the energy use analysis of rainfed lowland corn production in Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines. The study aims to determine the inputs and outputs of energy used in corn production, the benefit-cost ratio of corn production, and the relationship between energy inputs and production yield. Data will be collected from five barangays through surveys of corn farmers to analyze the energy used in land preparation, crop establishment, crop care and maintenance, harvesting, and post-harvest processes. The results of the study will help farmers understand the energy usage and costs of corn farming to improve practices and productivity. For Later. AI-enhanced description. Document Information click to expand document information This document presents a study on the energy use analysis of rainfed lowland corn production in Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines. Original Description: Energy. Did you find this document useful? Is this content inappropriate? Download now. Jump to Page. Search inside document. Rationale In terms of production in the world, Corn Zea mays is considered as the third most important cereal, after wheat and rice Beiragi, et al. It is used not only for human consumption but also for animal feed and agricultural applications, which is why it is a vital crop for the growth of the livestock and manufacturing industries. Corn is one of the most important staple crops in the Philippines. It ranks second to rice in the utilization of agricultural resources ExcoNDE, Maize growing varies depending on the environment and the production cycle is different in all areas of the world. In the country, corn production is based on the landscape and topography of an area. In , the production volume of corn in the Philippines was almost eight million metric tons, higher than the produced quantity of eight million metric tons in Sanchez, Since s, the Philippines already recognized the need of agricultural development and the importance of energies mainly fertilizers, pesticides, fuels, and irrigation to support the increase in agricultural productivity Garrity, et al. With the current growth in the world's population, energy use must be planned effectively. That is, the input elements need to be identified to prescribe the most efficient methods for controlling them Bockari-Gevao, et al. Energy needs in agriculture are classified into two classes, both direct and indirect. Direct energy is required to perform various tasks related to crop production processes such as land preparation, irrigation, intercultural operations, threshing, harvesting and transportation of agricultural inputs and farm produce Singh, Direct energy is shown to be used directly in farms and in fields. Indirect energy on the other hand, consists of the energy used in the manufacture, packaging and transport of fertilizers, pesticides, and farm machinery Kennedy, ; CAEEDAC, As the name suggests, indirect energy is not used explicitly on the farm. Major indirect energy products are fertilizers, seeds, equipment, and pesticides. It is important to define the input elements in order to recommend the most effective methods for controlling them Bockari-Gevao, et al. Crop-yield is directly proportional to the energy input Srivastava, This means that The reduction in the SSRs of the commodity was due to the decrease in local production while there was a strong rise in imports. Area harvested at 3, hectares trimmed down by 64 percent. Corn yield, at 1. Declining corn sufficiency has now become a global battle due to a decrease in corn production and an increase in demand. Boosting crop yields can tackle fast-growing world population and consumption. Thus, energy planning is crucial and requires a comprehensive analysis of energy inputs and outputs Khan, et al. Several studies on energy analysis of corn production have already been conducted in different countries. In Sikkim, a state of northeastern India, the energy input and output of corn production is about 4, Land preparation had the highest energy input 1, Moreover, Harvesting and transportation had consumed about 7. Further, source-wise, the average human energy use in cultivation of maize crop in Sikkim, India has been estimated as 1, Seed and farmyard manure energy contributed to It recorded that N fertilizer used in maize production systems had a high share with Water for irrigation came in next with 9. The lowest share of total energy was recorded for human labor 0. Total energy input and output in maize production systems were 39, Likewise, the energy use efficiency, energy productivity, specific energy, net energy of maize production systems were 1. Efficient use of energy in agriculture is one of the principal requirements for sustainable agricultural production. Nowadays, many are aiming for sustainable agriculture, and the main challenge for it is to make agriculture productive and sustainable. This can only be achievable through reducing the cost of agriculture by greater productivity through the usage of inputs and higher returns to farmers by added value in output catchments and through taking steps to reduce losses. Significance of the Study The researchers proposed to conduct a study that would identify and estimate the energy usage in corn production. This study will help the researchers better understand the scope and activities associated with corn farming in the province of Tagum City, Davao del Norte. Furthermore, this research will allow the researchers to test the cost efficiencies of corn farming and provide relevant information and assistance to farmers to develop their practices and attain productivity at the most economical way to become more globally competitive and have a sustainable business. Objectives of the Study This study aims to: 1. Determine the inputs and output energy use of corn production in Tagum City, Davao del Norte. Determine the benefit-cost ratio of corn production in Tagum City, Davao del Norte. Determine the relationship between corn production energy inputs and production yield. Scope and Limitation of the Study The study only focuses on quantifying the energy inputs and practices of corn production from land preparation to post-harvest practices in the city of Tagum, Davao del Norte province. The study only covers the cropping season from January to May Methodology A. Three respondents are selected to represent each barangay. Figure 1 showed the sequence of data collection. A pre-designed survey questionnaire is prepared to interview farmers selected at random from the chosen barangays. Farmers were personally interviewed to collect the information needed for the study. Production input are also divided into two subgroups such as direct labor, fuel, machinery, manual equipment, and animal power and indirect seeds, fertilizers, and chemicals. Below is the tabulated energy coefficient that will be used by the researcher in the computation of energy consumption analysis. Table 1. Cost Economics The capital input was separated into variable cost and fixed cost Sandigodmath, Variable cost involved the various input sources such as labor, machinery and equipment, animal power, fuel, seeds, fertilizers, and chemicals. On the other hand, the fixed cost consisted of rental value of owned land and interest on the fixed cost. Impact to the corn production yield measured in kilogram per hectare is treated as the dependent variable Srivastava, Each treatment is replicated thrice 3 to minimize error. Table 2. Results and Discussion The study was conducted to quantify the energy inputs and practices of corn production in the city of Tagum. The energy inputs considered are labor, fuel, machinery, manual equipment, animal power, seeds, fertilizers, and chemicals. Moreover, the study aimed to determine the benefit-cost ratio of corn production in the research area, and to determine the relationship between energy inputs and crop yield and in what extent that it will influence the other. The study only gathered data of one cropping. Level of energy inputs in Barangays of Tagum City The two-factorial test of analysis of variance ANOVA in Table 5 exhibited high significant difference between production energy inputs and the barangays, as well as the interaction between the two factors. The result implied that each barangay in Tagum City, Davao del Norte has different level of energy inputs employed to its respective farms. Table 5. Barangay Apokon and Madaum are significantly different in the Chemicals input, while Barangay Apokon is the only barangay that is significantly different in Diesel energy input. Figure 2 exhibited that fertilizer has the highest share of production input 3, Similar results have been reported from various literature that the energy input of chemical fertilizers has the biggest share of the total energy input in agricultural crops production Tsatsarelis, ; Kizilaslan, Corn Energy Use based on Production Inputs of Tagum City It is apparent in Figure 3 that barangays have varying amounts of energy inputs employed in their corn production. Hence, statistics analysis showed there is a high significant difference among the practices of each barangay. Level of Production Processes in Barangays of Tagum City Another two-factorial test of analysis of variance ANOVA was performed to determine the difference between production processes of each barangay. Having a high significant difference between corn production processes, the percent share of each parameters was explicitly shown in Figure 4. The highest share is the crop care and maintenance 4, With this, the researcher inferred the need to reassess the fertilizer application techniques used by the farmers for they might be investing too much on something that will no longer provide an optimum crop yield or otherwise will cause a detrimental effect to their field and crop in the worst-case scenario. Corn Energy Use based on Production Processes of Tagum City Figure 5 showed that barangays have the various amounts of energy inputs based on production processes. Most of the farmers surveyed used manual labor in their corn farms. It is because most of them have small areas and they are unable to access machineries that can help them in their corn production from land preparation to post-harvest processes. However, in Barangay Madaum, land preparation is done by tractors with disc ploughs and disc harrows which were aided by the City Agriculture Office of Tagum. Also, in Barangay Visayan Village, corn farmers used Kubota sheller which they rented from a local machinery supplier. Overall, manual labor was mostly used from land preparation to post-harvest for most of the farms surveyed. Complete, Urea, and Ammophos fertilizers are the most commonly used fertilizers by the farmers. Direct Energy Input Figure 7. Indirect Energy Input Figure 8 showed that each barangay has a high indirect energy input compared to direct energy. In fact, indirect energy has Energy Input and Yield Relationship The relationship between energy input and crop yield was determined using the regression analysis technique as shown in Figure 9. The data displayed that crop yield changes along with the change in energy input. The crop yield increases as the energy input also increases. This relationship was conceptualized by Srivastava and was claimed in this result. However, the relationship has a trend following the natural logarithm pattern. In which, the rate of yield increment decreases over time until it comes to a plateau. Energy Efficiency and Net Energy Gain The energy efficiency was determined as the ratio of output energy to input energy. The city, based on the farms surveyed, has an energy use efficiency of 6. Among all the barangays, Apokon has the highest energy use efficiency. It is because the surveyed area has the lowest energy input since the farmers do not use machinery and fuel in their corn production. This means that Barangay Apokon purely uses man-animal power in producing its harvested corn. Overall, the high energy efficiency in Tagum City implies that corn production business in the city is gaining or economically feasible. Furthermore, it indicates that for every unit of energy input there is 6. Energy productivity also implied that for every mega Joule of input, there is 0. Similarly, specific energy also showed that 1 kilogram of crop yield needs 2. Average corn yield in the city is 2, Average energy input is 5, The values of energy indices of corn production in Tagum City are shown in the table below. Table 7. Cost Analysis of Corn Production Cost analysis is needed to assess if a certain farm is gaining from the production of its particular crop. Under the variable cost, labor has the highest share of It is mainly because most of the farms surveyed used man-animal power in its production. The second highest share in the variable cost was fertilizer with The remaining variable costs consisted of chemical usage, animal power, machineries and equipment involves cost of rent for trucks in transporting corn products and manual equipment such as knapsack sprayer and other farm tools , animal power, fuel, and interest on working capital 9. Whereas, the fixed cost involved the rental value of the land which has the highest share of The average yield obtained from all the farms surveyed was 2, The benefit cost ratio in corn production was 1. Conclusion In this study, the energy use analysis of rainfed lowland corn production was conducted in Tagum City, Davao del Norte. Results showed that corn production consumed a total energy of 5, Out of the total energy inputs, A major part of direct energy inputs is labor with On the other hand, the highest share in indirect inputs is fertilizer with 3, In comparing level of energy use based on production process, the highest is the crop care and maintenance with 4, Moreover, it is also concluded that practices and extent of energy inputs among the barangays in Tagum City are significantly different. Furthermore, there is money in the production of corn in the city of Tagum, province of Davao del Norte. It is supported by the energy use efficiency result of 6. Hence, corn production business is gaining. This claim was further strengthened by the benefit-cost ration of 1. However, since the relationship is in natural logarithm, there is a point where the rate of increase in yield declines over time before the peak is reached. References Alipour, A. You might also like Project Report Document 69 pages. Evidence For Connection Theory Document 24 pages. Research Proposal Document 5 pages. Document 9 pages. Ullah 2 Document 11 pages. Technical, Efficiencyu of Lentil Paper Document 10 pages. Owombo Et Al. Document 8 pages. Pattern of Energy Consumption in Millet Document 8 pages. Assessment of Input Output Transformatio Document 6 pages. Saccharata Strut Document 9 pages. Saccharata Strut. Ijair Final Document 9 pages. Aboaba EE Document 8 pages. Level of Mechanization Document 13 pages. Final FM Document 10 pages. Risk Document 8 pages. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research Document 10 pages. Income and Expenditure Study Document 10 pages. 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