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My Library. You currently do not have any folders to save your paper to! Create a new folder below. Create New Folder. Folder Name. Folder Description. Subscribe to BioOne Complete. Receive erratum alerts for this article. Receive alerts when this article is cited. Nigel J. Citation Only. Help Advanced Search. All Titles. Choose Title s. Single Year. Clear Form.

Famine (IPC Phase 5) continues in part of Al Fasher amid conflict and flooding

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Populations who are facing increasingly dire shortages of food, medicine, and other essential supplies under protracted siege conditions are now also facing the wettest rainy season of the year historical record , leading to flash floods that are further endangering household access to food and driving disease outbreaks. Unless immediate action is taken to end the fighting and meaningfully reduce bureaucratic impediments that hinder humanitarian access and the flow of food and nutrition assistance across conflict frontlines, the impact of these shocks will continue to result in alarmingly high levels of starvation, acute malnutrition, and mortality, now and in the coming months. Acute malnutrition is visibly widespread among children and adults, and deaths are occurring due to hunger, disease, or the interaction of the two: recent data collected by clinics in parts of Central and South Darfur where Mercy Corps is providing cash assistance indicate extremely high acute malnutrition levels among children of families who sought medical services. The record-setting rainfall season, which has led to widespread flooding in many of these same areas, is compounding the impacts of protracted conflict by causing additional displacement ; destroying crops, property, and infrastructure; disrupting remaining livelihood activities; escalating disease outbreaks that are likely worsening malnutrition; and constraining already very low flows of commercial food and humanitarian food aid. Given that data collection is increasingly difficult amid these shocks and bureaucratic and logistical constraints, humanitarian and government actors should not wait for confirmation of Famine IPC Phase 5 in other areas of Sudan before taking immediate action to facilitate large-scale, sustained delivery of assistance that saves lives. Note: The flooded area is aggregated from VIIRS 5-day composite flood products where pixels contained at least 25 percent inundation. However, due to persistent cloud cover in some areas, particularly over the western Darfur region, the flooded area may miss flash flooding events and may be an underestimation of the true extent of inundation. FEWS NET uses this description when direct evidence is unavailable or insufficient to conclude if the technical definition of Famine IPC Phase 5 has been met, but the broader body of evidence suggests it is possible Famine is occurring. FEWS NET will publish an Alert to highlight a current or anticipated shock expected to drive a sharp deterioration in food security, such that a humanitarian food assistance response is imminently needed. The information provided on this Website is not official U. Government information and does not represent the views or positions of the U. Agency for International Development or the U. Skip to main content. September 5, The RSF-led siege on the town continued through August, with escalating fighting and heavy civilian casualties, including in Abu Shouk camp on August The intensity of fighting is continuing to cut off trade flows and humanitarian access, prevent population movements, and limit engagement in livelihood activities including cultivation and agricultural labor. RSF has reportedly established additional checkpoints on the B26 road between Al Fasher and Zamzam camp, further limiting mobility. Heavy rains between July 23 and 25 and again between August 12 and 17 caused massive flooding that affected both Zamzam and Abu Shouk camps. In total, nearly 2, households were re-displaced and their homes destroyed. Additionally, hundreds of latrines in the camps were destroyed and thousands were damaged, further worsening sanitation conditions. According to satellite imagery analysis conducted by Yale HRL , the flooding in late July affected nine out of 13 identified water points in Zamzam and flooded multiple latrines, likely contaminating the primary water sources in the camp and increasing the risk of waterborne diseases such as cholera. Humanitarian access to the area remains extremely limited, obstructed by insecurity, active conflict, flooding, and bureaucratic and administrative impediments. The collapse of four critical bridges in West Darfur due to flooding in August — three in El Geneina town and one along the main road connecting West Darfur to the rest of Greater Darfur — is hindering convoy movement. Partners on the ground in Zamzam report that nutrition supplies have dwindled, requiring prioritization of treatment of severe acute malnutrition SAM cases at the expense of moderate acute malnutrition MAM. Lack of optimal MAM treatment is likely to drive increased cases of SAM, as well as SAM relapses, associated with a heightened risk that acutely malnourished children will either die or endure longer-term developmental problems. Kadugli similarly remains besieged as RSF obstructs key routes. With commercial flows from South Sudan into South Kordofan increasingly restricted due to flooding, market supplies are severely limited and food prices in markets such as Kadugli are among the highest in Sudan. Meanwhile, in Khartoum, fighting persists in downtown Khartoum, Omdurman, and Bahri. RSF continues to besiege SAF areas, impacting mobility and trade flows in adjacent civilian neighborhoods. With the exception of Al Fasher locality in North Darfur, direct violent clashes currently remain low in Greater Darfur. Data on food security, nutrition, and mortality is and will likely remain limited, given increased government restrictions on data collection. While the children screened were brought by families who actively visited the clinics seeking services and are thus not representative of the broader communities , the data indicate exceedingly high acute malnutrition rates. In some clinics, nearly a quarter of screened children had SAM, and clinic staff reported estimates of four to five children dying each day from malnutrition-related causes. This converges with Reuters investigative reporting in June of atypically rapid cemetery growth near five IDP camps in Greater Darfur — two of which were in South Darfur — where community leaders attributed additional deaths to malnutrition and disease. Since June, cumulative rainfall has ranged from average to significantly above average across the country. Most of North and West Darfur, some northern areas of Central Darfur, and areas along the northern band stretching across North Kordofan, Northern, River Nile, Red Sea, and Kassala are experiencing the wettest rainy season on the year historical record. Severe floods have ensued, and the UN estimates , people have been affected, nearly half of whom about , are located in Greater Darfur. The heavy rains and flooding are exacerbating already significant trade flow disruptions and market supply Figure 2. In Greater Darfur , the flood-related collapse of critical infrastructure is leading to further reductions in commercial food supply and humanitarian access. In South Kordofan , routes to Dilling and Kadugli remain severely impacted by the continued fighting and siege-like conditions, while heavy rains and flooding have cut off roads, limiting access to cross-border trade flows from South Sudan. The reduction in flow of food and goods is driving prices upward, with month-on-month increases of percent in the Darfur capital cities, percent above just six months ago. This is likely exacerbating severe to extreme food consumption gaps among households in these areas. Crop cultivation in most of the traditional rainfed sector — particularly across Greater Darfur and Greater Kordofan — is limited by widespread insecurity and displacement that has reduced access to farms. Key informants corroborate cultivation is below normal. According to the UN , trucks have been approved to cross the border, with WFP reporting in late August that enough food and nutrition supplies for around , people are ready to be transported. Figure 2. Trade flows and market functionality in August, combined with conflict events and flooded areas in July and August. Other key updates. As of the end August, active fighting has expanded along key frontlines across the country, resulting in further displacement and disruption to trade flows and livelihood activities. Total population displacement has risen to In the southeast, clashes have escalated considerably, with new fronts opening in Sennar, White Nile state, and parts of Blue Nile state. Between June 1 and August 26, IOM DTM reported 77 incidents of heavy rains and flooding that displaced nearly , people across 14 states, approximately half of whom were previously displaced due to conflict. The record levels of flooding have destroyed or partially damaged thousands of homes; washed away critical infrastructure including bridges, dams, and roads; disrupted farming and livelihood activities; and contaminated drinking water sources for thousands, facilitating the rapid spread of waterborne diseases including cholera, malaria, dengue fever, and others. Across the country, crop cultivation has been significantly disrupted by the ongoing conflict and associated massive displacement; lack of access to, scarcity of, and high cost of inputs; and the impact of the heavy rains and flooding. As a result, moderate to very large crop production deficits are expected. In the semi-mechanized and irrigated sector of central and eastern Sudan the historical agricultural breadbaskets , cultivation is significantly disrupted by ongoing fighting and insecurity in most of Al Jazirah and Sennar states, as well as in parts of Blue Nile. In Al Jazirah, the expected scale of decline in cultivation has significant implications for the national harvest. While relatively better cultivation is ongoing in Gedaref and calmer parts of Blue Nile, area cultivated in these areas is nonetheless expected to be below average. In Kassala state, near normal cultivation has been reported in Halfa Al Gaddeda irrigated scheme, as well as in the rainfed areas of rural Kassala; however, available field information indicated that farmers have cultivated more cash crops than cereal. According to the State Ministry of Agriculture, farmers are being encouraged to maximize cultivation in Delat Algash flood retreat irrigated scheme, where cultivation normally starts in September after flood waters recede. Macroeconomic conditions continue to deteriorate, driven by the impacts of conflict on the economy. Unprecedented increases in cereal prices were observed in August across nearly all reporting markets. On average, sorghum and millet prices in main markets increased by 65 percent compared to last month, percent compared to just six months ago March , and percent compared to the same time last year August Locally produced wheat prices increased on average by 60, , and percent for the same reference periods. When combined with high inflation, reductions in income-earning opportunities and poor wage rates, purchasing capacity steeply declined in August: the labor-to-sorghum and goat-to-sorghum terms of trade declined on average 34 and 31 percent compared to last month, and 71 and 56 percent compared to last year, respectively. Countrywide, the humanitarian food and nutrition assistance response remains woefully inadequate relative to the scale of need, despite the determination of Famine IPC Phase 5 in part of North Darfur and multiple warnings of a risk of Famine IPC Phase 5 in numerous additional areas. In June, WFP reached a total of 2. Humanitarian access is limited by ongoing bureaucratic and administrative barriers, conflict and insecurity, and heavy rains and flooding. Beneficiaries reached in July represent less than 10 percent of the estimated population in need. Moreover, funding remains insufficient, with the Humanitarian Response Plan still just 41 percent funded as of August. Jump back to top.

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