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The first time you enter a dispensary, it can be intimidating. With so many product types, insider jargon like dabs and sauce, and obscure cannabis measurements like quarter of weed or dub of weed or zip of weed , it is normal to feel a bit timid. But lots of people visit their first dispensary and find a welcoming, wellness-oriented community waiting with open arms. This article highlights everything you need to know about how to buy weed legally — online and from a dispensary. Here are some helpful tips to keep in mind if you or someone you know is planning to visit their first dispensary. While some dispensaries have ATMs, everyone uses it, so you might find it out of order. It is best to bring cash to avoid any issues. Some dispensaries accept credit or debit card payments as well. How do you want to feel? Do you want a cannabis product that makes you feel energized or relaxed? Do you want to smoke cannabis flower, or would you prefer something easy and discreet like a tincture? Different cannabis ingestion methods can have different effects. Ask questions whenever you need assistance. The budtenders there to help you. You can also ask your budtender to explain how to use the products. Once you have found a product, all you need to do is buy it. Just resist the desire to vape or smoke a joint near the dispensary, as it generally illegal to consume cannabis in public—although you should check your local laws and regulations. Now you know how to buy weed from a dispensary. Buying weed online is very convenient. Of course, you can only buy cannabis online if you live in a state where you can legally purchase cannabis from a dispensary through an online point-of-sale system. If online purchases are not available in your area, you cannot buy cannabis online. Some dispensaries have paired with delivery services, while others require you to come in in-person to pick up your cannabis products. Watch out for websites that request cryptocurrency payments or e-transfer. Jointly is a cannabis discovery app that makes it easy to find and match with the best cannabis and CBD products for your goals. Your matches are calculated from the real product ratings and experiences of hundreds of thousands of people using the Jointly app. Whether you want to improve sleep , relieve daily stress , or just relax and refresh , Jointly can help you reach your goals with cannabis. With Jointly, match with top-rated products, and build lists of your favorites to save, share, and bring to your local dispensary to help guide your shopping experience. Discovery awaits. Sam Anderson is the Content Director at Jointly , a cannabis wellness company powered by a proprietary data platform to help people reach their full potential. The company was created on the premise that purposeful cannabis consumption is the key to unlocking a better you. This article originally appeared on Jointly and has been reposted with permission. Read More. How To Buy Weed. The Fresh Toast The first time you enter a dispensary, it can be intimidating. Think about what you want How do you want to feel? Ask questions Ask questions whenever you need assistance. Buy your products Once you have found a product, all you need to do is buy it. How to buy weed online Buying weed online is very convenient. Find top-rated products for your goals Jointly is a cannabis discovery app that makes it easy to find and match with the best cannabis and CBD products for your goals. Have a Question? Scroll to Top.
Views and practices on medical cannabis of unlicensed providers in Thailand: a qualitative study
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Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Correspondence to: Annemarie G. Hirsch, aghirsch geisinger. Usage and distribution for commercial purposes requires written permission. Pennsylvania opened its first medical marijuana MMJ dispensary in Qualifying conditions include six conditions determined to have no or insufficient evidence to support or refute MMJ effectiveness. We conducted a study to describe MMJ dispensary access in Pennsylvania and to determine whether dispensary proximity was associated with MMJ certifications and community demographics. We created dispensary access measures from the population-weighted centroid of Zip Code Tabulation Areas ZCTAs : distance to nearest dispensary and density of dispensaries within a min drive. Distance and density of MMJ dispensaries were associated with the proportion of the ZCTA population certified and the proportion of certifications for insufficient evidence conditions. From to , the odds of being within five miles of a dispensary was up to 20 times higher in ZCTAs with the highest proportions of individuals who were not White OR: Greater dispensary access was associated with the proportions of certified residents and certifications for low evidence conditions. Whether these patterns are due to differences in accessibility or demand is unknown. Associations between community demographics and dispensary proximity may indicate MMJ access differences. In the USA, as of January , 38 states allow medical use of cannabis products \[ 2 \]. States have a growing list of qualifying conditions for MMJ, despite limited evidence of the effectiveness of MMJ for many of these conditions \[ 3 \]. The geographic location of MMJ dispensaries has been associated with marijuana use \[ 4 — 6 \]; however, it is unknown whether the locations of MMJ dispensaries are associated with the qualifying conditions for which individuals are being certified. As MMJ legalization and the number of certifying conditions in the USA expand \[ 2 , 7 \], it is imperative to understand the potential implications of the locations of MMJ dispensaries. Geographic locations of MMJ dispensaries have been associated with marijuana use patterns. Living near a higher number of MMJ dispensaries has been associated with a greater number of days of marijuana use, greater marijuana demand, and frequency of marijuana use \[ 4 — 6 \]. Studies to date have been cross-sectional and have not been able to determine the causal direction of these relationships i. Much of this research has been conducted in California, the first state to legalize MMJ in It is unknown whether these findings are generalizable to states in other regions of the country. Very little is known about whether geographic access to MMJ dispensaries is associated with the types of qualifying conditions for which people are certified. However, prior studies have reported associations between geographic access to clinical care settings and healthcare utilization for some qualifying conditions, including anxiety and autism \[ 8 , 9 \]. In , the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine NASEM published a comprehensive review of the evidence regarding the health effects of using cannabis and cannabis-derived products \[ 3 \]. In the report, NASEM categorized conditions into one of five categories: conclusive evidence, substantial evidence, moderate evidence, limited evidence, and no or insufficient evidence to support the association \[ 3 \]. A subsequent report identified a mismatch between many of the qualifying conditions allowed under state law and the evidence supporting the use of MMJ. In , a national report estimated that Since then, new states and new qualifying conditions have been added to MMJ regulations \[ 7 \]. Different community characteristics have been associated with geographic access to MMJ dispensaries, but results have differed across states. In New York State, for example, MMJ services were least available in neighborhoods with highly educated residents \[ 11 \], while in Oklahoma census tracts with at least one MMJ dispensary had a higher proportion of uninsured individuals living below the poverty level \[ 12 \]. Unlike in these states, in California and Colorado studies did not find an association between socioeconomic status and MMJ dispensary locations \[ 13 , 14 \]. Differences in geographic proximity to MMJ dispensaries may impact access to effective treatment options for conditions such as chronic pain or multiple sclerosis \[ 3 \]. Conversely, there is some prior evidence that closer proximity may have negative consequences, as proximity has been associated with elevated rates of marijuana-related hospitalizations and crime \[ 15 — 17 \]. As the number of MMJ dispensaries grows, it is important to understand the implications of where states locate MMJ dispensaries and how to provide equitable access. Pennsylvania legalized MMJ in and opened its first dispensary in As of , there are 24 conditions on the list of qualifying conditions in Pennsylvania online suppl. Individuals can be certified for one or more of these conditions. Using data from the Pennsylvania Department of Health, we conducted a study of the association between proximity to MMJ dispensaries and both the proportion of individuals certified and the proportion of certifications for conditions that have no, insufficient, or limited evidence. We then evaluated the association between racial, ethnic, socioeconomic community features and access to Pennsylvania dispensaries. We conducted a cross-sectional study of MMJ dispensaries in Pennsylvania zip code tabulation areas ZCTAs from to using data from the Pennsylvania Department of Health obtained in , geographic spatial files from the Census Bureau, and community sociodemographic data from the American Community Survey. We evaluated associations between geographic access, defined using distance and density measures, to MMJ dispensaries and certifications. We then measured associations between community sociodemographic factors and MMJ dispensary access. These are drive-times by road following posted speed limits. We selected drive-time, rather than distance, as drive-time is readily interpretable, better captures opportunity cost of travel, and it better reflects the information that individuals use to inform travel decisions \[ 18 \]. Data included 5-digit zip code for the certifying person, certification status included: active, inactive, pending, expired, cancelled , creation date of certification, treatment period by number of months up to 12 , and up to 10 qualifying serious medical conditions approved by the Department of Health. To calculate the proportion certified, we divided the number of certifications in each year between and by the size of the adult population in that ZCTA using data from the American Community Survey data. Because Pennsylvania expanded their list of qualifying conditions in , we calculated the proportion of certifications that were only for one or more of these conditions for each year between and by dividing the number of certifications for the six low evidence conditions by the total number of certifications. For each year, we quartiled the median household income, the proportion of residents who were not White, and the proportion of residents who were Hispanic. The goals of these analyses were to describe MMJ location and certification patterns in Pennsylvania; evaluate associations between geographic access to MMJ dispensaries distance and density and two MMJ use outcomes: proportion of population certified and proportion of certifications for low evidence conditions; and evaluate associations between community features and MMJ access. We evaluated associations between dispensary access distance: less than five miles \[8. For these models, we used count variables i. We used an unadjusted model model 1 and then we added sociodemographic factors, separately, to that model, to avoid violations of nonpositivity: median income model 2 ; proportion not White and proportion Hispanic model 3 \[ 20 \]. In sensitivity analyses, we re-ran these models using a drive-time of 30 min. Of 1, ZCTAs, 1, were included in the analysis. The remaining ZCTAs had fewer than adult residents and were excluded. From to , the median distance to the nearest dispensary decreased from The percent of ZCTAs within five miles of a dispensary nearly doubled, from The percent of ZCTAs with at least two dispensaries within 15 min more than tripled, from 9. Pennsylvania maps of percent of adults with MMJ certification — in Zip Code Tabulation Areas with at least adult residents. In unadjusted and adjusted models, the proportion of the population certified increased with greater dispensary access i. This finding was present in each year from to These associations remained after adjusting for community features models 2 and 3. In years —, the proportion of certifications for low evidence conditions decreased with greater dispensary access Table 3. The direction of the results was similar when using a min drive-time not shown. ZCTAs with higher proportions of individuals who were not White and ZCTAs with the higher proportion of individuals who were Hispanic had higher odds of having a dispensary within five miles vs. Adjusting for median income and proportion Hispanic, in communities with the highest proportion of individuals who were not White quartile 4 , the odds of having a dispensary within five miles was more than 12 times the odds among communities with the lowest proportion of individuals who were not White quartile 1 in every year. In these same models, in communities with the highest proportion of Hispanic individuals quartile 4 , the odds of having a dispensary within five miles was more than double in all years. ZCTAs with higher median incomes had lower odds of having a dispensary within five miles, but all of the CIs included the null value. As legalization of MMJ expands worldwide \[ 1 \], understanding the implications of the availability of MMJ in communities is essential. Geographic access to MMJ dispensaries dramatically increased in Pennsylvania from to We conducted the first study of the association between MMJ dispensary locations in Pennsylvania and MMJ certifications and the first study in the USA of the association between dispensary locations and qualifying conditions. We found that geographic access to MMJ dispensaries since the first dispensary opened in has consistently differed by the race and ethnic composition of Pennsylvania communities. As of January , 38 states and Washington DC have legalized MMJ, and within those states \[ 2 \], certifications have been rapidly growing \[ 21 \]. In Pennsylvania, the proportion of adults certified for MMJ increased more than sixfold from to We observed that greater access, measured by both distance and density, was associated with MMJ certifications, independent of demographic and socioeconomic composition of the population, factors that have been associated with MMJ use \[ 22 \]. These findings are consistent with other states with a longer history of MMJ legalization. Multiple studies in California, for example, support the association between MMJ proximity and demand and utilization \[ 4 — 6 \]. In addition to the growth in the population certified, Pennsylvania has increased the number of qualifying conditions since legalization in \[ 23 \]. Geographic access to MMJ dispensaries was associated with the qualifying conditions for which individuals were certified. Specifically, greater distances and a lower density of MMJ dispensaries were associated with a higher proportion of certifications for qualifying conditions with low evidence \[ 3 \] of the effectiveness of MMJ treatment. Prior studies have demonstrated that access to care for some of these qualifying conditions, including opioid use disorder \[ 24 , 25 \] and epilepsy \[ 26 \], is more limited in minority racial and ethnic groups and in low-income populations \[ 27 \]. However, even after adjusting for these factors, the association between distance, density, and certifications for low evidence conditions remained. It may be that those communities with less access to MMJ dispensaries also have less access to specialty care and treatment that was not captured in our analyses. In Oklahoma, for example, Cohn and colleagues \[ 12 \] reported that census tracts with at least one dispensary vs. Limited access to traditional health care for these conditions could motivate people living in such communities to seek MMJ as an alternative treatment option or could make clinicians more likely to certify for conditions that lack evidence supporting the use of MMJ i. Consistent with studies in California and Colorado, we did not observe an association between median income and geographic access to MMJ dispensaries \[ 13 , 14 \]. However, in Oklahoma, higher proportions of residents living poverty and uninsured were associated with geographic access to MMJ dispensaries \[ 12 \]. Differences across states could be due to how access was measured e. In Pennsylvania, we observed that ZCTAs with higher proportions of residents who were not White and residents who were Hispanic were more likely to have a MMJ dispensary within five miles. This association was independent of median income. Studies in other states have reported inconsistent findings for associations between racial and ethnic composition and geographic access to MMJ dispensaries \[ 11 , 13 , 14 \]. Better geographic access has been positively associated with higher proportions of Hispanic residents in California \[ 13 \], but not in Colorado \[ 14 \] or Oklahoma \[ 12 \]. In Colorado, there was no association between dispensary access and proportion of Black residents \[ 14 \]. Similarly, Thomas and Freisthler reported no association with proportion of Black residents in California using data from \[ 13 \]. However, after zoning restrictions were changed in , Thomas and Freisthler found that in , census tracts with more dispensaries were positively associated with the proportion of Black residents \[ 29 \]. Differences in findings across states may, in part, be due to the impact of local and state zoning laws. Pennsylvania zoning laws Act 16 for MMJ dispensaries specify that a dispensary may not operate on the same site as a facility used for growing and processing marijuana and may not be located within 1, feet of the property line of a public, private, or parochial school or a day care center \[ 30 \]. Municipalities within the state have adopted a variety of zoning ordinances regarding where MMJ dispensaries can be located \[ 31 \]. The potential benefits and harms of proximity to MMJ dispensaries are still poorly understood. For individuals with conditions for which there is evidence of the effectiveness of MMJ, such as chronic pain and chemotherapy-induced nausea, proximity may improve access to effective treatment options \[ 3 \]. However, some studies have reported that closer proximity is also associated with an increase in the number of marijuana hospitalizations \[ 16 \], crime \[ 15 \], and rates of physical abuse \[\]. Importantly, these studies demonstrate correlations, not necessarily causation. Future research should explore the impact of ordinances on geographic access to MMJ across population subgroups, and the potential benefits and harms \[ 32 \] of proximity in other states. This study had some limitations. First, this was an ecological study and is vulnerable to ecological fallacy. Thus, the findings should not be interpreted as individual-level risk factors for certifications. Second, this is a cross-sectional study and it is unknown whether the association between location and certifications is due to greater geographic access or the placement of dispensaries in response to demand. Third, in estimating the proportion of certifications for low evidence conditions, we did not classify qualifying conditions that were not assigned an evidence classification in the NASEM report e. Thus, we may be underestimating the proportion of certifications for conditions with low evidence \[ 3 \]. Finally, our measure of drive-time to the nearest dispensary did not account for traffic congestion, potentially underestimating the time to the nearest dispensary in communities with more traffic. There are multiple strengths to this novel study. We used two measures of geographic access to MMJ dispensaries, distance and density. In analyzing associations between geographic access and certifications, we adjusted for potential community-level confounders. We evaluated these associations using data from the first 4 years of MMJ in Pennsylvania, a period of rapid acceleration in MMJ dispensary growth and certifications. Our study found differences in geographic access to dispensaries by the racial and ethnic composition of communities. There may be implications to where MMJ dispensaries are located, including the proportion of individuals certified for MMJ and the qualifying conditions for which they are certified. The funder had no role in the design, data collection, data analysis, and reporting of this study. However, data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request from A. H \[ aghirsch geisinger. This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. Find articles by Annemarie G Hirsch. Find articles by Eric A Wright. Find articles by Cara M Nordberg. Find articles by Joseph DeWalle. Find articles by Elena L Stains. Find articles by Amy L Kennalley. Find articles by Joy Zhang. Find articles by Lorraine D Tusing. Find articles by Brian J Piper. Published by S. Karger AG, Basel. Open in a new tab. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel. Percent certified for insufficient evidence conditions 2 : mean SD. Model 1: unadjusted associations. Distance and density modeled separately 2. Model 2: adjusted for median income quartiled. Model 3: adjusted for race and ethnicity quartiled. Distance and density modeled separately 2,3. Distance and density modeled separately 3. Distance and density modeled separately 3,4.
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Views and practices on medical cannabis of unlicensed providers in Thailand: a qualitative study
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Views and practices on medical cannabis of unlicensed providers in Thailand: a qualitative study
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