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Monday to Thursday: — Friday to Sunday: — Amsterdam Monday to Thursday: — Friday to Sunday: — Amsterdam The Amsterdam museum is accessible for people with limited mobility. Barcelona Unfortunately, due to the nature of the Palau Mornau and the fact that it is a national monument, the Barcelona museum is not yet able to provide easy access for people with limited mobility. Children are very welcome in the museum. We only ask that children under the age of 13 are accompanied by an adult. We love animals, but with the exception of service dogs with a suitable harness, they are not allowed inside the museum. Amsterdam Read our measures for health and safety. Photography for personal use is permitted, but only without a flash and without the use of additional lighting and tripods. Professional photography and filming must be arranged in advance by sending an email to amsterdam hashmuseum. Your museum ticket includes a free audio guide, which allows you to explore the museum at your own pace. Group tours The museum organises guided tours in multiple languages. See the details of the individual locations for more information. This exhibition explores the crossover of two previously controversial topics: cannabis and tattoos. Our unique collection is on display in two locations: a canal house in downtown Amsterdam and a Modernista palace in Barcelona. Sign up to get the latest news about the museum, upcoming exhibitions and events. All Rights Reserved. CSS Status We use cookies to store data and enable important site functionality including analytics and language settings. See our privacy policy for more information. We anonymize our statistics and we only use this data to make our website better. Amsterdam Barcelona. Oudezijds Achterburgwal Buy your ticket How to get there. Free for children under 13 when accompanied by an adult. Carrer Ample Every day: — One collection Two locations. Barcelona Carrer Ample 35 Barcelona How to get there. Good to know. Amsterdam Monday to Thursday: — Friday to Sunday: — See special hours during holidays. Barcelona Every day: — See special hours during holidays. Photo: Maria Cavali. Listen to our stories Audio guide Your museum ticket includes a free audio guide, which allows you to explore the museum at your own pace. Guided tours in Amsterdam Guided tours in Barcelona. What others say Amsterdam. Mikki Norris activist for drug policy reform. The museum is very beautifully done. Sir Richard Branson investor and philanthropist. Enlightening exhibitions in a beautiful setting. Michka Seeliger-Chatelain author and publisher. An exquisite gem encapsulating the essence of cannabis. Ed Rosenthal Author and horticulturist. An educational and elating experience. A world class museum, a fitting tribute to the proud history of cannabis. Chris Conrad author and expert witness. Beautiful, inspirational, and educational. Jodie Emery civil liberties advocate. Delighted and very impressed. Howard Marks aka Mr. Nice author and activist. On display in Amsterdam until March 17th, Buy your ticket online More about this exhibition. On display in Barcelona. A comprehensive illustrated guide to the history of Cannabis. Buy your copy now More about this book. Visit the museum Join the 2. Buy your ticket Plan your visit. Your name. Email address. Yes, I have read and agree to the Privacy Policy. Our sister companies. Amsterdam Oudezijds Achterburgwal Amsterdam tickets Oudezijds Achterburgwal Barcelona tickets Carrer Ample Have a cookie We use cookies to store data and enable important site functionality including analytics and language settings. Accept Settings. Analytics We anonymize our statistics and we only use this data to make our website better.

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Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Joan Tucker and Anthony Rodriguez co-led the design of the study and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Anthony Rodriguez conducted the analyses. All authors contributed to and have approved the final manuscript. Corresponding author: Joan S. Tucker, Ph. Cannabis and tobacco co-use is a growing concern, yet little is known about its developmental course or associated outcomes during emerging adulthood. Co-use was defined as use of both cannabis and tobacco cigarettes or smokeless tobacco in the past 30 days. Trajectories of use were examined using latent growth modeling in a structural equation modeling framework. Prevalence of cannabis and tobacco co-use increased from 0. Higher average probability of co-use was associated with greater delinquency, more mental health symptoms, and poorer physical health during emerging adulthood. Higher rate of change in the probability of co-use over time was associated with greater delinquency, but better social functioning and less physical ailments. Cannabis and tobacco co-use deserves greater attention, especially regarding its effects on functioning during emerging adulthood. The past decade has witnessed an overall upward trend in the co-use of cannabis and tobacco among adults; that is, use of both substances at any point and not necessarily at the same time within a specified period such as the past month Schauer et al. Existing research indicates a high degree of overlap between cannabis and tobacco use Agrawal et al. Co-use is an important public health concern due to its association with greater nicotine and cannabis dependence Panlilio et al. Cannabis and tobacco use both increase during adolescence, reaching their highest levels by emerging adulthood Schulenberg et al. Longitudinal data on age-related differences in cannabis and tobacco co-use is needed to better understand its developmental course from adolescence to emerging adulthood. This is somewhat surprising given that epidemiological data tend to show higher rates of tobacco use among non-Hispanic white than black and Hispanic young people Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Furthermore, little attention has focused on the potential effects of co-use on functioning during emerging adulthood and whether there are disparities related to co-use. The adverse physical health effects of tobacco use, especially cigarette smoking, are well-established U. Department of Health and Human Services, , and there is also evidence for certain health risks associated with cannabis use Hall, Although more research is needed, the increasing prevalence of co-use has raised concerns that it may have additive or interactive effects, compounding health risks associated with using either product alone Meier and Hatsukami, Cannabis and tobacco co-use among adolescents and adults has also been associated with greater psychiatric disorders and psychosocial problems Peters et al. Although informative, this small and mostly cross-sectional literature has been limited in terms of areas of functioning that have been examined, assessment of disparities in use, and a lack of focus on emerging adults, the age group most at risk for co-use. This study extends research on cannabis and tobacco co-use in three important respects. Second, this study tests whether the probability of co-use, and rate of change in the probability of co-use, over the year period are associated with key indicators of functioning in emerging adulthood. Thus, to explore whether co-use of cannabis and tobacco may pose unique risks, we compare results for cannabis and tobacco co-use to those for cannabis only use and tobacco only use. E-cigarette products were not widely available or used by adolescents during the first several years of this study; as such, they were not assessed until wave 7, which precluded modeling trajectories of their use across the full study period in the present study. These cohorts were followed through 10 waves of data. Briefly, participants completed waves 1 through 5 wave 1: Fall ; wave 2: Spring ; wave 3: Fall ; wave 4: Spring ; wave 5: Spring during physical education classes at 16 middle schools. Adolescents transitioned from these middle schools to over high schools following wave 5 and were subsequently re-contacted and re-consented to complete annual web-based surveys. Demographics e. Due to considerable skew and predominance of low-frequency responses in earlier waves, responses were dichotomized to indicate any 1 vs. Participants were classified at each wave as engaging in: tobacco use, but no cannabis use ; cannabis use, but no tobacco use ; or tobacco and cannabis co-use i. To examine trajectories of cannabis and tobacco co-use, cannabis only use, and tobacco only use we estimated separate latent growth models for each type of substance use e. This framework allows change itself to serve as both an outcome and a predictor. In latent growth modeling, the model intercept represents the predicted value of the outcome when the predictor is equal to zero. Due to assessment waves being unevenly spaced across years, this was set to 4. There were 8. The intercept can be interpreted as the average probability of use i. The next step involved testing whether slope and intercept for co-use, cannabis only use, and tobacco only use were associated with functioning at wave 10 across the full sample. We used a sequelae of change model Duncan et al. The wave 10 sample was Average age was Nearly half Table 1 shows cannabis and tobacco co-use, cannabis only use, and tobacco only use from waves 1— Across the 10 waves, average cannabis and tobacco co-use ranged from 0. Initial growth models for each type of use e. Past month percentages generated with denominators from each respective wave i. In these models, the intercept represents average probability of use and slope represents change in probability of use over time, both modeled as a logistic function. Compared to white participants the reference group , average probabilities of co-use were lower for Asians and Hispanics. Further, average probability of cannabis only use and tobacco only use were both lower for Asians compared to whites. Intercept represents average probability of use. Slope represents the change in probability of use over time. The next models examined intercept and slopes of co-use, cannabis only use, and tobacco only use from Model 1 as predictors of outcomes at wave 10 Table 3 in the full sample. For emerging adult functioning, higher average probability of use was associated with more frequent delinquency co-use, cannabis, tobacco ; more mental health symptoms and poorer health co-use, tobacco ; and more physical ailments co-use. Higher rates of change in use were associated with better social functioning all substances , less physical ailments co-use , and delinquent behavior more in the case of co-use, less in the case of cannabis use. Parameter estimates for longitudinal effects of cannabis and tobacco co-use, cannabis use only, and tobacco use only at waves 1—10 on wave 10 functioning. For each model i. For the cannabis and tobacco co-use model, after controlling for corresponding trajectories intercept and slope , multiethnic participants reported greater anxiety and depression compared to whites. In addition, after controlling for co-use trajectories, Hispanic participants reported higher delinquency, poorer health, and fewer physical ailments compared to whites. We found a similar pattern for mental and physical health in the cannabis use model, and for mental health in the tobacco use model. Standardized parameter estimates. The plethora of recent literature reviews on cannabis and tobacco co-use e. Results from this year longitudinal study show that cannabis and tobacco co-use steadily increases from middle school to emerging adulthood, with a steeper increase occurring during the transition to young adulthood than during adolescence. National data indicate that cannabis and tobacco co-use peaks between the ages of 18 and 25 Schauer et al. In our sample, by age 21 nearly 1 in 10 participants reported engaging in co-use during the past 30 days. Cannabis and tobacco co-use is a fairly common form of substance use among emerging adults and highlights the importance of addressing co-use in intervention efforts with this population. Prior research has shown that young people who co-use cannabis and tobacco are more likely than those who use cannabis only to engage in delinquent and other problem behaviors such as heavy alcohol use Schauer and Peters, , driving after using cannabis Tucker et al. The present study extends this small and largely cross-sectional literature by utilizing 10 wave of data to show that individuals with a higher average probability of co-use, as well as those with a greater increase in the probability of co-use over time i. While documenting these associations is a necessary and important first step, future research should focus on better understanding why and how co-use trajectories may be associated with delinquency in emerging adulthood, including whether certain types of co-use e. Prior research has also found that cannabis and tobacco co-use among adolescents and adults is associated with poorer self-reported health Peters et al. Results from this longitudinal study shed further light on these associations by underscoring that whether or not a person co-uses over time is important in predicting poorer mental and physical health outcomes in emerging adulthood. It is worth noting that the associations of these health outcomes with co-use trajectories generally mirror those found for tobacco use only whereas few associations were found with cannabis use only. This may suggest that among those who are using both substances, tobacco use may be more strongly associated than cannabis use with adverse health outcomes. Despite higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms associated with cannabis and tobacco co-use in this study, co-use was not associated with poorer social functioning. To the contrary, a higher rate of change in co-use as well as cannabis only use and tobacco only use was associated with better social functioning in our sample of emerging adults. Social smoking is common among young people Villanti et al. Effects were concentrated within two ethnic subgroups: multiethnic and Hispanic participants. Multiethnic participants reported greater anxiety and depression compared to whites after controlling for patterns of co-use a result also found when adjusting for cannabis only use and tobacco only use , and Hispanic participants reported more delinquency and poorer health than whites after controlling for patterns of co-use. Child Trends, ; Jones and Bullock, , emphasizing the importance of addressing co-use for these particular subgroups to address disparities in health and psychosocial functioning. Of course, it may also be the case that variables not assessed in this study e. Further longitudinal research, particularly focusing on adolescents and emerging adults, is needed to identify and understand the effects of substance use on diverse groups in order to meet national priorities for reducing substance use-related disparities U. Department of Health and Human Services, In interpreting results, some limitations should be noted. Given that co-use behavior varies significantly worldwide, the use of a predominantly California-based sample limits generalizability of findings to other geographic regions. Another limitation is that we did not include vaping in the current study because we did not have data to model it across all waves. The study is also limited in that the only measure of co-use available across waves was whether participants used both substances at some point during a particular period of time in this case, the past 30 days. Although this is what is typically assessed in studies of co-use, it may obscure potentially important differences between types of co-use, such as sequential use of one substance right after the other or co-administration mixing both substances together Tucker et al. Finally, the use of dichotomized indicators of cannabis and tobacco use, while necessary for statistical analysis given the young age of the sample at earlier waves, does not allow us to account for potentially important differences between participants in frequency of using these substances. One important direction for future research is to better understand the developmental course of co-use involving other forms of administration e. Differences in how cannabis and tobacco products are used together likely has important implications for effects of co-use on functioning during adolescence and the transition to young adulthood. In addition, results indicate that cannabis and tobacco co-use may have a differential effect across subgroups of young people. We thank the districts and schools who participated and supported this project. We would also like to thank Kirsten Becker and Jennifer Parker for overseeing the data collection. Role of Funding Source. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Drug Alcohol Depend. Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. Find articles by Joan S Tucker. Find articles by Anthony Rodriguez. Find articles by Michael S Dunbar. Find articles by Eric R Pedersen. Find articles by Jordan P Davis. Find articles by Regina A Shih. Contributors: Joan Tucker and Anthony Rodriguez co-led the design of the study and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Issue date Nov 1. PMC Copyright notice. The publisher's version of this article is available at Drug Alcohol Depend. Open in a new tab. Delinquency 0. Conflict of Interest. No conflict declared. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel.

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