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On 5 October Guatemala declared a state of National Emergency and requested international support after Hurricane Stan hit the country. Ten days of continuous rain brought on by Hurricane Stan caused flooding and landslides in Guatemala where the soil was already saturated by the rainy season. To date, there are confirmed deaths, with another people listed as missing. Regarding its economic impact, this disaster ranked third in terms of percentage of previous-year GDP. An analysis at departmental level shows that the hurricane had the greatest impact in those departments with the lowest human development indices and which are home to populations with low income levels, who are often indigenous peoples. This included a humanitarian operation of EUR 0. Basic relief items like food parcels and non-food items were delivered during the first days of the emergency. Efforts to determine the damage caused by the hurricane were hindered by the rain as floods and landslides wiped out roads, making it difficult for assessment teams to reach the affected areas. Of this amount, EUR 3. Basic relief items food, water, hygiene kits, etc were distributed to the affected population who remained in public shelters and to those who were slowly returning to their homes. Medical assistance including psycho-social support was delivered to these families. Water supply was quickly restored in several communities. Several families who lost their houses were provided with temporary shelters. Some rural roads were repaired in order to re-establish access to communities that were isolated by landslides. DG ECHO partners implemented some actions aimed at restoring agricultural assets lost through the disaster. At the moment, more than 12, people remain in temporary shelters. At the peak of the emergency phase there were around 43, people. These figures do not include the families who were sheltered in houses of relatives and friends. In Guatemala, the poorest families have been hardest hit by Hurricane Stan. These families, the majority of them indigenous, lost their houses and most of their economic assets that would have allowed them to recover from this catastrophe. The Guatemalan Government recently presented their Reconstruction Plan to the international community. This plan confirms the significant gap that exists between the public resources and the actual needs in terms of rehabilitation and reconstruction. Currently, donors are analysing the request made by the Government in reconstruction terms, but few actors are focusing on the current post-emergency phase that will build the bridge between the emergency humanitarian aid and the long-term reconstruction phase. Furthermore, during a DG ECHO needs assessment mission, partners reported that some populations in the more remote areas have not been taken into account in the government assessment. Agricultural risk-prone areas were severely affected by the disaster. The hurricane affected primarily poor peasants and rural workers by washing off crop lands located on slopes and flood-prone areas. These families usually have a poor diet and very limited food reserves. As they depend on agriculture, income for food purchases is very limited as their crops were damaged. As their second source of income is generally daily wage labour, their earning possibilities were also severely reduced by the hurricane. The Guatemalan Ministry of Agriculture estimates that the hurricane has damaged an agricultural area of , hectares. In order to prevent a deterioration of the nutritional status of the most vulnerable population, these families continue to require humanitarian assistance. This kind of assistance is particularly relevant in a country where almost one out of every two children under five suffers from chronic malnutrition and any external shock immediately leads to an upsurge in acute malnutrition rates. Food assistance should be linked to rehabilitation efforts agricultural activities, housing reconstruction, training, watsan rehabilitation works and to the prevention of a decline in people's nutritional status. In line with the Food Aid Security Regulation, the EC's actions in this field shall be limited to food interventions for identified targeted groups vulnerable groups and the action to be promoted shall consist of 'non free food aid distribution mechanism' i. In addition to food distribution, it is important to help to restore livelihoods through the promotion of agriculture distribution of seeds, agricultural inputs and tools , small animal and fish activities. Economic reactivation could combine the support of traditional agricultural and livestock programmes with other economic activities like weaving, etc. These shelters need a regular provision of drinking water and basic sanitation services, together with domestic and hygiene items. The disaster that forced people to move to temporary shelters also impacted the health system in the affected areas, thus increasing the risk for already prevalent diseases such as respiratory, diarrhea and vector-born diseases. In this context, children, women and the elderly are especially vulnerable groups whose special needs must be taken into account. Preventive measures including close monitoring for epidemics should include general health assistance and psycho-social support activities, especially in the shelters. Although the damage to the water and sanitation sector only represents 1. Water provision and sanitation are always critical issues in hydro-meteorological disasters and these problems were rightly addressed by many DG ECHO partners during the emergency phase. These emergency solutions were aimed at quickly re-establishing water provision for the affected population. Although these repairs proved extremely useful during the emergency phase, they did not provide a permanent solution and these systems remain highly vulnerable to future hydrometeorological events that might occur in the next winter season. This sector provides an excellent opportunity for mainstreaming risk reduction in this post-emergency phase. Several rural communities were cut off for days and weeks until partial rehabilitation works were carried out by the machinery provided by municipalities and some NGOs. Although in theory this is a sector traditionally covered by the Central Government, rehabilitation of access to some rural communities is not always prioritised by government large-scale road reconstruction programmes. Therefore this sector might offer some opportunities for those DG ECHO partners interested in implementing small scale risk mitigation actions in the transport infrastructure at community level. The Guatemalan Government 5 has reported that over 13, houses were affected by the hurricane: 12, houses need to be rebuilt and more than 1, houses require repairs. Finding suitable risk-free land for such relocation is not an easy task in a country like Guatemala, where public land is scarce and expropriation of private land is not a politically viable option in a highly speculative market. Housing is, after transport, the sector where the Government has identified the biggest gap in terms of funding: While not targeting shelter as a major component, interventions under this decision may, as part of an integrated approach, include a shelter component. Local authorities' capacity was clearly exceeded by the magnitude of the disaster. Coordination mechanisms between the civil society and the central, departmental and municipal governmental levels did not always work properly during the emergency phase. Local authorities require external support to deal with the complexity of the rehabilitation process. Funding initiatives aimed at strengthening local governments' capacities to coordinate rehabilitation actions and to plan the reconstruction phase would be a useful input also for LRRD purposes and may be incorporated into some projects. Disaster risk reduction should be mainstreamed as much as possible in humanitarian operations, not only through the inclusion of specific disaster preparedness and mitigation activities, but also through the adoption of a risk reduction approach in the post-emergency humanitarian activities. The Decision will target around 80, people, either living in temporary shelters or who have been relocated to new sites and families, or who have returned to their homes. This Decision covers the most severely affected departments such as San Marcos, Solola, Quetzaltenango. Operations will take into account the special needs of vulnerable groups such as children, women, elderly, disabled and indigenous minorities. Priority will also be given to operations that mainstream disaster risk reduction in their rehabilitation activities as this population will most probably continue to live in disaster prone areas.

Plan ECHO Guatemala EU contribution 2019-2020

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