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This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA. Home current Explore. Words: 3, Pages: 6. Penev1, Svetoslav Zh. Georgiev2, Albena A. Пенев1, Светослав Ж. Георгиев2, Албена А. OBJECTIVE: To examine dynamically the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation duration \\\\\\\\\[email protected\\\\\\\\\] ; Mob. Over the past years there has been a growing body of evidence indicating a presence of pro-oxidant damage in patients with AF. A study in dynamics could allow researchers to seek a strong correlation between changes in oxidative status and clinical manifestation of AF. The enzymes superoxide dismutase SOD and catalase CAT are the first and most important line of antioxidant enzyme defense against pro-oxidant damage. Therefore their activity is indicative of the oxidative status of the body. Negreva et al study on middle age people The controls had no history of AF, nor did they have any electrocardiographic evidence of AF. Determination of CAT activity was performed by the method of Aebi. Choosing day 28 for an end of the observation was done on the basis of a preliminary study. Blood samples from the controls were collected only once. The resulting plasma was separated from the erythrocytes, and they were twice washed and rinsed with 1 ml of 0. As reported in the medical history of patients, the mean duration of AF episodes until hospitalization was 8. None of the patients was hospitalized after 24 hours. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate relative percentage, means, standard deviation, standard error of the means and the central tendency mode. The hypotheses were analyzed using the Student t-criterion to compare means and relative percentage parameters at a level of confidence 0. Hospitalized patients had not smoked at least hours before onset of arrhythmia. The lab tests for the controls, and those on day 28 after discharge of patients were done after a hour non-smoking interval. Hospitalized patients had not drunk alcohol at least 48 hours before onset of arrhythmia. The lab tests for the controls, and those on day 28 after discharge of patients were done after a hour nondrinking interval. The enzyme superoxide dismutase is commonly known as the main defender of the body against superoxide anion O2— and catalyses its dismutation to H2O2. It is, in its turn, neutralized by CAT by converting it to water and oxygen. Consequently, we can safely assume that the enzymatic changes we found are an adaptive response to the increased levels of O2— and H2O2. The superoxide anion is the initial reactive oxygen species ROS , which makes its dismutation by SOD to be of primary importance for every cell. It has a relatively short half-life and may transfer into a number of other ROS such as H2O2, peroxynitrite or hydroxyl anions, etc. All this causes cell damages and oxidative stress. It is difficult to determine directly the levels of free radicals because of their short half-life. Therefore, an assessment of the antioxidant defense system is a good indicator in searching oxidative stress and the increased activity of SOD and CAT is an important indirect indication of increased pro-oxidant damage. Furthermore, the disruption was detected very soon after beginning of arrhythmia 8. These results are clearly indicative of increased production of ROS even after the arrhythmia episode. At day 28 there was still a downward trend to normalization of the studied parameters and the values for SOD activity did not differ any longer from those in the controls, while CAT activity was still high. The restoration of the sinus rhythm is associated with a reduction of the oxidative stress. Studying the antioxidant system in dynamics shows that the increased levels of ROS in patients with PAF and, therefore, the consequences that are a result of them, are not incidental in the clinical course of arrhythmia. It is known that ROS are implicated in the modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamilies such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 kinase. These, in their turn, induce the development of atrial fibrosis. This slows down the conduction of electrical impulses and enables the occurrence of re-entry mechanisms of excitation in the atrial myocardium and the initiation of AF. This specific dynamics allows us to conclude that the changes in the oxidative status are closely related to the disease and are probably a part of the intimate initiation mechanisms and the clinical course. Moreover, these results clearly argue for an antioxidant treatment to become part of the therapeutic strategy in atrial fibrillation. Epidemiology and economic burden of atrial fibrillation. US Cardiology ;4 1 Savelieva I, Camm J. Update on atrial fibrillation: Part I. Clin Cardiol ; Oxidative stress markers are associated with persistent atrial fibrillation. Clin Chem ;53 9 The predictive value of inflammatory and oxida- tive markers following the successful cardioversion of persistent lone atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol ; 3 Exp Toxicol Pathol ;63 3 Polymorphisms and functional activity in superoxide dismutase and catalase genes in smokers with COPD. Eur Respir J ;30 4 Antioxidant defense system and family environment in adolescents with family history of psychosis. BMC Psychiatry ; Russo AJ. Proteamics Insights ; World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Effectiveness of intravenous propafenone for conversion of recentonset atrial fibrillation: a placebo controlled study. Bianconi L, Mennuni M. Comparison between propafenone and digoxin administered intravenously to patients with acute atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol ; Beauchamp C, Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal Biochem ; Aebi M. In: Methoden der enzymatischen Analyse. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag; Markers of oxidative stress during diabetes mellitus. J Biomark ; Article ID , 8 pages. Menvuelle-Bourg FJ. Superoxide dismutase SOD , a powerful antioxidant, is now available orally. Phytotherapy ; Reactive oxygen species: from health to disease. Swiss med Wkly ;w Nordberg J, Arner ES. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the mammalian thioredoxin system. Free Radic Biol Med ;31 11 A comparative study between synovial superoxide dismutase per oxidation marker and the severity of knee osteoarthritis. Int J Pharm Sci Invent ;2 1 Oxidative stress: a possible pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. Med Hypotheses ;72 4
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