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Very very cool tripreport. You should definitely visit Rijeka. A great, lively and cultural city with its own charm. There are many beautiful or even more beautiful cities in Croatia, but Rijeka is the best for me. How did you purchase all these tickets? How many different booking references did you have? Love reading your reports especially this one where you mentioned Zadar, which is reviewed all to rarely here. I wonder how do you find out the names of all villages you fly over? And of September is not really summer. I would have expected Osijek-Dubrovnik to have even fewer passengers. Very well and quite professionally presented report Good job!! Post a Comment EX-YU Aviation News does not tolerate insults, excessive swearing, racist, homophobic or any other chauvinist remarks or provocative posts with the intention of creating further arguments. A full list of comment guidelines can be found here. Thank you for your cooperation. For the second half of my holiday, I planned to explore Dubrovnik and Zadar. It is not easy to reach Osijek city centre from Osijek Airport, as the shuttle bus service was temporarily suspended, with no information on when it might be reinstated. The only way to get to Osijek is by calling a taxi, which I did. It takes about 10 minutes for the taxi to arrive, and to my surprise, it is a shared taxi that holds four passengers: a young couple, a middle-aged lady, and me. We drive through the expansive lowlands of the Pannonian Plain. After crossing the city limits, we pass a peculiar monument featuring a red Fiat and a tank. The young couple discuss it between themselves, but I have no idea what they are talking about. My four-day plan to explore Slavonija was reduced to visiting Osijek, when the rain subsided enough to allow me to explore the city. My hotel is located in the Upper Town, which serves as the starting point of my sightseeing. In the eastern part of the Old Town lies Tvrdja Citadel , known for having the best-preserved Baroque buildings in the country. It is described as a unique example of an eighteenth-century Baroque military, administrative, and commercial urban centre. Today, it is a complex of squares, cobbled streets, defensive walls, and buildings that are worth exploring, even when the weather is less than favourable. Later, I walk to the city centre along the embankment of the Drava River until I reach the Osijek Hotel, where I make a U-turn and return to the Old Town, passing a string of well-preserved Secession-style buildings along Europska Avenija. I promise myself that I will return to Osijek to better explore the city and Slavonija. OU Osijek - Dubrovnik. It's a nice morning today. The rain has finally gone, and the sun is shining over Osijek. I picked the wrong time for my visit to Slavonija and managed to do very little from my list due to the rainy weather over the past four days. The only way to get to Osijek airport is by car, so in my case, a taxi is the only option. I even downloaded the mobile app of a taxi company to make ordering a taxi as smooth as possible. The taxi is ordered, and I wait for the pickup. After a few minutes, the driver calls me and asks if I can speak Croatian. When I say no, we continue in English. He tells me he will arrive in 10 minutes due to traffic in the city. After another few minutes, he calls again to confirm he should arrive in 5 minutes, but he cannot enter the Old Town area and asks if I can wait somewhere outside of it. I quickly move to the corner of Europska Avenija and Istarska Ulica and inform the driver of my location. In a few minutes, my taxi arrives. The ride to the airport goes by quickly as we chat about my holiday in Croatia, the city, and some general topics. The taxi drops me off in front of the terminal building. Through the glass partition, I notice more passengers gathering inside the departure area, and I assume the check-in must now be open. Indeed, it is. There is no queue, and in no time, my bag is tagged for Dubrovnik, and I receive my boarding pass. After 10 minutes, the area opens. First, my boarding pass is scanned and cross-checked with my ID, and then I go through security. Everything is done in no time. Inside the departure lounge, I take a seat and look around. It feels like a time capsule, giving a vintage impression of what domestic travel might have looked like in Yugoslav times. At , the aircraft arrives on the tarmac. Just over 20 minutes later, at , the airport staff opens the door and announces the start of boarding. No additional boarding pass check is carried out, as it was already done before security. The walk to the aircraft is short. Inside, I am greeted by a mixed cabin crew of two and move towards the rear of the plane. I notice that my seat, 18A, is taken, so I move to the empty row 20 and take seat 20A. The interior of the The doors are closed, the cabin crew completes all pre-departure procedures, and after a short taxi, we take off towards the city of Vinkovci. In economy class, the onboard service is limited to a glass of still or sparkling water. Later, I decide to take a copy home for inspiration for my trip to Tirana in June next year. The remainder of the flight is smooth. At , the captain informs the cabin crew about the upcoming landing. After disembarking the aircraft via the built-in steps, we are bussed to the main terminal building. At belt 1, I collect my bag and then go to the stand to buy a bus ticket to the city center. I can never get enough of Dubrovnik; no wonder tourist brochures call it 'the pearl of the Adriatic. Dubrovnik, along with Stockholm and Lisbon, is one of my favorite places in Europe, and one day I would like to visit all three in one trip. Perhaps one day I will move to Dubrovnik to enjoy living in Croatia at a slower pace. OU Dubrovnik - Zagreb. After a heavy rain and thunderstorm that disrupted air traffic over Dubrovnik, the clouds have now cleared. Intrigued by the name, I quickly look him up and find that he was a true polymath: a physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, and theologian from the Republic of Ragusa. Check-in is already open. I check the display boards to see which desk I should report to desk 7. There is already a queue, but I notice that two more desks have been assigned for the flight, though they aren't listed on the board: 8 economy and 9 business. In front of me is a Korean family of three traveling to Zagreb, so the check-in process goes smoothly, as does the security check via fast track. So, why not treat myself to a business-class flight? Today, the lounge is quite busy, but I manage to find a seat. The selection of food and beverages is average, with no hot food available. There are small sandwiches tuna, chicken, turkey, and veggie , a tuna salad, some sweets, a limited selection of fresh fruits, and hot or cold beverages, including alcoholic ones, most of which are Croatian. Boarding for flight OS to Vienna begins, and some passengers leave the lounge, freeing up tables near the window. With some time to spare, I start typing this report. Then, out of the corner of my eye, I see the arrival of the 9. At , boarding is announced via the airport speakers at gate It takes me a few minutes to get down two floors, and when I arrive, the gate has been corrected. After scanning my boarding pass, I board a bus, which quickly fills up with an international crowd of passengers. Once the bus is full, we drive to the aircraft. There are two doors for boarding the aircraft. The second bus arrives, bringing the rest of the passengers. Inside, I am greeted by the mixed cabin crew and take my assigned seat, 1A. Today's flight is full, and even in business class, all the seats are taken. Boarding is soon completed, the doors are closed, and the safety demo is presented in Croatian and English. After reaching cruising altitude, a member of the cabin crew offers onboard service. This month, business class passengers receive a set of 'Okusi Kvarnera' Flavors of Kvarner Region with a selection of non-alcoholic and alcoholic beverages. In addition to the snack box, I receive a refreshing towel, a set of cutlery wrapped in a tissue, and a cup. Meanwhile, we re-enter Croatian airspace near the village of Veliki Obljaj, turn over the village of Gradec Pokupski, and head towards Zagreb. At , the captain informs the cabin crew that we are in the final stages of our approach to Zagreb Airport. Five minutes later, we arrive at our destination. After disembarking, buses take us to the arrivals terminal. Most passengers proceed to the luggage reclaim area, but some, including me, head to the departure hall. OU Zagreb - Zadar. I have almost four hours until my next flight, so I head to the business class lounge Primeclass Lounge located on Level 2 in the Schengen departures area. The interior is pleasant and cozy. There is a self-service buffet offering one hot dish, along with a selection of snacks, soft drinks, and alcoholic beverages. In my opinion, the food and drink selection is similar to that of the Adriatic lounge in Dubrovnik, with the exception of the hot dish served here. Today, the dish is spaghetti with Bolognese sauce. The pasta is cooked 'al dente,' but the sauce could use more tomatoes, though it's still fine. Boarding is scheduled for Around that time, I leave the lounge and head to the level where gates are located. From my experience, these gates are mostly used for flights where passengers are bussed to the aircraft. There are approximately 52 passengers on this flight. After my boarding pass is scanned, I board the bus outside. We wait over 10 minutes until all the passengers are on board, and then we drive to the aircraft. Today's flight is operated by a The cabin crew, consisting of two female flight attendants, greets the passengers, and the captain apologizes for the delayed departure due to some late-arriving transfer passengers. The doors are soon closed, the passengers are given safety instructions in Croatian and English , and after taxiing, we take off. In the meantime, I receive a set of Kvarner snacks, and I order a glass of white wine and a glass of Coke Zero. I know, dream on…. At , the cabin crew announces our upcoming landing and performs the final cabin check in preparation for touchdown. After passing the village of Lun on the island of Pag, we make a sharp turn and fly along the island before landing at Zadar Airport. After taxiing, the aircraft is parked near the main terminal building, and approximately 22 passengers disembark via the built-in steps, gathering around the plane while waiting for hand luggage to be offloaded. We are then allowed to cross the tarmac. Soon after, we depart, and 20 minutes later, I get off at the main bus station in Zadar, which is only an 8-minute walk from my hotel. The town of Zadar, located in Northern Dalmatia, stands on a narrow peninsula. Chrysogonus on horseback. After passing through it, I enter the maze of narrow, cobbled streets of Old Zadar. The adjacent Katedrala sv. The blowing wind passes through tubes located underneath a set of large marble steps. After dark, the illuminated floor becomes a dance floor. OU Zadar - Zagreb. Today is Sunday, the last day of my holiday. As usual, holidays are too short, and I wish I could stay a few days longer in Zadar. After checking out, I walk to the Zadar bus station, located just a few minutes away. I realize this when no bus arrives at After 15 minutes, the desk is still not open. I find it odd that over 60 minutes before the scheduled departure, the assigned desk remains closed. There are some airport staff at desks , assigned to Lufthansa flights desks and Croatia Airlines business class desk 6. I ask the staff at desk 4 if I can check in for the flight to Zagreb. After a quick 5-minute security check, I take a seat in the busy departure hall. Just after , boarding is announced for my flight at gate 1. There are approximately 21 passengers booked for the flight. After checking my boarding pass and photo ID, we gather outside the terminal building, waiting for all arriving passengers from Lufthansa flight LH from Munich to reach the arrival hall. Inside the I take my assigned seat, 17A. Boarding is soon completed, the doors are closed, and the cabin crew two female attendants conducts the standard safety demo in Croatian and English. The engines are switched on, but at , they are switched off again as the captain announces that they need to restart some software, which will take 15 minutes. In the meantime, the cabin crew offers all passengers a cup of water. At , the engines are restarted, and everything seems to work fine this time. During the short flight, only a cup of water is served, and I spend my time reading an article about Osijek, which I plan to revisit. At , the seatbelt signs are turned on, and the cabin crew prepares the cabin for landing. After passing Karlovac, we make a right turn before the final approach to Zagreb Airport, where we land with a minute delay. We are taken to the terminal building by bus. LO Zagreb - Warsaw. I need to move quickly to find out from which gate the afternoon flight to Warsaw is departing. It's gate I check the current status of flight LO from Warsaw to Zagreb, and indeed, it is delayed. Finally, at , the A few minutes before , boarding starts at the assigned gate. It seems this flight will be busy, judging by the long queue at the gate. Once the queue shrinks, I approach the gate where my boarding pass is scanned and cross-checked with my photo ID. Then, I hear a beep, and out of the corner of my eye, I see the note 'seating issue' on the display screen. I glance at the card and it says 'business class. A nice surprise at the end of my holiday! As I settle comfortably into my seat, a member of the cabin crew offers me a welcome drink. I order still water. The cabin crew then prepares for the safety demo, conducted in Polish and English, followed by a pre-recorded message in Croatian. After reaching cruising altitude, the cabin crew begins onboard service. The crew also offers bread to accompany the meal. The meal is delicious and nicely served on real china with proper cutlery. Time in business class seems to pass faster than in economy. It feels as if the 'privilege class' bends the curvature of space-time, speeding up time in front of the curtain While reading an article about the Wonders of Poland and sipping a bottle of Pierre Larousse Blanc de Blancs Brut ml , the cabin crew offers me some nibbles: cashew nuts 15 g and pumpkin seeds in dark chocolate 15 g , which taste amazing. I want to say, 'Remain in the magical moment, don't wake me up After disembarking via the air bridge, I collect my luggage at belt 3 and catch a bus home. October 20, Anonymous JSG

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These datasets underpin the analysis presented in the agency's work. Most data may be viewed interactively on screen and downloaded in Excel format. All countries. Topics A-Z. The content in this section is aimed at anyone involved in planning, implementing or making decisions about health and social responses. Best practice. We have developed a systemic approach that brings together the human networks, processes and scientific tools necessary for collecting, analysing and reporting on the many aspects of the European drugs phenomenon. Explore our wide range of publications, videos and infographics on the drugs problem and how Europe is responding to it. All publications. More events. More news. We are your source of drug-related expertise in Europe. We prepare and share independent, scientifically validated knowledge, alerts and recommendations. About the EUDA. The national focal point was set-up in by Government Decree and it is led by the Head of the Sector for controlled substances within the Ministry of Health. The Sector coordinates the work of the Inter-ministerial committee to combat drugs, presents bi-annual progress reports to the Mini Dublin Group and prepares information for the European Commission as part of the process of bringing the country closer to the EU practices. To date, no survey on drug use among the general population has been conducted. In total, first- and second-grade classes students born in , and turning 16 years old at the time of survey from 68 public secondary schools took part in the survey. The most recent survey Currie et al. Based on the frequency of use, four user groups were defined as follows 1 :. Experimenters: those who have used cannabis 1—2 times in the last 12 months. Regular users: those who have used cannabis 3—39 times in the past 12 months. Heavy users: those who have used cannabis 40 times or more in the past 12 months. Drug demand reduction is one of the pillars of the National Drugs Strategy of the Republic of Macedonia — In the National Prevention Programme, prepared by the state Inter-ministerial Commission for the Control of Drugs, was also adopted. The Programme supports a comprehensive approach to drug prevention and unites the efforts of all relevant ministries — the Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Welfare and Social Policy, Ministry of Justice and Ministry of Interior. The Programme provides for the decentralisation of implementation to the level of local governments, in close partnerships with non-governmental organisations NGOs. Universal prevention activities are mainly implemented through schools. The Ministry of Education and Science has implemented activities to inform students, teachers and parents and programmes that support activities to help people to adopt healthy lifestyles, and has also strengthened international cooperation on these issues. In total, 2 pupils and 41 teachers participated in the preventive workshops in In addition, information documents on alcohol and cannabis were prepared, printed and distributed in the schools. In training on the early detection of psychoactive substance use among school students and interventions for change was organised for school professionals. It included primary school students aged 10—14 and their parents. The programme was implemented in seven consecutive sessions, initially for children and parents separately, and subsequently for both groups together. This definition specifically includes regular or long-term use of prescribed opioids such as methadone, but does not include their rare or irregular use, or the use of ecstasy or cannabis. In various methods expert opinions, census, capture—recapture and multiplier methods were used to estimate the prevalence of injecting drug use in five cities, including Skopje. The national focal point NFP calculated estimates multiplier method based on treatment and syringe and needle exchange programmes, police contacts and drug-related deaths of the number of problem drug users, mainly opiate users, for the country. The size of the injecting heroin user population based on the estimates from this study was found to be about 8 This figure corresponds to a rate of 1. In a total of 1 patients of which 78 were female were on opioid substitution treatment OST with methadone, according to data from state substitution treatment centres. OST with buprenorphine is only provided by the University Clinic for Toxicology Chibisev and Simonovska, ; it reported a total of patients of which 23 were female in During some patients 16 female started OST with buprenorphine, and 53 patients left the programme. In some new patients 10 females started OST with buprenorphine, while 39 left the programme. The average age of those who started OST with buprenorphine was Additional information regarding acute intoxication is available from the University Clinic for Toxicology. During it reported 11 cases of acute cannabis intoxication, 3 of ecstasy, 27 of methadone, 15 of heroin, 6 of cocaine and 12 of narcotic analgesics Chibisev and Simonovska, North Macedonia is a low HIV prevalence country and has reported the lowest number of HIV positive cases so far among the countries in the south-eastern European region. The first death from AIDS was registered in In the Institute of Public Health registered the largest annual number of people infected with HIV at 20 15 men and 5 women. Among them, one is a 6-year-old child, the first child reported in the last 17 years. Of these 20 newly registered cases, 12 were already registered with AIDS stage of a disease. As a consequence, the number of deaths related to AIDS has dropped by almost 2. This reduction in mortality highlights the benefits of antiretroviral therapy, the network of voluntary testing and counselling and other surveillance, prevention and treatment activities Ministry of Health, HIV testing has been available in North Macedonia since The number of tests performed increased from in to 18 in In some drug users including 86 female underwent voluntary counselling and testing. No HIV cases were detected. According to the Institute of Public Health Kuzmanovska, , the total number of hepatitis B virus HBV patients in was 98 male and 56 female , while in there were male and 82 female. The total number of hepatitis C virus HCV patients in was 76 60 male and 16 female , while in there were male and 48 female. The University Nephrology Clinic reported 62 patients including 28 female with HCV in and 56 including 26 female in The report does not have information on links with injecting drug use among the patients. There were 76 cases of HCV in , and 42 in Of these, 96 had chronic infection and 46 had acute infection. In there were male and 50 female patients with HBV infection, of which had chronic infection and 47 had acute infection. The total number of patients infected with HCV was 76 in 60 male and 16 female , and in male and 48 female. In some 48 patients were treated for infectious diseases. There is no information on links with injecting drug use among the patients. In there were 14 drug-related deaths including 1 female , and in there were 18 5 females. In the youngest person to die from overdose was 18 years old, while the oldest was In the youngest person was 17, and the oldest was In the majority of DRDs were aged 25—29 In the majority of DRDs were aged 35—41 In four deaths were linked to opiate overdose, and nine to methadone in four cases it was in combination with benzodiazepines, but in the remaining cases only methadone. One death was identified as being due to cocaine intoxication. In the majority of DRDs Data analysis by the national focal point shows changing patterns in DRDs and the number of drug-related deaths and an increase in the number of drug-related deaths among females in the most recent years. While the most common cause of death was overdose with heroin for the years —10, figures for and indicate that methadone has become the most prevalent opioid detected alone or combination with other psychoactive substances in drug-related deaths. However, low autopsy rates and limited forensic toxicological examinations make it difficult to assess and interpret the actual number of drug-related deaths in the country. At the national level, drug-related treatment is provided by different systems of health, social and civil society organisations NGOs. Drug-related treatment is available within the framework of the public health national service network, making the public sector the leading actor in drug-related medically assisted treatment. Four private psychiatric services have also recently started offering treatment. The national treatment system includes outpatient and inpatient treatment, detoxification and substitution maintenance treatment. The majority of treated drug users receive outpatient treatment, where opioid substitution treatment, psychosocial interventions, individual or group counselling and social and psychotherapy are offered. Inpatient drug treatment consists of psychosocial interventions, pharmacologically assisted in terms of withdrawal treatment. Detoxification treatment may take place in inpatient or outpatient settings. Treatment for drug users is available nationwide. The University Clinic for Toxicology consists of several units: intensive care, detoxification, an outpatient unit for drug addicts with a counselling centre, diagnostic cabinets, a toxicological laboratory, and a toxicological information centre. The information centre provides advice on procedures, diagnosis and treatment for poisoning cases, and also advises drug users. The Clinic provides treatment for acute intoxications with opioids and other drugs, treatment of somatic complications, which are a consequence of long-term use of opioids and other drugs, clinical examination of drug addicts, serological screenings for HBV, HCV and HIV, treatment of withdrawal syndrome, and detoxification. Methadone was first used as a substitution substance in , and it remains the main substance prescribed for substitution maintenance treatment. Buprenorphine, which was introduced in at the University Clinic for Toxicology, is also used in detoxification and substitution treatment. The cost of the buprenorphine programme is met by the Government. Idrizovo Prison has had a methadone maintenance treatment centre since It has a bed medical facility where people who are addicted to drugs can be treated alongside other patients. Its biochemistry laboratory is able to perform screening tests for the presence of psychoactive substances in urine. Prisoners in other prisons are also receiving methadone substitution therapy, in cooperation with local treatment centres and with the University Clinic for Toxicology for buprenorphine. In some of the 2 prisoners registered on 31 December were drug users; of them were on a substitution maintenance programme with methadone and 17 prisoners were on treatment with buprenorphine. In approximately of 2 prisoners were drug users. In Idrizovo Prison of 1 prisoners were drug users in Of these, were on methadone maintenance treatment and five received buprenorphine based treatment. Harm reduction activities aim to reduce mortality and morbidity among drug users. The number of people in the country who inject drugs has increased substantially over the past decade. Harm reduction activities are implemented through a nationwide network of needle and syringe exchange programmes using outreach work, and in drug help centres. The centres also offer first aid and social care services in emergency cases. Needle and syringe exchange programmes offer basic medical services, treatment of wounds, voluntarily counselling and testing for HIV, case management and legal services. Harm reduction programmes needle exchange, opioid substitution therapy, counselling and support centres in Skopje in had contact with clients. The total number of contacts in was 12 In four harm reduction programmes in Skopje distributed needles, syringes and 14 condoms. The Skopje programmes delivered 14 medical services, mainly basic medical interventions, counselling and education for drugs and the consequences of drug use, information for treatment and referral to treatment. Social workers in Skopje delivered 5 services, most of which were related to: obtaining identification documents and other personal documents e. Of the newly registered drug users in harm reduction programmes in Skopje, 92 Heroin use only was reported by 32 In the country as a whole, 14 harm reduction programmes had contact with 2 clients during , of which were new clients. Among new clients, The total number of contacts in was 38 In a total of needles, syringes and 95 condoms were distributed. In these 14 programmes delivered 41 medical services, most of which were basic medical interventions, counselling and education about drugs and the consequences of drug use, and information about treatment and referral to treatment. Social workers delivered 25 services, most of which were related to: obtaining identification documents and other personal documents e. Heroin use only was reported by Regarding the predominant route of administration of drugs, of new clients North Macedonia is on the Balkan drug trafficking route. South-west Asia, mainly Afghanistan, remains the main source for heroin. There has been a noticeable increase in the trafficking of cannabis via North Macedonia in recent years. The main route of cannabis and its derivatives is from Albania, through the north-western to the south-eastern part of the country towards Greece and Bulgaria. Heroin comes most often from Turkey, Bulgaria or Greece towards Albania or Serbia, cocaine is taken by air via Skopje airport or by sea to ports in Albania and Bulgaria, but synthetic drugs come most frequently from Bulgaria and Serbia. The data from the Ministry of Justice indicate that people were charged against Article and against Article of the Criminal Code in The impact of the opium crop failure in Afghanistan on the major illicit markets for opiates was reflected in a general decrease in seizures in , and a heroin shortage was observed in some European countries in — Although large quantities of heroin continued to be trafficked along the main Balkan route leading from Afghanistan to western and central Europe via south-eastern Europe, declining seizures were reported in most of the countries in these regions in UNODC, Turkey also reported a substantial decline in the amount seized in ; this needs to be understood in the context of earlier interdiction activities that appear to have disrupted the heroin market in parts of Europe EMCDDA, There has been a general decrease in seizures between —12 in North Macedonia. There are indications that alongside with the decrease in seizures there was some shortage in supply, which has encouraged users in to replace heroin with other substances such as methadone, benzodiazepines and Tramadol. In addition to the seized controlled substances listed in Table 1, in around ml and 1 tablets of illicit methadone were seized in North Macedonia. According to data from the Ministry of Interior, the street prices of heroin ranged from EUR 5—8 for 0. The price of marijuana ranged from EUR 2. The Criminal Code, Articles and , regulates the unauthorised production and release for trade of narcotics, psychotropic substances and precursors as well as enabling the taking of narcotics, psychotropic substances and precursors. The possession of narcotic drugs for personal use is not allowed in accordance with the Criminal Code. Furthermore, a person who induces another to take narcotics, psychotropic substances and precursors, or who gives narcotics, psychotropic substances and precursors to another for this person or someone else, or who makes available premises for the taking of narcotics, psychotropic substances and precursors, or in some other way enables another to take narcotics, psychotropic substances and precursors, shall be punished with imprisonment of three months to five years. If the crime is committed toward a juvenile, or toward several persons, or if it causes especially severe consequences, the offender shall be punished with imprisonment of one to 10 years. The strategy for the socialisation and social adaptation of convicts for —12 also sets out special measures to improve access to drug treatment programmes in prisons. The law for the control of precursors introduces a system of monitoring and control of licit trade and control of precursors, with the aim of preventing smuggling and the diversion of precursor from licit to illicit channels. The overall objectives of the law are the protection of human health and the environment from the harmful effects of some precursors. Because one part of the precursors is made up of chemicals and one part of active medical ingredients, the whole framework of control of precursors has been amended with the adoption of two new laws, for the control of chemicals and on medicinal products and medical devices, all of which were harmonised with EU legislative instruments in In addition to the control of precursors listed in the UN Convention of , the law on chemicals is important for controlling the substances included in the Limited International Special Surveillance List. The National Drugs Strategy of the Republic of Macedonia —12 was adopted in December , and is in line with the European Union drug strategy — The principles, goals and priorities established by the national drug strategy are elaborated further in the pre-implementation drug action plan —08, and a national drug action plan — The action plan works towards an efficient, coordinated and multidisciplinary approach to the fight against drug abuse, undertaking measures for: increasing the awareness and knowledge of the general public about the controlled psychoactive substances that cause addiction; the prevention of use of psychoactive substances, especially among young people; encouraging healthy lifestyles; the protection of the family; reducing health and social drug-related consequences; including all sectors of society in the activities related to the fight against drug abuse. In May the evaluation of the National Drugs Strategy of the Republic of Macedonia —12 was initiated by the national focal point NFP using multiple techniques, tools and cross-analysis of quantitative and qualitative data from different data sources. The NFP implemented an anonymous survey using a questionnaire that was applied for the evaluation of the EU strategy, but adapted to the national context. The questionnaire was sent to 80 representatives of governmental institutions ministries that have drug-related activities in their plans , non-governmental institutions, treatment centres for drug addiction, University Clinic of Toxicology, the Clinic for infectious diseases, public health institutes and centres, medical centres, international organisations, private drug addiction treatment centres and others. Approximately A field survey was carried out with respondents from 20 cities across the country, using a standard questionnaire adapted to the national situation, by the national focal point, the Sector for Controlled Substances, Bureau for Medicines, Ministry of Health and the Bureau for Public Security, Ministry of Interior. The survey provided data on socio-demographic characteristics, drug use patterns of the respondents and their friends, the prices of drugs and their purchase patterns, and the perceived availability of drug Petrushevska et al. The study concluded that there is a need to further increase the level of knowledge and awareness about the harmful effects of drugs as well as to strengthen intersectoral action at all levels school, family, health and social services, police in order to promote the health of young people. Moreover, the findings suggested a need to implement prevention programmes not only in the educational system, but also at the community and for vulnerable young people in correctional facilities and children who are outside the educational system. Such programmes should focus on increasing awareness and building healthy lifestyles, and should begin in elementary school. The survey also indicated that there is a changing pattern in heroin use in some locations from injecting to sniffing using a foil, which may indicate the positive impact of harm reduction interventions in the field of safer drug use, implemented for a number of years in the country. The Bureau of Medicines, Ministry of Health, carries out the expert and administrative work related to the tasks of the commission. The NFP is led by the head of the sector for controlled substances within the Pharmaceutical Agency at the Ministry of Health and is located in the premises of the Ministry of Health. Most of the ministries and institutions involved in drug-related issues provide data to the NFP. The Directorate for the Prevention of Money Laundering, as an administrative part of the Ministry of Finance, is responsible for financial intelligence, collecting, evaluating, analysing and keeping data for activities connected with the prevention of both money laundering and the financing of terrorism. The Agency for Freezing and Confiscating Properties, in collaboration with the responsible judicial division, is responsible for: governance of confiscated properties to protect their value; holding confiscated properties; preparing statistical reports; and selling or destroying confiscated properties for example, burning seized narcotic drugs. Chalovska Ivanovska, V. Chibisev, A. Currie, C. Kuzmanovska, G. Milenkovic, Z. Petrusevska, Lj. Todorovski, V. Shikole, A. This overview has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Tatjana Petrusevska, Pharm. It is defined as the value of all goods and services produced less the value of any goods or services used in their creation. Unemployed persons comprise those aged 15—74 who were: a without work during the reference week; b currently available for work; c actively seeking work. Homepage Quick links Quick links. GO Results hosted on duckduckgo. Main navigation Data Open related submenu Data. Latest data Prevalence of drug use Drug-induced deaths Infectious diseases Problem drug use Treatment demand Seizures of drugs Price, purity and potency. Drug use and prison Drug law offences Health and social responses Drug checking Hospital emergencies data Syringe residues data Wastewater analysis Data catalogue. Selected topics Alternatives to coercive sanctions Cannabis Cannabis policy Cocaine Darknet markets Drug checking Drug consumption facilities Drug markets Drug-related deaths Drug-related infectious diseases. Recently published Findings from a scoping literature…. Penalties at a glance. Frequently asked questions FAQ : drug…. FAQ: therapeutic use of psychedelic…. Viral hepatitis elimination barometer…. EU Drug Market: New psychoactive…. EU Drug Market: Drivers and facilitators. Statistical Bulletin home. Quick links Search news Subscribe newsletter for recent news Subscribe to news releases. Breadcrumb Home Publications North Macedonia. North Macedonia: A summary of the national drug situation. Please note: this content is now considered archived and provided here for information purposes only. For more recent information, please see the North Macedonia partners page. Last update: September On this page: Our partner in North Macedonia Drug use among the general population and young people Prevention Problem drug use Treatment demand Drug-related infectious diseases Drug-induced deaths and mortality among drug users Treatment responses Harm reduction responses Drug markets and drug-law offences National drug laws National drug strategy Coordination mechanism in the field of drugs References Background information Key national figures and statistics National publications Additional sources of national information Our partner in North Macedonia Ministry of Health '50 Divizija' No 14 1 Skopje North Macedonia Tel. Drug use among the general population and young people To date, no survey on drug use among the general population has been conducted. The study found: 5. Inhalant use is rare, and usually those who use inhalants only do so once or twice. Some 1. More female students It should be noted that medical prescriptions of tranquillisers have doubled since The use of cannabis has declined since and remains low compared to the other European countries. Use of marijuana remains more popular among male students. The use of other illicit drugs was similar to in In general, male students used more drugs than female students. Students usually had their first experience of drugs at the age of 14 or The percentage of female users in each of the defined user groups was close to zero. Top of page Prevention Drug demand reduction is one of the pillars of the National Drugs Strategy of the Republic of Macedonia — Selective and indicative prevention activities have not yet been implemented in the country. Top of page Treatment responses At the national level, drug-related treatment is provided by different systems of health, social and civil society organisations NGOs. Top of page Harm reduction responses Harm reduction activities aim to reduce mortality and morbidity among drug users. Top of page Drug markets and drug-law offences North Macedonia is on the Balkan drug trafficking route. Top of page National drug laws The main legislative instruments for drug-related issues are: law for narcotic drugs; national drug strategy; national drug strategy implementation action plan; law for precursors; rule of laws for law for precursor; customs law; law for criminal procedures; code of conduct; law for tracing communications; law for dealing with and freezing confiscated properties in criminal cases; law for preventing money laundering from criminal offences; law for health evidence. The law for narcotic drugs elaborates: the prevention and suppression of the abuse of narcotic drugs, and psychotropic substances; the prevention of illegal production and trade of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and plants that can be used to produce narcotic drugs, and substances that can be used to produce narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances; the protection of human life and health, and control of narcotic drugs, and psychotropic substances. Top of page National drug strategy The National Drugs Strategy of the Republic of Macedonia —12 was adopted in December , and is in line with the European Union drug strategy — The National Drugs Strategy of the Republic of Macedonia —12 sets out two general aims: Attainment of a high level of health protection, well-being and social cohesion by complementing action in preventing and reducing drug use, dependence and drug-related harms to health and society. To ensure a high level of security for the general public by taking action against drug production, cross-border trafficking in drugs and diversion of precursors, and by intensifying preventive action against drug-related crime. Focus groups with 45 members of the police in Skopje, Tetovo and Bitola were also conducted. Working group Tatjana Petrusevska, Pharm. Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Macedonia. Customs Administration of the Republic of Macedonia. Ministry of Education and Science. Administration for the execution of sanctions on the condition and operation of the criminal and correctional institutions in the Republic Macedonia. Institute of Public Health. Institute of Forensic Medicine, Bitola. Institute of Forensic Medicine, Tetovo. Public treatment centres. Private psychiatric institutions for the treatment of drug addiction. Needle and syringe exchanging programmes operated by NGOs. NGO contact. Top of page Key national figures and statistics 1 Gross domestic product GDP is a measure of economic activity.

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