Buy coke online in Aswan
Buy coke online in AswanBuy coke online in Aswan
__________________________
📍 Verified store!
📍 Guarantees! Quality! Reviews!
__________________________
▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼
▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲
Buy coke online in Aswan
Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License , which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. The present study was performed to examine the effects of chronic soft drink consumption SDC on oxidative stress, biochemical alterations, gene biomarkers and histopathology of bone, liver and kidney. Free drinking water of adult male Wistar rats was substituted with three different soft drinks: Coca-Cola, Pepsi and 7-Up, for three consecutive months. The serum and organs were collected for examining the biochemical parameters associated with bone, liver and kidney functions. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to observe the changes in the expression of genes in the liver and kidney, which are associated with oxidative stress resistance. Histopathological investigations were performed to determine the changes in bone, liver and kidney tissues using hematoxylin and eosin stains. SDC affected liver, kidney and bone function biomarkers. Soft drinks increased oxidative stress, which is represented by an increase in malondialdehyde and a decrease in antioxidant levels. SDC affected serum mineral levels, particularly calcium and phosphorus. Soft drinks downregulated the expression levels of glutathione-S-transferase and super oxide dismutase in the liver compared with that of control rats. The present renal studies revealed that Coca-Cola increased the mRNA expression levels of desmin, angiotensinogen and angiotensinogen receptor compared with the other groups, together with mild congestion in renal histopathology. Deleterious histopathological changes were reported predominantly in the bone and liver of the Coca-Cola and Pepsi groups. In conclusion, a very strict caution must be considered with SDC due to the increase in oxidative stress biomarkers and disruption in the expression of certain genes associated with the bio-vital function of both the liver and kidney. Keywords: soft drinks, chronic consumption, health state, molecular effects, histopathology. Soft drinks consumption SDC has increased worldwide in the past two-three decades 1. Their effects on health are unclear, although epidemiological studies pointed toward its associations with obesity, kidney, liver diseases and osteoporosis 2 , 3. Soft drinks contain predominantly water, phosphoric acid, caffeine, sugar in the form of sucrose and other chemicals in the form of preservatives, colorings and flavors 2. The rate of SDC is alarming, particularly in the affluent countries 4. Numerous various health problems are associated with regular consumption of soft drinks 2. Contents of soft drinks have a bad effect on human health 4. Caffeine in carbonated beverages is deliberately added to make individuals addicted, and is readily absorbed rapidly compared with any other drink 5. Additionally, SDC is notbaly associated with kidney health and a high risk of kidney stone formation 10 , SDC cause s bone fracture, disruption in bone formation, affects serum or urinary calcium metabolism markers and hypocalcemia, both in clinical and experimental settings 4 , 12 — However, no significant association between SDC and the reduction of bone mineral density were reported in previous studies 17 , Therefore, the effect of SDC on bone, liver and renal health remains unknown and proper evidence is still required. The liver is the predominant organ in the human body that serves an essential role in the metabolism of food and drugs, and any alteration in its function induces deleterious effects. Additionally, the kidney is an organ whose functions in either the removal of metabolic waste products from the blood and water, or the regulation of electrolytes. The majority of published papers focused on biochemical alterations induced by soft drinks on the serum levels of hepatic and renal biomarkers. In Saudi Arabia and the Middle East, individuals are used to drinking soft drinks on average 3 times per day with meals. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effect of chronic SDC Coca-cola, Pepsi and 7-up on oxidative stress biomarkers, histopathology of bone, liver and kidney and the expression of certain genes associated with liver and kidney functions, in order to outline its effect on the health of Wistar rats. Ethidium bromide for agarose preparation and agarose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich St. Dokki, Egypt. A total of 40 male Wistar rats weeks-old; weight, — g. The rats were monitored daily and were maintained under observation for 1 week for complete acclimatization. The rats were then divided into four groups: i Control without any treatment; ii Coca-cola group; iii Pepsi group; iv 7-Up group. The rats in groups 2—4 received free access to the respective soft drinks for three consecutive months. At the end of experiment, all rats were anesthetized by diethyl ether inhalation. Blood and tissues were collected from anesthetized rats in sterilized vacutainer tubes. The total RNA from tissue samples was extracted, as previously described The integrity of RNA was visualized and confirmed following running on a denatured agarose gel 1. Oligo dT primer 0. For semi-quantitative gene expression analysis, specific primers were designed for certain genes, as illustrated in Table I , using Oligo 4 computer program version 7; Molecular Biology Insights, Inc. The expression of glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase GAPDH was used as internal standard and as a reference gene. The PCR products were electrophoresed in a 1. The bands were visualized using an InGenius 3. Tissues from the bone, liver and kidney were dissected following diethyl ether inhalation and the sacrificing of the rats. Mayer's hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson's trichrome staining were used to stain the slides with the fixed tissue samples Analysis of variance was used to analyze data together with post hoc descriptive tests using SPSS The intensities of the bands were quantified densitometrically using Image J software version 1. SDC for 3 months, significantly increased the serum levels of glucose and moderately increased uric acid and bilirubin in the Coca-Cola, Pepsi and 7-up groups compared with the control group Table III. Serum changes in glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, and total and direct bilrubin levels in rats following chronic consumption of soft drinks. SDC decreased both calcium and iron levels in the rats. By contrast soft drinks increased serum phosphorous levels. In addition, soft drinks revealed no effect sodium and chloride levels. Notably, soft drinks increased the levels of osteocalcin Table V. Serum changes in lipid profiles and lipase levels in rats following chronic consumption of soft drinks. TG, triglycerides; HDL, high-density lipopolysaccharides. Semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of GST and SOD in liver tissues of Wistar rats following chronic administration of soft drinks for 3 months. Next, the present study tested the effect of SDC on the mRNA expression levels of certain genes associated with normal kidney function and stability. The present study also examined the genes associated with blood pressure, including angiotensinogen AT and its receptor AT-R. Semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of genes linked with kidney function and stability in Wistar rats following chronic administration of soft drinks for three months. The bone consisted of numerous bony lamellae, and bone marrow extended between these lamella. The blood progenitor cells occupied the architecture of the bone marrow. The structure unit of the bone consisted of osteocytes arranged around the haversian canal Fig. In the Coca-Cola and Pepsi groups, the bone lamella exhibited dark acidophilic areas in the bone architecture due to calcium withdrawal, while the other parts exhibited faint basophilic patches Fig. In the 7-Up group, the bone lamella exhibited little histological changes in the form of small patches of faint basophilic areas Fig. Photomicrographs of the Wistar rat bone following staining. The liver consisted of a central vein, which was surrounded by numerous hepatic cords. The hepatic cords were synthesized from polygonal hepatic cells with acidophilic cytoplasm and basophilic nuclei, which were centrally located. Von Kupffer cells were located between the hepatic cords Fig. In the Coca-Cola group, the liver exhibited activation of Von Kupffer cells and congestion in the blood vessels Fig. The liver of the Pepsi group exhibited congestion in blood vessels Fig. In the 7-up group, the liver exhibited hydropic degeneration, in addition to congestion of the blood vessels Fig. Photomicrograph of the Wistar rat liver following staining with hematoxylin and eosin. The kidney of the control group consisted of renal corpuscle, surrounded by proximal and distal convoluted tubules Fig. In all soft drink groups, the renal tissues exhibited mild congestion in the renal blood vessels Fig. Photomicrograph of the Wistar rat kidney following staining with hematoxylin and eosin. Rc, renal corpuscle. The results of the present study confirmed that chronic SDC induced oxidative stress, metabolic alterations and changes in gene expression in Wistar rats. Oxidative stress has been associated with the etiology and pathogenesis of various chronic diseases and serves a vital role in the aging process High levels of free radicals or reactive oxygen species ROS can cause direct damage to lipids inside cells and induce peroxidation Soft drinks are the predominant source of sugar worldwide and are associated with obesity in children and adolescents. Soft drinks favor the incidence of insulin resistance and inflammation, and other diseases, including obesity, type-2 diabetes, dental caries, osteoporosis and low nutrient level 23 — The present study hypothesized that SDC is associated with lower bone mineral density, as indicated by the disturbance in minerals levels that is likely due to its caffeine contents, which is a predisposing factor for osteoporosis incidence 5 , 26 , In addition, phosphoric acid interferes with absorption of calcium and increases the loss of calcium 5. Additionally, high fructose may negatively affect bone stability The increase in glucose reported in the present results is due to presence of caffeine in soft drinks. Caffeine causes the release of adrenaline and the increase in blood glucose to counteract the requirement for energy during emergency 3 , 5. Alkaline phosphatase increase is considered as a bone remodeling marker. The increase in AP is due to the presence of caffeine in soft drinks Caffeine affects the biosynthesis of AP and inhibits the formation of a competent extracellular matrix, essential for bone remodling 30 , Additionally, the increase in osteocalcin that serves a role in mineralization of bone and calcium homeostasis cannot be neglected It has been previously shown that heavy SDC is associated with hypocalcemia, and alterations in liver enzymes and histology in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, both in clinical and experimental settings 5 , 12 , 13 , 33 , Therefore, the increase in phosphate hinders both intestinal absorption and renal calcium re-absorption causing hypocalcemia Consequently, hyperparathyroidism is developed, however, this is not enough to prevent sustained hypocalcemia In parallel, SDC decreased iron absorption in the intestine, as explained in the present and a previous study Renal podocytes are essential components of the kidney, which maintain normal glomerular structure. Podocytes regulate filtration flow through the intracellular spaces, and they are situated at the basement of glomeruli and act as ultrafilteration barrier 43 , Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and chronic renal diseases are caused by podocyte injury SDC upregulated the expression levels of desmin and HO-1 and angiotensinogen. Desmin upregulation is indicative for inflammation in the intrafilament proteins HO-1 assists in the oxidation of heme producing active molecules carbon monoxide, biliverdin and ferrous ion that serve as a second messenger to control various cellular functions Upregulation of HO-1 causes inhibition of either effectors of immune functions or adaptive response to various body injuries Development of hypertension, renal oxidative stress and tissue injury are due to an increase in AGT biosynthesis, secretion and excretion Of interest, the changes reported in the expression levels of AT-1 and AGT were due to changes in oxidative stress and renal injuries resulting from SDC, as confirmed by renal congestion. Bone is the most examined organ affected histopathologically due to minerals metabolism disorder, as reported in the present and other previous studies 16 , 18 , 26 , The kidney and liver histopathological alterations reported are moderate degenerative changes, which resulted in the changes in gene expression of both the kidney and liver. Taken together, these data confirmed that SDC induced biochemical and genetic alterations in examined organs, although less histopathological changes reported in the bone, liver and kidney. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Mol Med Rep. Open in a new tab. Serum changes in mineral levels in rats following chronic consumption of soft drinks. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel.
COCA-COLA ZERO SUGAR CAN 12 FL OZ X EGP ; Coca-cola Coke Classic ml Pack of EGP ; Coca-Cola Diet Coke - 12 Fl Oz Can Pack of EGP
Buy coke online in Aswan
Your version of Internet Explorer is not longer supported. Please upgrade your browser. Clear All. Trends Online. Explore more trends.
Buy coke online in Aswan
Many temples and buildings of archaeological interest in the area were moved stone by stone to new locations to protect them.
Buy coke online in Aswan
Buying coke online in Indonesia
Buy coke online in Aswan
The present study was performed to examine the effects of chronic soft drink consumption (SDC) on oxidative stress, biochemical alterations.
Buy coke online in Aswan
Buy coke online in Aswan
Kaunas where can I buy cocaine
Buy coke online in Aswan
Buy coke online in Isla de Sa Ferradura
Buying coke online in Hurghada
Buy coke online in Aswan