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Track prices Not ready to book? Create a price alert for when prices drop. Free to use There are no hidden charges or fees. Filter your deals Choose cabin class, free Wi-Fi and more. You cannot fly directly to Montecatini Terme. From there you can hire a car or take a taxi. The city centre of Florence is 4 miles from Florence. All flights to Florence land at Florence Peretola Airport. KAYAK is a travel search engine. That means we look across the web to find the best prices we can find for our users. With over 2 billion flight queries processed yearly, we are able to display a variety of prices and options on flights to Montecatini Terme. Hacker Fares allow you to combine one-way tickets in order to save you money over a traditional round-trip ticket. You could then fly to Montecatini Terme with an airline and back with another airline. Sometimes travel dates aren't set in stone. You can then pick the flights that suit you best. Transavia flight. Couldn't select seat or anything prior to flight. No connection with klm systems. Seats are very crammed. Extremely no frills. Seats were nice and comfy. Crew was polite and attentive. Business class is awesome and worth the money. Flight left a few minutes late, but that's it. I wish the seats could be wider and recline more. The IFE was quite old, but it worked fine and the content was good. The cabin crew were excellent and the food was as also very good. The baggage service at Malpensa was the worst ever. We wanted for over an hour without any information, they broke my suitcase, and the services of the local luggage services company was below any usual services level of a KLM partner. The flight was great, the only reason for middle scores on entertainment and food is that it was a short flight so not included but snacks were served including alcoholic beverages free of charge. I would definitely recommend KLM. Was trying to change a flight but told that Canadian and local klm systems do not interact so they could not access my booking. Overall I like klm a lot but if it was important to change flights I would be very frustrated. Flight was delayed. Can happen. But the info on the website and app said that flight was cancelled which was not the case. Sitting space is the smallest I have ever seen. Lots of water brought around by staff which is very important to stay hydrated on a long flight. There provided swiss chocolate icecream! The attention to detail is obvious. They really want to make their passengers entertained and comfortable. Flight was cancelled due to technical problems with the aircraft. It would be nice if SWISS would invest in new aircraft; that would for sure minimize the technical issues with old aircrafts. However, our luggage didn t make it and this caused us a lot of problems. Ghe issue was with the delay caused by the late boarding. We had to run to catch our next flight, barely made it and then our luggage didn t arrive with us. Really bad organizing. Excellent Airline. Food, crew and comfort was perfect. Entertainment screens were old. This was an upgrade to business class and really enjoyed the experience. Much better than my earlier flight and thank you. It was a pleasant experience accept temperature in the plane It was extremely cold in the airplane that I was shivering I got sick because of the extreme cold temperature on my flight. They rebooked our flight and then canceled our trip halfway through the journey without any explanation. Needed to pay by ourselves for alternative flight options without any help from Swiss. On Monday, my flight was canceled, and despite this, I have yet to receive any refund. I was then taken to a hotel in a terrible location, where no food or even water was provided. After waiting 10 hours, only 10 of us were offered alternative accommodations, while the rest were left stranded. We were forced to remain in this situation until Thursday without a single explanation or proper assistance. During this entire ordeal, we were only provided with breakfast and dinner, while being charged extra for drinks. This level of treatment is completely unacceptable. I expect an immediate refund for the cancelled flights and full compensation for the inconvenience, additional expenses, and the significant distress caused. There was no flight. They cancelled the flight with no replacement about 9 hours before takeoff. The flight was canceled at the last minute. Alternative flight was booked after 6 hours wait in Malaga airport. Boarding with some sense and communication. It was a total free-for-all everyone coming all at once, no organisation of row numbers or priority. For clarity - this was the Level flight to Boston. Not Vueling. Would urge customers to avoid this airline. Gate agent was singularly unhelpful. He was argumentative, rude and went out of his way to ensure that every penny was collected for the baggage which we realized given how early we were for flight we could have saved hundreds of dollars if we checked in on app. No onboard entertainment or WiFi. Half of the front section was empty because the seats did not work! Plane was falling apart. There were loud drunk Germans sitting in front of us. Good standard flight the plan was clean could not complain the only thing is checking in the pushchair was very slow only 3 people at the counter. The connection to LYON was very tight. The flight was nearly finished boarding when we got to the gate. Crew was excellent. Sat us together after the airline changed our seats. I did not like that they failed to put my luggage on my connecting flight to Athens. I was promised it would be located and delivered within 2 days but later told there was no information on its location. This caused me to have unplanned for expenses because I then had to purchase new clothing to wear on my vacation. I did not receive my luggage until my return flight home. I will not be traveling with them again. Boarding was one hour late. Gate notification was incorrect notification said gate 17, actual was gate Took shuttle bus to board the plane. Late arrival of plane at Turin impacted travel arrangements to the event. Absolutely the most awful experience in the history of service from gate agents to baggage handlers. Never will i use kayak or Lufthansa again. They canceled our flight right before it was to take off and then we stood in line for four hours to make other arrangements. It completely ruined our trip. Don't fly thru London Awful and huge U need 4 hrs to transfer cuz u have to tale buses to and fro from airplanes Bad business. Staff with low service level, forgetful. Temperature at 15 C and after asking twice to raise the temperature the crew did nothing. They took good care of me on the plane and had it not been for handicap assistance I would definitely had missed my connecting flight. Not BA fault but The airport security instead. Two hours is way too long for security. The least comfortable business class seat I have encountered for a while - very very firm when reclined making sleeping difficult. Cost cutting is visible everywhere - no offer to refill drinks the wines were not good - so no real issue there : Just not worth what BA charge. They had about people overbooked. Including me. Why is this?? I was put on a flight to NC an hour later with a 4 hour layover. I was supposed to be home at am instead i was home at pm. An extra day to pay for dog care. The plane was clean. The crew were lovely. Food was good - but seat 1D is a poor location. Lost bag and absolutely no assistance in the short term. Business class to Istanbul. Packed flight. Cabin crew seemed incapable of differentiating between economy and business passengers with regard to access to the WC which meant whole flight I had people standing in aisle and leaning into my aisle seat, queueing for the front WC. Crew put it down to a lack of curtain between the two classes. The seats, for a 3hrs55 min flight were just standard seats with middle seat unoccupied. So nothing special apart from the food, which was mediocre. However 2 king prawns does not make a main course salad. Fares are subject to change and may not be available on all flights or dates of travel. Click the price to replicate the search for this deal. Search hundreds of travel sites at once for deals on flights to Montecatini Terme. Good to know - Cheap tickets to Montecatini Terme. Flight from London Gatwick Airport to Florence. FAQs - booking Montecatini Terme flights. Flights from London 2h 14m. See more FAQs. Top tips for finding cheap flights to Montecatini Terme. There is no major airport in Montecatini Terme. It is instead served by Florence Peretola Airport. Top 5 airlines flying to Montecatini Terme. KLM Overall score based on reviews. Airline reviews. Great flight because I upgraded to Premium Comfort. Made a huge difference in the experience. KLM is my favourite airline. Never ever let us down. Staff are first class. Flight was diverted from Firenze to Pisa causing delay and inconvenience. Only food for sale. Did not even offer water. No entertainment. Checking was efficient and quick. Adequate luggage space. Food for purchase only at high prices. Horrible, flight cancelled and had to come back the next day. There is more space in this economy seat. It felt like a better layout, not so cramped. The staff was not at pleasant as those on the first leg of our trip. Discover needs to offer better food and drink options in Economy class. No internet, very narrow seats insufficient room for three passengers with encroachment. I waited 40 minutes for my bag. Boarding is not controlled as groups called was not enforced. Show more results. Recent one-way flight deals. Last minute flight, train and bus deals. Everything you need to know for your flight to Montecatini Terme. Complete your trip Flights to other cities Origins. Car hire in Montecatini Terme. Holidays in Montecatini Terme. Guide to Montecatini Terme. Trains to Montecatini Terme. Holiday rentals in Montecatini Terme. Price and availability are not guaranteed. Flights to London. Flights to New York. Flights to Bangkok. Flights to Amsterdam. Flights to Barcelona. Flights to Dubai. Flights to Paris. Flights to Orlando. Flights to Los Angeles. Flights to Dublin. Flights to Rome. Flights to Alicante. Flights to Berlin. Flights to Lisbon. Flights to Pakistan. Flights to Australia. Flights to Europe. Flights to India. Flights to Canada. Flights to New Zealand. 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Professor Michael Stockenhuber

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Professor Michael Stockenhuber has long held a fascination for catalytic reactions and their almost unlimited scope when it comes to solutions for industry and the community. Joining UON in January , Professor Stockenhuber has honed his focus on catalysts because of its practical application in enabling technologies. As a result, there is a significant commercial interest in this technology. The largest tonnage amount of chemicals produced is done through catalysis. Many environmentally-friendly technologies such as biofuels, have a significant oxygen content in the fuel, which is problematic for use in standard engines. However, we can remove the oxygen from the fuels using catalytic technology. This makes a fuel that originates from a biological source, such as wood or biowaste, waste oils or even molasses, more usable and a viable alternative. In fuel production it is vital that every part of the process is utilised: you need to find a solution for the by-products and make them value-added products. Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel manufacturing, so researchers are trying to make it economically useful by creating a product from it. Using catalytic technology plastics can be manufactured using glycerol — making a useful product from a by-product. End of pipe technology is the process of cleaning up waste products at the end stage of production. The catalytic converter for cars is a typical end-of-pipe product which converts harmful nitrogen oxide into nitrogen and oxygen. Michael and his team are working on developing an efficient product can reduce airborne pollution and emissions in these increasingly popular vehicles. This end-of-pipe technology is used in coal mines which have significant methane emissions. Which is significant on a tonnage basis. With catalytic technologies we are converting methane at very low temperatures with very little energy penalty. As a member of the International Advisory Board for the International Conference on Environmental Catalysis Michael made the proposal to bring the International conference to Australia. With the aim of starting an invigoration of the Australian catalysis scene, the conference was held in Newcastle from July 10 As President of the Catalysis Society, Michael brings his enthusiasm to the community and industry. Now we have a focal point, bringing conferences and attention to the Asia-Pacific. With environmental considerations the field has become invigorated again as it is being seen as one of the major enabling technologies for specificity of production of products. One of the big advantages is that you can scale up very nicely, you can transform the technology from the laboratory to industry very easily. We have the technology to transform a fossil fuel or biological fuels into a more renewable-based future. Catalysis is one of the main enabling technologies that will be able to implement new commercially viable and environmentally friendly processes for manufacturing and emission control. The possibilities to manufacture future energy carriers, materials, chemicals, pharmaceuticals and to reduce emissions are endless. Professor Michael Stockenhuber has long held a fascination for catalytic reactions and their scope when it comes to solutions for industry and community. Prof Stockenhuber has published more than peer reviewed papers and holds 4 patents. He has been hon. He has established and is head of the catalysis and process research laboratory at the University of Newcastle. Michael Stockenhuber was awarded his diploma Dipl. Johannes Lercher which he was awarded with distinction in Dr. He then did a brief study postdoc at the University of Twente. He joined Nottingham Trent University in as postdoctoral researcher and was later appointed lecturer and promoted to Reader in In he was appointed senior lecturer in Chemical Engineering at University of Newcastle. In he was promoted to Associate Professor. His main research interest is heterogeneous catalysis and nanoporous materials with a special emphasis on structure- function relationships. Current topics of interest include mineral carbonation, catalytic combustion of ventilation air methane, conversion of glycerol to useful products, acid site characterisation using i. That is evident not only through the high impact of his papers but also the number of institutions seeking collaboration with him. The funding was for fundamental such as the work on local site structure in zeolites as well as applied studies, such as mineral carbonation, the development of a catalytic system to produce hydrogen on board an aircraft EADS and catalytic combustion of ventilation air methane and conversion of high value products from glycerol as well as methane conversion to value added products. The major aim of this research was to understand the effect of the addition of sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 on the reaction yield and products in the direct aqueous mineral carbona This was achieved by tracking the evolution of the aqueous and solid species produced over the duration of the reaction. Analysis of solid and liquid samples was performed using a variety of analytical techniques, including thermal gravimetric analysis mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, qualitative and semiquantitative X-ray diffraction analysis, and laser diffraction particle size analysis. Carbonation experiments were conducted with and without NaHCO3 using heat-activated lizardite to study its effect on the reaction rate and overall yield. It was found that NaHCO3 controlled the magnesium carbonate phase formed in the carbonation reaction \[hydromagnesite or magnesite MgCO3 \]. It can be concluded that NaHCO3 elevates the concentration of carbonate ions CO , leading to a heightened level of supersaturation in the carbonate phase. This, in turn, contributes to an increased extent of MgCO3 precipitation. Various reactor tubes quartz, stainless steel and stainless steel MA were used to examine their influence on the thermal decomposition of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid P The quartz reactor led to a notable reduction in the concentration of HF and substantial quantities of SiF4 were observed. Environmental implication: This research underscores the significant role of reactor material in the thermal treatment of PFAS, a globally widespread and enduring environmental contaminant. The findings have direct implications for the optimization of thermal treatment strategies aimed at mitigating PFAS contamination. The insight into how different reactor materials interact with PFOS during thermal treatment expands our understanding of potential destruction methods. This knowledge is crucial in the development of effective, sustainable strategies for managing persistent environmental pollutants like PFAS. Thus, this work reports a solventless hydrodeoxygenation H The H2 atmospheric reaction system prevented LZ coking, confirming its effect on catalyst stabilisation. This affirms that the high-quality R can be used in existing diesel engines efficiently without modifications. Overall, the LZ-catalyzed hydrogen-assisted process is a more promising technology for the oil and gas industry, where hydrogen can be produced from various refinery feedstocks, hence, its implementation could significantly enhance efficiency and sustainability in refining operations. Natural clinoptilolite coded as Escott , synthetic BEA, and mixed Escott-BEA zeolites supported nickel and iron catalysts were employed for catalytic hydropyrolysis of eucalyptus Natural clinoptilolite coded as Escott , synthetic BEA, and mixed Escott-BEA zeolites supported nickel and iron catalysts were employed for catalytic hydropyrolysis of eucalyptus globulus leaves. Incorporating a small amount of BEA into Escott weakens the metal-support interaction, enhances H2 adsorption activity and increases the catalyst acidity, leading to an improved aromatic monomers selectivity while preventing excessive cracking of liquid oil. It was found that in an air bath gas and in the absence of water vapor , COF2 and trace amounts of C2F4 were detected. A chemical kinetic model was developed to understand the importance of both O2 and water vapor in the overall thermal decomposition of PFOS, leading to complete mineralization. The effect of desilication on the physic-chemical properties of ferrierite zeolite was investigated using spectroscopic and solid characterisation techniques including N2-adsorpti Ferrierite zeolites, pre-treated with 0. Batch-mode catalytic reaction studies of methane with N2O conducted in an in situ FTIR cell demonstrate that the methoxy groups formed on extraframework iron sites followed by the migration of these species to silicon defect sites, which resulted in a decline in the intensity of terminal Si-OH groups bands in the IR spectra. The decline in the desorption temperature of these products observed over Fe-FER catalysts treated with alkaline solution is consistent with a significant increase in the mesopore surface area from Studies under continuous reaction conditions demonstrate that, at a similar level of methane conversion ca. In the present study, a series of La-HZSM5 catalysts were prepared through wet impregnation and investigated for the production of premium quality diesel fuel via hydrodeoxygenati In the present study, a series of La-HZSM5 catalysts were prepared through wet impregnation and investigated for the production of premium quality diesel fuel via hydrodeoxygenation HDO of oleic acid OA. Vacuum distillation was complementary for producing high quality diesel fractions consisting of C17 fractions. The reusability of the La 10 HZSM5 90 catalyst was also demonstrated, though the catalyst still had coking activity. These ion-exchanged Ru particles exhibit a strong electronic interaction with oxygen atoms of zeolite framework with a mixed Ru 0 -Ru III species observed in the reduced samples. In addition, ion-exchanged Ru-ZSM-5 and Ru-BEA catalysts present a similar normalized cyclohexane formation rate based on the concentration of acid sites , suggesting the acid sites play a pivotal role in the deoxygenation of 2-methoxycyclohexanol to cyclohexane. In this study, various metal-modified zeolite beta-based catalysts such as La 10 zeo 90 , Co 10 zeo 90 , Fe 10 zeo 90 , Mg 10 zeo 90 , Mn 10 zeo 90 and Zn 10 zeo 90 were investi In this study, various metal-modified zeolite beta-based catalysts such as La 10 zeo 90 , Co 10 zeo 90 , Fe 10 zeo 90 , Mg 10 zeo 90 , Mn 10 zeo 90 and Zn 10 zeo 90 were investigated in the hydrodeoxygenation HDO of oleic acid OA to produce renewable diesel. Larger pore diameter of La 10 zeo 90 is highly desirable as it will generate greater diffusion of bulky molecules, thereby improving the accessibility of the reactant and hence excellent catalytic activity. The vacuum distillation was used to purify the crude liquid product CLP , producing high-quality diesel fractions mainly comprising C14, C15, and C17 fractions. This work investigates chemical stability of Mg-silicates and silica in aqueous systems in order to gain in-depth understanding of their dissolution and precipitation behaviour un This work investigates chemical stability of Mg-silicates and silica in aqueous systems in order to gain in-depth understanding of their dissolution and precipitation behaviour under different conditions. The aim was to utilise the knowledge gained to develop an engineered carbon mineralisation technology for an efficient and cost competitive CO2 capture and utilisation. The results, based firmly on 29Si solid-state MAS NMR spectroscopy, and complementary techniques, demonstrate the influence of Si coordination Qn on the extent of Mg-silicates dissolution, as the increase in the number of neighbouring Si atoms in the structure of Mg-silicates reduced dissolution of Mg-silicates. The results of precipitation studies indicated the effect of Mg solubility on the structure and Mg content of the precipitated phases. This confirmed precipitation of Mg-silicate with a Q3 1 Mg structure as well as hydrated silica Q3 1H and silica Q4 0H, 0 Mg in aqueous environments, similar to carbonation processes. Formation of silica-rich passivation layers formed on the periphery of reacting feed particles is one of the primary obstacles in obtaining high magnesite yields during direct aqu Formation of silica-rich passivation layers formed on the periphery of reacting feed particles is one of the primary obstacles in obtaining high magnesite yields during direct aqueous mineral carbonation of peridotites and serpentinites. The disruption of the silica-rich layer around partially reacted grains as a result of concurrent grinding on the degree of carbonation magnesite yield was investigated in this work. Three types of naturally-occurring magnesium silicate feedstocks, dunite, olivine and lizardite, as well as three types of grinding media, were examined. Discrete size fractions of feed samples, with and without grinding media, were carbonated. SEM readily disclosed the formation of a silica-rich shell around a magnesium rich core during carbonation. EDS analysis was employed to study the elemental composition of reacted particles' shell and core. The method confirmed that during concurrent grinding these silica-rich layers were removed and continuously produced a fresh surface available for further reaction. Among the three different grinding media used in this work, zirconia and stainless steel media resulted in similar and highest magnesite yields, which is believed to be due to a combination of their high densities and hardness. The findings of this research showed that enhanced magnesite yields could be achieved for all feedstock without the need for energy intensive pre-treatment steps e. Moreover, concurrent grinding resulted in a magnesite yield when raw lizardite was carbonated. The electronic properties of Ni The electronic properties of Ni were significantly modified following the addition of W and Fe as analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS and temperature-programmed desorption TPD , which is well in line with density functional theory DFT calculations, suggesting that the formation of Ni-Fe and Ni-W alloys is thermodynamically favorable while the generation of a Ni-Mo alloy is unfavored. Catalysts with different iron species distributions were developed by loading iron ions to ferrierite FER zeolite using liquid ion exchange IE and solid state ion exchange SS Catalysts with different iron species distributions were developed by loading iron ions to ferrierite FER zeolite using liquid ion exchange IE and solid state ion exchange SSIE methods, which in turn facilitates to study the relation between the nature of iron sites with the formation and stability of surface oxygen species, based on the comparable investigation of catalytic activity and selectivity to products over the catalysts, and the characterisation results obtained from a variety of spectroscopic and solid characterization techniques. Kinetics of pyrolysis of the pollutant perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS in inert bath gases have been studied in two flow reactors constructed of a-alumina and of stainless ste Results from the SS reactor give support to previous and our own quantum chemical calculations based on smaller perfluorinated sulfonates, according to which initiation of decomposition of PFOS first takes place by elimination of HF to form an unstable a-sultone with a rate constant, k1. Products observed from both reactors in the above temperature range comprised HF, SO2, and perfluorooctanoyl fluoride. Both metal and acid sites are required in the hydrodeoxygenation of anisole. This study investigated the hydrodeoxygenation HDO of oleic acid OA that is abundantly found in palm oil for the production of renewable diesel. The effectiveness of mesoporou The effectiveness of mesoporous catalysts, HZSM-5 and zeolite beta, in favoring diesel hydrocarbons was determined. It should be noted that HZSM5 also demonstrated the presence of strong acid sites. After this, the complex was heated, in lin After this, the complex was heated, in line with previous in situ FTIR studies, in order to reproduce the catalytic conditions in those studies which demonstrate a reaction pathway to reaction products other than epoxides, namely, carbonyls, which have not been reported previously on this type of catalyst. BEA supported Ni-Fe catalysts, prepared by various impregnation techniques, were characterised and examined for their activity for the hydrodeoxygenation HDO of guaiacol and hyd BEA supported Ni-Fe catalysts, prepared by various impregnation techniques, were characterised and examined for their activity for the hydrodeoxygenation HDO of guaiacol and hydrogenation of toluene. The aim of the study was to explore the factors affecting the formation of Ni-Fe active species and explore the relationship between the concentration of surface Ni, Ni-Fe species and HDO activity. Catalysts prepared initially with Fe, or co-currently with Fe and Ni exhibited a higher level of HDO rate compared to catalyst that was prepared with Ni initially. When a catalyst was impregnated initially with Fe, metal-supported interaction was relatively weak, thus the formation of Ni-Fe species was promoted. In contrast, a reduced number of Ni sites was involved in the formation of Ni-Fe species when the catalyst was initially impregnated with Ni, resulting in a low HDO rate. The rate of cyclohexane formation is proportional to the concentration of surface Ni-Fe over the catalysts with similar Ni and Fe loadings but prepared by different impregnation sequences. To overcome diffusional limitations associated with the catalytic cracking of large hydrocarbons, a novel core-shell hierarchical zeolite has been developed and evaluated. Large, branched hydrocarbons encounter diffusional limitations in micropores of zeolites for cracking reactions, a limitation overcome by improved textural properties of hierarchical zeolites, leading to enhanced cracking activity. This will result in an improvement in deactivation rate, cracking activity, and enhanced product selectivity towards light hydrocarbon products. The impact of chain length involving a long chain paraffin hexadecane and a highly branched aromatic 1,3,5-TIPB was also investigated to study the influence of the presence of the micro-mesopore network in overcoming diffusion limitations. The novel hierarchical composite was synthesized by preliminary seeding of the core BEA crystals and subsequent growth under hydrothermal conditions leading to the formation of an intergrown and distinctive nanocrystalline ZSM-5 shell zeolite. Evidence of the existence of a hierarchical structure was probed by Ar sorption utilising non-local density functional theory NLDFT pore size distribution analysis. Chlorpyrifos CPF is a widely used pesticide; however, limited experimental work has been completed on its thermal decomposition. CPF is known to decompose into 3,5,6-trichloro With CPF on the cusp of being banned in several jurisdictions worldwide, the question might arise as to how to safely eliminate large stockpiles of this pesticide. Thermal methods such as incineration or thermal desorption of pesticide-contaminated soils are often employed. To assess the safety of thermal methods, information about the toxicants arising from thermal treatment is essential. The present flow reactor study reports the products detected under inert and oxidative conditions from the decomposition of CPF representative of thermal treatments and of wildfires in CPF-contaminated vegetation. During pyrolysis of CPF in an inert gas, the dominant sulfur-containing product detected from CPF is carbon disulfide. Quantum chemical analysis reveals that ethylene and HOPOS undergo a facile reaction to form thiirane c-C2H4S which subsequently undergoes ring opening reactions to form precursors of CS2. A substantial number of toxicants is observed, including HCN and several nitriles, including cyanogen. The range of toxicants produced in thermal decomposition of CPF is summarised. The rate-determining step in the aqueous carbonation of serpentine minerals is the dissolution of Mg from serpentine. The dissolution rate of minerals largely depends on the pH of The dissolution rate of minerals largely depends on the pH of the solution and the size of serpentine particles. In the present work, an experimental method has been developed to study the dissolution rate of heat activated serpentine lizardite polymorph in a wide range of pH, solid to liquid ratio and particle size at room temperature. The results allowed us to determine the effect of these variables on the dissolution kinetics of heat activated lizardite, which represents crucial kinetic data for accurately modelling the carbonation rates of serpentinite. These provide essential data for the design and optimisation of industrial mineral carbonation processes. For the first time, the crackling core model CCM was applied to model the dissolution kinetics of heat activated lizardite in acidic solutions. Applying the CCM model to a wide range of particle sizes provides useful information on the mechanism of the dissolution of heat activated lizardite and the range of particle size for which the assumptions of the model are valid. Characterising serpentine particles leached under different conditions, along with analysing model parameters, provided a new insight into the mechanism of the dissolution of heat activated lizardite. This paper presents the results of dichloromethane DCM decomposition to polymers utilising dielectric barrier discharge under non-oxidative reaction conditions. The conversion l The conversion levels, mass balance, reaction mechanism and polymer characterisation in relation to DCM reaction are presented in this paper. Reaction pathways describing the decomposition of DCM and subsequent formation of the major products are outlined. In addition, the effect of introducing methane in the reaction feed on the conversion level of DCM and the polymer structure is also examined in this paper. This work has used high range imaging mass spectrometry to study a coal sample that has undergone heating with a temperature gradient. The sample was quenched, sectioned and analysed using laser desorption time of flight imaging mass spectrometry LDI-TOF-IMS to study the molecular changes that occur within the plastic layer and in the semi-coke. The raw coal was observed to have a molecular weight range between and 20, Da with a peak occurring at Da. The plastic layer was observed to have a prevalence for increasing Da structures though this formed part of the larger molecular weight range. Resolidification of the plastic layer coincided with a rise in Da structures. The semi-coke spectrum had a series of repeating peaks separated by 24 Da extending from Da to Da. This was considered evidence of broad molecular ordering. A second phenomenon was observed in the semi-coke associated with low range molecular weights Da. This appeared as high intensity signals in a molecular range typically considered as ion fragments being too low in size to remain in the high vacuum environment. It was speculated that these low range structures may be associated with the coking of volatile tars exiting the hot-side of the plastic layer through high temperature semi-coke. Overall, this preliminary work provides a novel methodology to study the heating impacts during coking on a molecular level. A notable increase in Surface oxygen mobility and coverage plays a major role in the activity and stability of the lean methane combustion in the presence of large excess of water vapour. We identified water adsorption and in turn the hydrophobicity of the catalyst support as the major factor influencing the long term stability of combustion catalysts. The hydrophobicity and competitive adsorption of water with oxygen is suggested to influence oxygen surface coverage and in turn the apparent activation energy for the oxidation reaction. In this contribution, the development of a process for the synthesis of potentially highly valuable polymeric products from the reaction of waste glycerol with ammonia is reported In this contribution, the development of a process for the synthesis of potentially highly valuable polymeric products from the reaction of waste glycerol with ammonia is reported for the first time. The polymers were the result of a single step, continuous gas phase process, catalysed by an alumina-supported iron catalyst, operating under relatively mild reaction conditions. Characterisation revealed building blocks with unsaturated, amido and ester functionalities shaping a mixture of polymers. Nitrogen atoms were present in the main chain of the resultant polymers. NMR analyses of the polymer denotes the formation of structural defects such as unsaturation and branching; whilst the partial solubility of the polymer in solvents such as CDCl3 and THF is indicative of the formation of cross-linked structures. Insights into the mechanism of formation of these functional groups were based on the liquid and gas phase product distribution. Polymers with chain structures similar to those synthesised in this work are currently manufactured from fossil fuels and are widely used in biomedical applications not only because of their architecture but also due to their response to changes in pH and temperature. An increased interest in using hydrocarbons in solid oxide fuel cells for the production of power has led to research into operation on synthesis syn gas, a mixture of hydrogen An increased interest in using hydrocarbons in solid oxide fuel cells for the production of power has led to research into operation on synthesis syn gas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Hydrocarbons are typically reformed, either internally or in an external reformer prior to the fuel cell, producing syngas with various H2:CO ratios depending on the hydrocarbon used. This paper examines the effect of varying the H2:CO ratio with respect to C1 to C4 steam reforming reactions and additionally a mixture containing a higher ratio of carbon monoxide. It was found that there was no significant relationship between cell performance and H2:CO ratio when a high feed rate was employed. For low flow rates, however, the high carbon monoxide concentration resulted in a significant decrease in cell performance. It was determined that this was caused by reversible carbon deposition as opposed to a decrease in carbon monoxide reactivity. Characteristics and catalytic activitie Characteristics and catalytic activities under dry and wet feed conditions were investigated at gas hourly space velocities up to h-1 mimicking the typical flow and conversion requirements of a catalytic system designed to treat a ventilation air methane stream. In order to gain a better understanding of the interaction between H2O and the catalyst surface, temperature-programmed desorption of water over fresh and used samples were studied, and supported by other catalyst characterization techniques such as N2-adsorption desorption, XRD, TEM, SEM and XPS analyses. The activity measurements of the catalysts studied identify Co3O4 as the most active material. Co-precipitating gold particles with cobalt oxide or iron oxide do not enhance the activity of the catalyst, which is most likely due to blocking the active site of support by the gold particle. All rights reserved. Reagents from a base catalysed condensation reaction Knoevenagel condensation reaction between ethyl cyanoacetate and benzaldehyde , wer Ethyl formate, ketenimine species, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide were desorption products from ethyl cyanoacetate, while benzene, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide were desorbed from the catalysts loaded with benzaldehyde. The formation of the ketenimine species was confirmed by in situ FTIR experiments. The observation of the decomposition species further substantiates a proposed reaction mechanism for the Knoevenagel condensation reaction on the catalyst surface of some oxide catalysts. Over H-BEA, biphenyl product was observed. It is suggested It is suggested, that the larger pore size of H-BEA facilitates coupling of two phenol molecules. Two distinct reaction mechanisms are proposed for acid and redox catalysts. In this paper we focus on the development of a methodology for treatment of carbon tetrachloride utilising a non-equilibrium plasma operating at atmospheric pressure, which is not In this paper we focus on the development of a methodology for treatment of carbon tetrachloride utilising a non-equilibrium plasma operating at atmospheric pressure, which is not singularly aimed at destroying carbon tetrachloride but rather at converting it to a non-hazardous, potentially valuable commodity. This method encompasses the reaction of carbon tetrachloride and methane, with argon as a carrier gas, in a quartz dielectric barrier discharge reactor. The reaction is performed under non-oxidative conditions. Possible pathways for formation of major products based on experimental results and supported by quantum chemical calculations are outlined in the paper. We elucidate important parameters such as carbon tetrachloride conversion, product distribution, mass balance and characterise the chlorinated polymer formed in the process. Conversion of glycerol to allyl alcohol was carried out over an iron on alumina catalyst. With the aim of enhancing selectivity towards the desired product and to reduce acrolein With the aim of enhancing selectivity towards the desired product and to reduce acrolein formation a detrimental impurity in the subsequent epoxidation of allyl alcohol the supported iron catalyst was modified using alkali metals. It was found that lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium deposition on the catalyst surface increased allyl alcohol yield and reduced the rate of catalyst deactivation. The treatment was also found to influence the physical properties of the catalyst surface. A correlation between acid to basic site concentration and allyl alcohol selectivity was established. A reduction in the former value results in an enhancement in the rate of allyl alcohol formation. A reaction mechanism was developed based on the effect of iron and alkali metals catalysing the conversion of glycerol into allyl alcohol. The proposed catalyst modification technique is a straightforward method, readily applicable at a larger scale due to the simplicity of the alkali inclusion and its striking influence on the reaction selectivity. In this paper, we report new insights into the deactivation phenomenon of palladium based catalysts for catalytic combustion of ventilation air methane VAM. It was found that th It was found that the primary factor responsible for low temperature catalyst deactivation is the water vapour present in the feed stream. The influence of water vapour on VAM was examined by comparing the properties of fresh catalysts with catalysts following over h reaction time-on-stream. Alternating between dry and water vapour-saturated VAM feed disclosed ca. Introduction of VAM dust a mixture of fine coal, CaCO3 and aluminosilicate particles causes a variation in catalytic activity originating from coal-dust ignition and the effect of chloride on the surface of the catalyst. A continuous process for the conversion of glycerol to allyl alcohol, where ammonia or organic acids are added to the feed as sacrificial reductants, was investigated. Significant enhancement on the rate of formation and yield of the allyl alcohol is observed with some of the reducing agents examined over an alumina-supported iron catalyst. Moreover, the addition of other organic acids, which are produced in a typical glycerol conversion experiment, was studied. However, acetic and propanoic acids had little effect on the rate of formation of allyl alcohol. Analysis of the product distribution in the liquid and gas phases when oxalic and formic acids were added suggests a two-step process for the formation of allyl alcohol under the operating conditions of the reaction; the initial step involves the dehydration of glycerol while the second comprises the reduction of the species produced in step one. The results indicate that the Cl atom of hydrogen chloride i Using in situ infrared spectroscopy, we observed a sharp decrease in stretching vibrational frequency of HCl of about cm-1 compared with the H-Cl stretching vibration of gaseous hydrochloric acid. The findings were supported by density functional theory cluster quantum chemical calculations. The sorption of alkanes in zeolites was investigated using calorimetry, gravimetry, and in situ infrared spectroscopy. At temperatures below K alkanes are found to sorb locali With increasing size of the hydrocarbon the heat of adsorption increases primarily due to an increase in the dispersion forces. The linear relationships between the enthalpies and the entropies of sorption suggest that the interaction is of similar nature for all hydrocarbons and characteristic for a particular zeolite. The coverage at the catalytically active sites and the surface chemistry during the reaction is followed by in situ i. This allows to directly compare the surface chemistry with the catalytic activities and selectivities. Conventional isotope labelling and steady state isotope transient experiments are used to further support the mechanistic models of the acid-base catalyzed reactions outlined above. Evidence of precipitation of silica at pH 6. SEM imaging along with EDS analysis provided supporting information on the silica deposits on the surface. The presence of both monomeric and polymeric silica in the filtrated after the dissolution experiment was proved using molybdosilicate standard method. The map is a representation of a researchers co-authorship with collaborators across the globe. The map displays the number of publications against a country, where there is at least one co-author based in that country. Data is sourced from the University of Newcastle research publication management system NURO and may not fully represent the authors complete body of work. A catalyst for success Professor Michael Stockenhuber has long held a fascination for catalytic reactions and their almost unlimited scope when it comes to solutions for industry and the community. Environmentally-friendly applications Many environmentally-friendly technologies such as biofuels, have a significant oxygen content in the fuel, which is problematic for use in standard engines. Making by-products the product In fuel production it is vital that every part of the process is utilised: you need to find a solution for the by-products and make them value-added products. Cleaner air through end-of-pipe-technology End of pipe technology is the process of cleaning up waste products at the end stage of production. A catalyst for success Professor Michael Stockenhuber has long held a fascination for catalytic reactions and their scope when it comes to solutions for industry and community. Read more. Career Summary Biography Prof Stockenhuber has published more than peer reviewed papers and holds 4 patents. Research Expertise Development of catalysts and environmentally friendly processes Dehydrogenation of large hydrocarbons Base catalysis for manufacturing intermediate chemicals In situ spectroscopic characterisation of heterogeneous catalysts I. Keywords catalysis cataytic processes zeolites. Languages German Mother English Fluent. Publications Chapter 3 Journal article Conference 53 Patent 3 Presentation 3 Report 2 For publications that are currently unpublished or in-press, details are shown in italics. Department of Defense. Funding body U. Feasibility study on the conversion of FCC off gases into a usable product. A collaborative supply chain study, with a focus on pre-farm inputs, using Life Cycle Assessment. A novel route for the production of ethylene. Research Supervision Number of supervisions Completed Research Collaborations. Contact Details Email michael. Connect with me. Previous item Next item. Eric Kennedy , Matthew Drewery. John Mackie , Eric Kennedy. DOI Eric Kennedy , John Mackie. Scopus - 1 Web of Science - 1. Zhao G, Yan P, Procter K, Adesina A, Jin Y, Kennedy E, Stockenhuber M, 'Effect of desilication on the catalytic activity of Fe-FER for direct, selective, partial oxidation of methane', Journal of Catalysis, \[C1\] The effect of desilication on the physic-chemical properties of ferrierite zeolite was investigated using spectroscopic and solid characterisation techniques including N2-adsorpti Scopus - 16 Web of Science - 2. Scopus - 15 Web of Science - 5. Scopus - 7 Web of Science - 3. Scopus - 10 Web of Science - 1. Scopus - 16 Web of Science - 3. Scopus - 12 Web of Science - 1. Scopus - 37 Web of Science - Scopus - 20 Web of Science - 6. Scopus - 16 Web of Science - 7. Scopus - 68 Web of Science - Matthew Drewery , Eric Kennedy. Rashid MI, Benhelal E, Farhang F, Oliver TK, Stockenhuber M, Kennedy EM, 'Application of concurrent grinding in direct aqueous carbonation of magnesium silicates', Journal of CO2 Utilization, 48 \[C1\] Formation of silica-rich passivation layers formed on the periphery of reacting feed particles is one of the primary obstacles in obtaining high magnesite yields during direct aqu Scopus - 19 Web of Science - 4. Scopus - 18 Web of Science - 8. Scopus - 18 Web of Science - 6. Scopus - 56 Web of Science - Scopus - 3 Web of Science - 1. Eric Kennedy , Luke Harvey. Scopus - 27 Web of Science - 8. Mensah J, Yan P, Kennedy E, Drewery M, Stockenhuber M, 'Novel hierarchical core-shell BEA NanoZSM-5 zeolite for improved cracking performance for 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene and n-hexadecane', Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, \[C1\] To overcome diffusional limitations associated with the catalytic cracking of large hydrocarbons, a novel core-shell hierarchical zeolite has been developed and evaluated. Scopus - 17 Web of Science - 4. Scopus - 17 Web of Science - Scopus - 2 Web of Science - 2. Scopus - 83 Web of Science - Scopus - 24 Web of Science - Scopus - 30 Web of Science - Scopus - 12 Web of Science - 5. Scopus - 5 Web of Science - 2. Scopus - 64 Web of Science - Scopus - 13 Web of Science - 4. Scopus - 22 Web of Science - Scopus - 16 Web of Science - 8. Scopus - 36 Web of Science - Scopus - 7 Web of Science - 6. Scopus - 4 Web of Science - 3. Scopus - 14 Web of Science - 9. Scopus - 32 Web of Science - Scopus - 33 Web of Science - Scopus - 23 Web of Science - Scopus - 13 Web of Science - 8. Scopus - 19 Web of Science - Scopus - 29 Web of Science - Scopus - 9 Web of Science - 9. Scopus - 9 Web of Science - 1. Scopus - 34 Web of Science - Scopus - 11 Web of Science - Scopus - 6 Web of Science - 5. Scopus - 50 Web of Science - Scopus - 7 Web of Science - 5. Scopus - 44 Web of Science - Scopus - 45 Web of Science - Scopus - 43 Web of Science - Scopus - 5 Web of Science - 4. Scopus - 8 Web of Science - 4. Scopus - 9 Web of Science - 5. Scopus - 14 Web of Science - Scopus - 15 Web of Science - Scopus - 39 Web of Science - Scopus - 8 Web of Science - 6. Scopus - 31 Web of Science - Scopus - 20 Web of Science - Scopus - 54 Web of Science - Clovia Holdsworth , Eric Kennedy. Drewery M, Kennedy E, Alenazey F, Dlugogorski B, Stockenhuber M, 'The effect of synthesis gas composition on the performance of Ni-based solid oxide fuel cells', Chemical Engineering Research and Design, \[C1\] An increased interest in using hydrocarbons in solid oxide fuel cells for the production of power has led to research into operation on synthesis syn gas, a mixture of hydrogen Scopus - 47 Web of Science - Scopus - 13 Web of Science - Scopus - 16 Web of Science - Scopus - 9 Web of Science - 7. Scopus - 8 Web of Science - 5. Scopus - 5 Web of Science - 5. Setiawan A, Friggieri J, Kennedy EM, Dlugogorski BZ, Stockenhuber M, 'Catalytic combustion of ventilation air methane VAM -long term catalyst stability in the presence of water vapour and mine dust', Catalysis Science and Technology, 4 \[C1\] In this paper, we report new insights into the deactivation phenomenon of palladium based catalysts for catalytic combustion of ventilation air methane VAM. Scopus - 27 Web of Science - Scopus - 18 Web of Science - Scopus - 10 Web of Science - 8. Scopus - 40 Web of Science - Scopus - 5 Web of Science - 6. Scopus - 75 Web of Science - Scopus - 42 Web of Science - Scopus - 6 Web of Science - 6. Scopus - 49 Web of Science - Scopus - 67 Web of Science - Scopus - Web of Science - Scopus - 78 Web of Science - Scopus - 35 Web of Science - Show more journal articles. Citations Scopus - 3. Reaction mechanism. Eric Kennedy , Bill Collins. Louis \[E3\] Co-authors Eric Kennedy. Stockenhuber M, setiawan, Kennedy, Dlugogorski, 'Study on the inhibitory effect of water on palladium and gold catalysts during catalytic combustion of ventilation air methane M. Stockenhuber, A. Setiawan, E. Kennedy, B. Show 50 more conferences. Wilhelm Schwieger.

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