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By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. To learn more, view our Privacy Policy. To browse Academia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of beta-lactoglobulin genotypes in Lithuanian Holstein dairy cattle population and to identify possible synergies between the different genotypes of beta-lactoglobulin and genomically predicted values for milk production traits. A allele was identified with frequency 0. Three genotypes, viz. The biggest influence on the milk processing properties having BB genotype was found in Beta-lactoglobulin AA genotype cows had higher average genomic values for milk yield, while BB genotype cows had higher average genomic values for milk protein percentage, the differences have found statistically significant On the basis of farm records, accurate phenotypic data for milk composition and performance traits were obtained for seventy Holstein dairy cows. DNA sequencing assessment elaborated single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs in the investigated genes amongst the enrolled dairy cows. On the basis of the dairy cows that harbored identified SNPs in each gene, the animals were allocated into different groups. Improving the efficiency of milk production and its constituents without increasing the size of the dairy herd is the foremost goal of the selection in dairy industry. The use of polymorphic genes as detectable molecular markers is a promising alternative to the current methods of trait selection once these genes are proven to be associated with traits of interest in animals. Nucleotide sequence analysis of different genotypes revealed two point mutation at exon four, one of them TC corresponding to the same amino acid asparagine and the other Single Nucleotide Polymorphism SNP CT represented a non-synonymous mutation producing amino acid change of alanine to valine. The information given in the present study will be extremely helpful for improving milk production traits in dairy cattle by marker-assisted selection and outlined a strategy to avoid long and costly traditional selection methods for dairy purposes in Holstein cattle. The aim of the study was to characterize the genetic profile of the Kortegaard herd, which has been closed for several generations, by quantifying the degree of genetic homogeneity within the herd and to compare its genetic profile to that of other cattle breeds. The level of genetic variation within the breeds were quantified by the expected heterozygosity H E , observed heterozygosity H O , average minor allele frequency MAF , the degree of polymorphism, and runs of homozygosity ROH , which are contiguous lengths of homozygous genotypes of varying length. This is possibly due to recent consanguineous matings, a strong founder effect, and a lack of gene flow from other herds and breeds. We further examined whether the observed genetic patterns in the Kortegaard herd can be used to design breeding strategies for the preservation of the genetic pool by focusing on a subset of SNP outside homozygote regions. By calculating the pairwise identical-by-state between all possible matings, we designed a breeding plan that maximized heterozygosity in the short term. The benefits and limitations of such a breeding strategy are discussed. Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift 38—66, Im Dialog. Transgression 2. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Related papers Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure within the Icelandic cattle breed using molecular markers Rakesh Singh. Genomic relatedness and diversity of Swedish native cattle breeds Sofia Mikko. Genetic characterization of a herd of the endangered Danish Jutland cattle cino pertoldi. Exegesis and Exposition of Colossians 4. In spite of its small current population size, the breed still displays a relatively high genetic diversity Upadhyay et al. The breed is said to be healthy and robust, with a relatively low milk production but a rather high milk fat and protein content. Besides a large founder population, subdivision of the original population in local hard-toreach mountain areas may have contributed to the conservation of genetic variation. Kept in remote mountain areas, these animals had been milked only for consumption at the farm and not for commercial purposes, and many of these animals had not previously been registered in a herd book. In the study based on SNP array data, Upadhyay et al. Beta lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in cow milk, for which the B variant is associated with good properties for dairy products such as cheese, and the B allele of the Beta lactoglobulin gene is associated with larger cheese yield Aleandri et al. Variants in the gene FGF2 have been shown to be associated with fat yield and percentage, somatic cell score and productive life Wang et al. Citrullinaemia is an autosomal recessive disorder where the calf is born without symptoms, but develops symptoms and then die early in life. The mutation is a substitution of a C to a T Dennis et al. A description of the samples can be found in Table 1. The additional samples were from animals born — Table 1 , and because the samples investigated in Upadhyay et al. These samples were from animals born in the s to the s. Ho is observed heterozygozity, He is expected heterozygosity. SNPs assigned to sex chromosomes and unassembled contigs were removed. Genetic diversity within and among subpopulations Average observed Ho and expected He heterozygosity were estimated using the package adegenet Jombart, in R R Core Team, The newer samples born — had a bit lower values of both observed and expected heterozygosity compared to the old samples born — Note however that the newer samples are all bulls whereas the old samples were mostly from cows. As the selection intensity for bulls is higher than for cows, the males would be expected to be a bit ahead of the females and therefore, the rate of change in heterozygosity per time unit may be somewhat biased. The FST values between the groups can be seen in Table 2. The highest FST 0. Our results show that the B allele of the Beta casein gene is rare among the Swedish mountain cattle breeds. In the study of Gustavsson et al. The B allele in Beta lactoglobulin on the other hand, was much more common in our data. The frequency of the B allele for Beta lactoglobulin has thus increased over the last Table 2. Figure 2. A possible explanation for this is that these farms were located far away from necessary infrastructure to collect milk for Table 3. Allele frequencies of SNPs related to functional traits and within parentheses the number of animals being homozygous or heterozygous for the allele. It was therefore not seen as an advantage if the cow produced large amounts of milk, but instead, it was preferred to produce milk suitable for making storable products such as cheese. Another very interesting gene for milk properties is CSN3 that codes for Kappa casein that is important for cheese production Wedholm et al. Poulsen et al. Unfortunately, we did not have genotypes for this gene in our dataset. The general amount of detected genetic diversity was similar in more recent and older samples from this breed, however, and the analyses of population structure showed that they are very similar. Other defects may segregate in these populations however, which were not included in this study. We also acknowledge Kaj Sandberg and Birgitta Danell for coordinating and building a sample collection of some of the old samples in earlier projects. Dairy Sci. Alexander, D. Fast modelbased estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals. Genome Res. Behr, A. Pong: Fast analysis and visualization of latent clusters in population genetic data. Bioinformatics 32, — Dennis, J. USA 86, — Congenital syndactyly in cattle: Four novel mutations in the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 gene LRP4. BMC Genetics 8, 5. Eriksson, K. Hereditary Forms of Sterility in Cattle. Biological and Genetical Investigations. Gustavsson, F. Jombart, T. Adegenet: A R package for the multivariate analysis of genetic markers. Kantanen, J. Genetic diversity and population structure f 20 north European cattle breeds. Maternal and paternal genealogy of Eurasian taurine cattle Bos Taurus. Heredity , — Lien, S. Comparison of milk protein allele frequencies in Nordic cattle breeds. Pembleton, L. Poulsen, N. Comparison of milk protein composition and rennet coagulation properties in native Swedish dairy cow breeds and high-yielding Swedish Red cows. Purcell, S. R Core Team Schaar, J. Dairy Res. Schliep K. Phangorn: Phylogenetic analysis in R. Bioinformatics 27, — Schwenger, B. Settergren, I. Shuster, D. Prioritization for conservation of northern European cattle breeds based on analysis of microsatellite data. Upadhyay, M. Genomic relatedness and diversity of Swedish native cattle breeds. Cattle Statistics Ectopic KIT copy number variation underlies impaired migration of primordial germ cells associated with gonadal hypoplasia in cattle Bos Taurus. Wedholm, A. Zheng, X. A high-performance computing toolset for relatedness and principal component analysis of SNP data. Bioinformatics 28, — Bioinformatics 33, — Funciones Luis Quintana. Strategic human resource management: Three-stage process and the influencing organisational factors Manjari Singh. Sound modeling: signal-based approaches Giovanni De Poli. Biofisica Cecilia Regina. Is the rectum still a grave? Anal sex, pornography and transgression Stephen Maddison. Crambe Crambe Hispanica Subsp. Comparison of myocardial blood flow and flow reserve with dobutamine and dipyridamole stress using rubidium positron emission tomography Terry Ruddy. Bernard Sanjuan. Variation in survival of children with central nervous system CNS malignancies diagnosed in Europe between and Guido Pastore. Fabrication of Co- and Ce-doped ZnO nanoparticles: a structural, morphological and optical properties investigation Ranveer Kumar. Related topics Animal Production.
Genetic differentiation between subpopulations of Swedish mountain (Fjäll and Fjällnära) cattle
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By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. To learn more, view our Privacy Policy. To browse Academia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of beta-lactoglobulin genotypes in Lithuanian Holstein dairy cattle population and to identify possible synergies between the different genotypes of beta-lactoglobulin and genomically predicted values for milk production traits. A allele was identified with frequency 0. Three genotypes, viz. The biggest influence on the milk processing properties having BB genotype was found in Beta-lactoglobulin AA genotype cows had higher average genomic values for milk yield, while BB genotype cows had higher average genomic values for milk protein percentage, the differences have found statistically significant On the basis of farm records, accurate phenotypic data for milk composition and performance traits were obtained for seventy Holstein dairy cows. DNA sequencing assessment elaborated single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs in the investigated genes amongst the enrolled dairy cows. On the basis of the dairy cows that harbored identified SNPs in each gene, the animals were allocated into different groups. Improving the efficiency of milk production and its constituents without increasing the size of the dairy herd is the foremost goal of the selection in dairy industry. The use of polymorphic genes as detectable molecular markers is a promising alternative to the current methods of trait selection once these genes are proven to be associated with traits of interest in animals. Nucleotide sequence analysis of different genotypes revealed two point mutation at exon four, one of them TC corresponding to the same amino acid asparagine and the other Single Nucleotide Polymorphism SNP CT represented a non-synonymous mutation producing amino acid change of alanine to valine. The information given in the present study will be extremely helpful for improving milk production traits in dairy cattle by marker-assisted selection and outlined a strategy to avoid long and costly traditional selection methods for dairy purposes in Holstein cattle. The aim of the study was to characterize the genetic profile of the Kortegaard herd, which has been closed for several generations, by quantifying the degree of genetic homogeneity within the herd and to compare its genetic profile to that of other cattle breeds. The level of genetic variation within the breeds were quantified by the expected heterozygosity H E , observed heterozygosity H O , average minor allele frequency MAF , the degree of polymorphism, and runs of homozygosity ROH , which are contiguous lengths of homozygous genotypes of varying length. This is possibly due to recent consanguineous matings, a strong founder effect, and a lack of gene flow from other herds and breeds. We further examined whether the observed genetic patterns in the Kortegaard herd can be used to design breeding strategies for the preservation of the genetic pool by focusing on a subset of SNP outside homozygote regions. By calculating the pairwise identical-by-state between all possible matings, we designed a breeding plan that maximized heterozygosity in the short term. The benefits and limitations of such a breeding strategy are discussed. Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift 38—66, Im Dialog. Transgression 2. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Related papers Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure within the Icelandic cattle breed using molecular markers Rakesh Singh. Genomic relatedness and diversity of Swedish native cattle breeds Sofia Mikko. Genetic characterization of a herd of the endangered Danish Jutland cattle cino pertoldi. Exegesis and Exposition of Colossians 4. In spite of its small current population size, the breed still displays a relatively high genetic diversity Upadhyay et al. The breed is said to be healthy and robust, with a relatively low milk production but a rather high milk fat and protein content. Besides a large founder population, subdivision of the original population in local hard-toreach mountain areas may have contributed to the conservation of genetic variation. Kept in remote mountain areas, these animals had been milked only for consumption at the farm and not for commercial purposes, and many of these animals had not previously been registered in a herd book. In the study based on SNP array data, Upadhyay et al. Beta lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in cow milk, for which the B variant is associated with good properties for dairy products such as cheese, and the B allele of the Beta lactoglobulin gene is associated with larger cheese yield Aleandri et al. Variants in the gene FGF2 have been shown to be associated with fat yield and percentage, somatic cell score and productive life Wang et al. Citrullinaemia is an autosomal recessive disorder where the calf is born without symptoms, but develops symptoms and then die early in life. The mutation is a substitution of a C to a T Dennis et al. A description of the samples can be found in Table 1. The additional samples were from animals born — Table 1 , and because the samples investigated in Upadhyay et al. These samples were from animals born in the s to the s. Ho is observed heterozygozity, He is expected heterozygosity. SNPs assigned to sex chromosomes and unassembled contigs were removed. Genetic diversity within and among subpopulations Average observed Ho and expected He heterozygosity were estimated using the package adegenet Jombart, in R R Core Team, The newer samples born — had a bit lower values of both observed and expected heterozygosity compared to the old samples born — Note however that the newer samples are all bulls whereas the old samples were mostly from cows. As the selection intensity for bulls is higher than for cows, the males would be expected to be a bit ahead of the females and therefore, the rate of change in heterozygosity per time unit may be somewhat biased. The FST values between the groups can be seen in Table 2. The highest FST 0. Our results show that the B allele of the Beta casein gene is rare among the Swedish mountain cattle breeds. In the study of Gustavsson et al. The B allele in Beta lactoglobulin on the other hand, was much more common in our data. The frequency of the B allele for Beta lactoglobulin has thus increased over the last Table 2. Figure 2. A possible explanation for this is that these farms were located far away from necessary infrastructure to collect milk for Table 3. Allele frequencies of SNPs related to functional traits and within parentheses the number of animals being homozygous or heterozygous for the allele. It was therefore not seen as an advantage if the cow produced large amounts of milk, but instead, it was preferred to produce milk suitable for making storable products such as cheese. Another very interesting gene for milk properties is CSN3 that codes for Kappa casein that is important for cheese production Wedholm et al. Poulsen et al. Unfortunately, we did not have genotypes for this gene in our dataset. The general amount of detected genetic diversity was similar in more recent and older samples from this breed, however, and the analyses of population structure showed that they are very similar. Other defects may segregate in these populations however, which were not included in this study. We also acknowledge Kaj Sandberg and Birgitta Danell for coordinating and building a sample collection of some of the old samples in earlier projects. Dairy Sci. Alexander, D. Fast modelbased estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals. Genome Res. Behr, A. Pong: Fast analysis and visualization of latent clusters in population genetic data. Bioinformatics 32, — Dennis, J. USA 86, — Congenital syndactyly in cattle: Four novel mutations in the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 gene LRP4. BMC Genetics 8, 5. Eriksson, K. Hereditary Forms of Sterility in Cattle. Biological and Genetical Investigations. Gustavsson, F. Jombart, T. Adegenet: A R package for the multivariate analysis of genetic markers. Kantanen, J. Genetic diversity and population structure f 20 north European cattle breeds. Maternal and paternal genealogy of Eurasian taurine cattle Bos Taurus. Heredity , — Lien, S. Comparison of milk protein allele frequencies in Nordic cattle breeds. Pembleton, L. Poulsen, N. Comparison of milk protein composition and rennet coagulation properties in native Swedish dairy cow breeds and high-yielding Swedish Red cows. Purcell, S. R Core Team Schaar, J. Dairy Res. Schliep K. Phangorn: Phylogenetic analysis in R. Bioinformatics 27, — Schwenger, B. Settergren, I. Shuster, D. Prioritization for conservation of northern European cattle breeds based on analysis of microsatellite data. Upadhyay, M. Genomic relatedness and diversity of Swedish native cattle breeds. Cattle Statistics Ectopic KIT copy number variation underlies impaired migration of primordial germ cells associated with gonadal hypoplasia in cattle Bos Taurus. Wedholm, A. Zheng, X. A high-performance computing toolset for relatedness and principal component analysis of SNP data. Bioinformatics 28, — Bioinformatics 33, — Funciones Luis Quintana. Strategic human resource management: Three-stage process and the influencing organisational factors Manjari Singh. Sound modeling: signal-based approaches Giovanni De Poli. Biofisica Cecilia Regina. Is the rectum still a grave? Anal sex, pornography and transgression Stephen Maddison. Crambe Crambe Hispanica Subsp. Comparison of myocardial blood flow and flow reserve with dobutamine and dipyridamole stress using rubidium positron emission tomography Terry Ruddy. Bernard Sanjuan. Variation in survival of children with central nervous system CNS malignancies diagnosed in Europe between and Guido Pastore. Fabrication of Co- and Ce-doped ZnO nanoparticles: a structural, morphological and optical properties investigation Ranveer Kumar. Related topics Animal Production.
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