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Buy blow online in Venezuela

Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. A checklist of the 39 species of blow flies Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae so far known to occur in Venezuela is provided, based on a thorough literature review and the examination of ca. Data from the literature and museum collections were used to generate distribution maps for 37 species. Three species are recorded from Venezuela for the first time: Chrysomya putoria Wiedemann, , Mesembrinella spicata Aldrich, and Mesembrinella umbrosa Aldrich, Historically, the taxonomic composition and phylogenetic relationships within this group of flies, belonging to the superfamily Oestroidea , have been controversial. During the last two decades, a division of Calliphoridae into 14 subfamilies has been widely accepted Rognes , Norris , Kutty et al. This is the case of Mesembrinellidae Kutty et al. Another group, Bengaliinae , has also been suggested as an independent family Lehrer , but further studies are required to support this controversial proposal and it currently remains widely accepted as a subfamily closely related to Auchmeromyiinae Rognes , Marinho et al. In this paper, we use the common name of blow flies to designate the traditional, non-monophyletic concept of Calliphoridae s. A single species of Rhiniidae , Stomorhina lunata Fabricius, , is present in the New World where it is found only on the island of Bermuda Rognes Mesembrinellidae are a relatively small family of Neotropical blow flies occurring from southern Mexico to northern Argentina Peris and Mariluis On the other hand, six subfamilies of Calliphoridae occur in the Neotropics: Calliphorinae , Chrysomyinae , Luciliinae , Melanomyinae , Polleniinae , and Toxotarsinae Rognes , , Whitworth Blow flies include more than genera and approximately species worldwide Rognes , Pape et al. The adults of some species can impact human health, acting as vectors of pathogens by searching for and settling on feces, fresh and cooked meat, dairy products and wounds Rognes The larvae of other species, e. There are also blood-sucking species ectoparasitic on birds or mammals, e. Blow flies are significant in forensic medicine because they are among the first insects to colonize animal remains Smith Some species have been suggested as an effective tool for assessment of vertebrate biodiversity, representing an indirect source of DNA from the vertebrate carcasses on which they have fed Calvignac-Spencer et al. They are also considered potential environmental indicators in tropical areas since many species, e. Many authors have contributed to reviewing the taxonomy of Neotropical Calliphoridae sensu lato i. In more recent taxonomic studies from the region, Vargas and Wood provided a comprehensive review and key to Central American genera; Whitworth studied the species present in the West Indies, providing keys and reviewing some species, as well as describing a new one; the same author carried out a complete revision of the six species of Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy, from the Neotropical Region Whitworth and a revision of 23 species of the genus Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy, found in the Neotropics, where he provided an identification key and described six new species Whitworth The recent revisions of some genera of Mesembrinellidae , including descriptions of new species Wolff et al. There are also a list of valid blow fly names from the Americas south of Mexico provided by Kosmann et al. Furthermore, lists of species, identification keys and ecological studies can be found for Nicaragua Maes et al. Background information regarding blow flies in Venezuela is more limited. A first list of Venezuelan blow flies was published by Cova Other studies have focused on a few species that can cause myiasis Moissant et al. In this paper, for the first time, a checklist is presented of valid species names of Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae so far known to occur in Venezuela, as well as distribution maps of each species in the country. We examined specimens housed in the following museums and institutions:. The classification used in the checklist follows Rognes , , and Marinho et al. The material examined was identified on the basis of specific keys for each subfamily of Calliphoridae , i. The dissection and study of male terminalia were carried out following Whitworth , Localities of occurrence of both the examined material and records taken from the literature were georeferenced using Google Earth v7. Each point plotted on the maps represents a locality of occurrence. Distributions of species do not follow any alphabetic or taxonomic criterion but are instead represented in such a way as to avoid, as far as possible, the overlapping of dots. Table 1 lists a total of 39 species of blow flies for Venezuela, of which 25 are Calliphoridae and 14 Mesembrinellidae. We examined a total of specimens, the subfamily Chrysomyinae being the most abundant , followed by the Luciliinae From the material examined we identified 26 species, including one Calliphoridae and two Mesembrinellidae newly recorded for the country: Chrysomya putoria Wiedemann, , Mesembrinella spicata Aldrich, and Mesembrinella umbrosa Aldrich, Checklist of the blow flies of Venezuela, including reviewed references and the depositories of examined specimens. Doubtful records found in the literature were excluded from the list when there was no indication of how the species were identified or when the accuracy of the identifications was uncertain. Distribution maps showing the records obtained from the material examined and the literature are provided for 37 species Figs 1 — Eumesembrinella randa Walker, and Lucilia sericata Meigen, were cited for Venezuela by Peris and Mariluis , Mariluis et al. Calliphora nigribasis Macquart, Fig. Salcedo leg. Chloroprocta idioidea Robineau-Desvoidy, Fig. Material examined 1 male, 1 female : Aragua State : Maracay, Chrysomya albiceps Wiedemann, Fig. Thomas leg. Lara State : 5 males, 3 females, El Cercado, m, Arcaya leg. Trujillo State : 1 female, La Cira, nr Betijoque, m, 4—9. Clavijo, J. Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius, Fig. MJMO ; 1 female, Miranda State : 1 male, Caucagua, 74m, 18— Carrasquero leg. Chrysomya putoria Wiedemann, Fig. Material examined 2 males, 3 females : Lara State : 1 female, El Cercado, m Chavez leg. Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel, Fig. Lara State : 1 male, Barquisimeto, m, VI. Zambrano leg. Cochliomyia macellaria Fabricius, Fig. Carabobo State : 1 female, Mariara, Casales, E. Valdivieso leg. Lara State : 1 female, Sanare, El Torrellero, m, Compsomyiops verena Walker, Fig. Kaletta leg. Clavijo leg. Hemilucilia segmentaria Fabricius, Fig. Trujillo State : 1 male, 1 female, La Gira, nr Betijoque, m, 4—9. Clavijo, F. Paz, E. Arcaya, L. Joly leg. Hemilucilia semidiaphana Rondani, Fig. CEUA ; 19 females, m, CEUA ; 1 female, m, Salcedo, J. Miranda State : 1 male, Guatopo Agua Blanca , 8. Paralucilia fulvinota Bigot, Fig. Material examined 1 male : Yaracuy State : Aroa, Dietz leg. Blepharicnema splendens Macquart, Fig. Rosales leg. Sosa, N. Valera leg. Trujillo State : 1 female, Parque Nacional Guaramacal, m, 11— Clavijo, R. Paz, F. Joly, A. Lucilia cuprina Wiedemann, Fig. Nieto leg. Miranda State : 1 female, Distrito Federal, Caracas, 1. Lucilia eximia Wiedemann, Fig. Lara State : 2 females, Cordero, m, 27— Capote leg. MJMO ; 5 males, 3 females, Tarabana, m, various dates: 3 males, 1 female, 1. MJMO ; 1 male, Tarabana, Lucilia nitida Whitworth, Fig. Lucilia purpurascens Walker, Fig. Kern leg. Arcaya, A. Lucilia rognesi Whitworth, Fig. Sarconesia roraima Townsend, Fig. Clavijo, A. Andara leg. Rosales , J. Paz leg. Mesembrinella bicolor Fabricius, Fig. Field leg. Lara State : 1 male, El Blanquito, m, 11— Paz, L. Mesembrinella spicata Aldrich, Fig. Mesembrinella umbrosa Aldrich, Fig. Souzalopesiella facialis Aldrich, Fig. Trujillo State : 2 males, Parque Nacional Guaramacal, m, 14— This study is the first to determine the diversity of Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae in Venezuela. The checklist contains a total of 39 species of Calliphoridae , with 25 species distributed in ten genera, and Mesembrinellidae , with 14 species distributed in six genera. Twenty-six species were identified from examined material, while 13 species are listed based exclusively on records found in the literature. Compared to neighbouring countries that have been relatively well-studied, the known Venezuelan blow fly fauna is equivalent to that of Brazil 39 species: 24 Calliphoridae in eight genera and 15 Mesembrinellidae in seven genera Kosmann et al. Three species are newly recorded for the country: Chrysomya putoria , Mesembrinella spicata and Mesembrinella umbrosa. The absence from the examined material of species previously recorded in Venezuela or in neighbouring countries reflects the lack of study of these flies in this region. As an example, Chloroprocta idioidea , the only species of the genus Chloroprocta Wulp, Calliphoridae , was recorded in Venezuela by Hall , Cova , Dear and Kosmann et al. In his recent revision, Whitworth reported Lucilia albofusca and Lucilia vulgata for Venezuela, but we did not find these two species in our field sampling or in entomological collections. Some authors reported Lucilia cluvia and Lucilia sericata in Venezuela Mariluis et al. It is unlikely that Lucilia cluvia occurs in the country, since Whitworth argued that reports of this species in South America are incorrect. On the other hand, Lucilia sericata has been reported as abundant in neighbouring countries such as Colombia and Brazil Carvalho and Ribeiro , Pape et al. During this study, some specimens of Lucilia and Mesembrinellidae could not be identified as any known species. These specimens may represent undescribed species and for this reason were not included in the checklist. Some species of these groups are morphologically highly variable and further studies are required to determine whether they are separate species or examples of intraspecific variation Whitworth, pers. If possible, we strongly recommend rearing specimens from live females collected in the field in order to obtain enough specimens to study the intraspecific variability of both these groups of blow flies. The distribution maps obtained from the data available Figs 1 — 14 show that the current distribution of Venezuelan blow flies is clearly determined by an unequal sampling effort around the country. Most records are from the predominantly mountainous north, where protected areas such as natural parks were the main collection sites. This sampling effort bias makes it difficult to draw any conclusions on the habitat preferences of these species, hence the necessity of further studies. In any case, the presence of some species in areas with less human disturbance adds value to these flies as indicators of the state of habitat conservation. This, in addition to the interest in these species in medicolegal and veterinary fields, will hopefully provide incentive to perform further studies on Venezuelan blow flies. We express our sincere thanks to the editor, Dr Daniel Whitmore, and to two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments, which have helped to improve the manuscript. We thank Prof. We acknowledge the assistance of Dr Martin J. We are especially grateful to Mr Terry Whitworth from Washington State University for the identification of specimens and the valuable clarifications on the taxonomy of blow flies from the Neotropics, and also for his careful reading of the manuscript. ZooKeys — As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Box , Caracas A, Venezuela. Find articles by Arianna Thomas. Find articles by Santos Rojo. Received Oct 26; Accepted Dec 13; Collection date Open in a new tab. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel. Calliphora nigribasis Macquart, Cova , Whitworth , Kosmann et al. Chloroprocta idioidea Robineau-Desvoidy, Hall , Cova , Dear , Kosmann et al. Chrysomya albiceps Wiedemann, Baumgartner , Kosmann et al. Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius, Baumgartner Chrysomya putoria Wiedemann, Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel, Moissant et al. Cochliomyia macellaria Fabricius, Cova , Dear , Kosmann et al. Compsomyiops fulvicrura Robineau-Desvoidy, Hall , Cova Dear , Kosmann et al. Shannon , Dear , Peris and Mariluis , Kosmann et al. Hemilucilia segmentaria Fabricius, Shannon , Hall , Cova , Peris and Mariluis Hemilucilia semidiaphana Rondani, Dear , Cova , Peris and Mariluis , Kosmann et al. Paralucilia fulvinota Bigot, Aldrich , Shannon , Dear , Mariluis et al. Paralucilia paraensis Mello, Dear , Mariluis et al. Blepharicnema splendens Macquart, Whitworth Mariluis et al. Cova , Kosmann et al. Cova , Mariluis et al. Lucilia purpurascens Walker, Sarconesia roraima Townsend, Dear , Mariluis and Peris , Wolff and Kosmann Eumesembrinella quadrilineata Fabricius, Eumesembrinella randa Walker, Peris and Mariluis , Kosmann et al. Bonatto and Marinoni , Kosmann et al. Kosmann et al. Huascaromusca vogelsangi Mello, Mesembrinella bellardiana Aldrich, Mesembrinella bicolor Fabricius, Mesembrinella spicata Aldrich, Mesembrinella umbrosa Aldrich, Mesembrinella xanthorrhina Bigot, Souzalopesiella facialis Aldrich,

Buy blow online in Venezuela