Buy blow online in Multan

__________________________

📍 Verified store!

📍 Guarantees! Quality! Reviews!

__________________________

▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼

▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲

Buy blow online in Multan

Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. Background: Pollination has a great effect on the yield of fruit trees. Blow flies are considered as an effective pollinator compared to hand pollination in fruit orchards. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of different pollination methods in mango orchards. Methodology: The impact of pollination on quantity and quality of mango yield by blow flies was estimated by using three treatments, i. Results: The maximum number of flowers was recorded in irregular types of inflorescence, i. Fruit setting bud was higher in open pollinated mango trees i. The size of the mango fruit was the highest 5. We found that the maximum weight of mango fruit Discussion: The results demonstrated that blow flies can be used as effective mango pollinators along with other flies and bees. The blow flies have shown a positive impact on the quality and quantity of mango. This study will be helpful in future and also applicable at farm level to use blow flies as pollinators that are cheap and easy to rear. The mango, Mangifera indica L. It is widely cultivated in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world Tjiptono et al. Insect pollinators play a key role in maintaining global biodiversity by providing a key ecosystem that is crucial for maintenance of domesticated and wild plant communities. About 87 crops, i. Unfortunately, research regarding pollinators usually focuses on hymenopterans, syrphids and butterflies. Therefore, all the ecology conservation schemes and other strategies are predominantly aimed to conserve these insects Potts et al. Among non-syrphid dipterans, members of family Calliphoridae Schizophora, Calyptratae, Oestroidea commonly known as blow flies, bluebottles, cluster flies or greenbottles are very important pollinators. They are distributed worldwide, with over 1, species and about genera described Wood, ; Brown et al. Blow flies is thought to be the most disliked fly among all the flies of Dipteran, and it is a carrier for the most diseases and causes myiasis Zumpt, ; Greenberg, It was recognized for nearly 1, years ago that flies are transmitters of diseases Greenberg, Kugler and Kugler conducted series of experiments and demonstrated that green bottle flies, blow flies and flesh flies Sarcophaga sp. The survey by Kumari et al. The biology of mango pollinators have been studied in India and Israel, and their results demonstrated that insects of the Diptera and Hymenoptera play major roles in the pollination of this important fruit. Apis dorsata F. Use of these pollinators can significantly enhance the mango yield Anderson et al. Considering the importance of beneficial aspects of blowflies in Pakistan, the role of pollinators, especially dipterans blow flies , were never studied in Mangifera indica. The blowflies are the easier source of pollination as compared to other pollinators such as honey bees, syrphid flies and Xylocopa spp that are difficult to rear Faulkner, Moreover, all the stages of fruit development like formation of buds, pea size, marble size fruit weight and size and stone stage are very important with respect to development and economic yield of mangos so impact of only blow flies and all pollinators was investigated on these stages Verghese, Considering the importance of beneficial aspects of blow flies as role of pollinators especially which has been never studied in Mangifera indica. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate the effects of blow flies on the mango pollination and fruit yield and quality. Blow flies are the cheapest source of pollination as compared to other pollinators, such as honey bees, syrphid flies, xylocopa spp that are expensive to rear. A total of three trees and 10 branches from each tree were selected for recording the data. The following treatments were used: 1 open pollinated trees; 2 trees were covered by net and blow flies were used for pollination; 3 trees were covered by nets and no insect was kept inside the net for pollination. Three replications were used for each treatment. Adults of blow fly Calliphora spp. The six plastic cages were used for rearing blow flies. Then hatched larvae were separated into the plastic pots 4 cm in diameter and 8 cm in height that were half filled with sterilized sand and 50 g chicken liver. In each plastic pot, 20 larvae were released and maximum adults of blow flies were reared in the laboratory for field application. Experiment was installed according to randomized complete block design RCBD. Mango trees with a height of 2. The cages, made by muslin cloths, were used for the covering of mango trees 3. A total of adult blow flies were released for pollination efficacy in the covered mango trees Fig. Ten branches were tagged in each tree for data recording. A Mango trees covered with a muslin cloth and without pollinator; B Mango trees covered with a muslin cloth in the presence of blow flies; and C open trees for different pollinators. Total number of flowers and their types of inflorescences were counted in each treatment. Data as number of flowers on each type of inflorescence, size mm and weight g of fruits at marble stage 30 days after the fruit set and have no stone stage of seed inside the fruit of mangos was recorded by tagging ten twigs in each repeating unit. The data regarding type of the inflorescence i. The number of opened flowers While on irregular type of inflorescence, the number of opened flowers in the open pollinated mango trees was more i. Bars indicate the standard deviation SD of the observation. Data regarding pyramid type of inflorescence depicted that maximum numbers of buds 1. Similar pattern of results was found in case of irregular inflorescence where higher number of buds i. A significantly higher number of buds on conical inflorescence i. Similarly, the number of buds on pyramid inflorescence was significantly higher, i. Bars indicate the SD of the observation. A significant difference was recorded in mango fruit formation at marble stage among three tested treatments in each type of inflorescence conical, pyramid and irregular inflorescence. The number of fruits was significantly higher with conical inflorescence 1. Number of fruits 1. The average size and weight of mango fruits at marble stage varied significantly among the treatments. The average size of mango fruits, i. A similar pattern was also observed in the case of weight of mango fruits where average weight of each mango i. Data showed the positive correlation between of size and weight of mango fruit at the marble stage Fig. A huge number of economically nutritive plants depend on different types of pollinators for pollination Eilers et al. Modern farming techniques can produce a higher yield of crops Aizen et al. In most of the habitats, pollinating flies guarantee or enhance seed and fruit production of many plants such as medicinal, food and ornamental plants. Due to the large gaps in the knowledge about the dipterans, there is a need to address the role of diptera in pollination network. Dipteran flies have potential to survive in variable ranges of temperature or environment our results support that blow fly have potential of pollination Ssymank et al. A mango panicle contains around —4, flowers, and a mature tree may have approximately —1, panicles Manning, About 46 kinds of pollinators belonging to three orders i. Mango inflorescence are three typical types: conical, irregular and various insects visited for pollination Heard, Pollinators are one of the main components of the ecosystem Garibaldi et al. There are two types of pollinators: domesticated and wild pollinators; both are very important for the pollination of plants. Our result showed that open trees produced a maximum yield, followed by covered trees with blow flies and without insects. In an open pollinated condition, mango size and weight were highly significant because of a variety of pollinators, e. The overall results showed that open pollinated trees yielded a maximum amount of fruit of good quality. However, blow flies were also shown to have a great impact on mango pollination because higher quantity and better quality of fruits were recorded than in close cage trees. The results revealed that fruit setting was better in open trees than blow flies and without pollinated trees, respectively. Mango weight and size of was significantly better in open trees than blow flies and without pollinators. However, we detected fruits with maximum weight and size in the open pollinated mango trees where a greater number of pollinators visit the trees for pollination and resulted in the better quality and quantity of mango fruit. We concluded that blow flies have the potential for pollination in M. Therefore, this research will be helpful in the future and will be a applicable at the farm level where keeping honey in the orchard is difficult for pollination because of the environment and the high cost. We speculated that blow flies are the best, cheapest source of pollination as a replacement for honey bees and other pollinators which are expensive to purchase and to maintain in the orchards for pollination. Blow flies would be easily maintained in orchards by providing a diet of organic matter, dead birds etc, in one side of the mango orchard. This study also showed that irregular types of inflorescence lead to the maximum number of flowers, buds and fruits, so breeders could focus on developing the varieties of M. The raw data has been supplied as a Supplemental Dataset File. This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. The effect of blow flies Diptera: Calliphoridae on the size and weight of mangos Mangifera indica L. Find articles by Shafqat Saeed. Find articles by Muhammad Nadir Naqqash. Find articles by Waqar Jaleel. Find articles by Qamar Saeed. Find articles by Fozia Ghouri. Contributed equally. Received Jan 25; Accepted May 3; Collection date Open in a new tab. Click here for additional data file. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The following information was supplied regarding data availability: The raw data has been supplied as a Supplemental Dataset File. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel.

THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS OF PAKISTAN

Buy blow online in Multan

ICAP offers great services to the nation by fostering and nurturing the young talent for leadership through its robust education and examination system throughout the years producing high calibre professionals. In addition to this, ICAP plays its role in strengthening the regulatory framework in Pakistan through working in cooperation with important policy making institutions and regulators including the State Bank of Pakistan, the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan, the Federal Board of Revenue and other Ministries. Management and day to day running of the Institute is the responsibility of the Secretary who is appointed by the Council of the Institute. At ICAP various scholarships and financial assistance programs are available because we believe in widening access to the CA profession. Till date thousands of financially deserving and academically bright students from all corners of Pakistan have been bestowed with scholarships and assistance programs so that they keep pursing their CA Education without any financial worry. CA qualification is recognized by other accountancy bodies of international repute paving way for all members as well as aspiring Chartered Accountants for their global reach. ICAP provides its students with detailed and robust studying material to help them in their learning and development. The course material includes syllabus, study packs with answers and other resources which can help students achieve their dream of being a CA. This section will provide you all information that you need to know about examinations as an ICAP student, from exam schedule to announcement of your result. ICAP is proud to be associated with the best training organisations both inside and outside practice to provide an experience and learning opportunity to the future finance leaders. ICAP is cognizant of the support that Learning Providers extend to students in helping them through their studies as a tuition provider. Under the platform, Learning Providers which include Registered Accounting Education Tutors and Registered Accounting School Systems offer learning guidance and examination preparation support at all levels of the CA qualification. This section lets you know the details of examination fees along with list of authorized bank branches where fees can be deposited. It will also give you access for online submission of all types of fees and forms. Chartered Accountancy is a prime finance and accountancy qualification which is a hallmark of professional excellence. Annually members are also required to submit their CPD declaration online and update particulars. As the accountancy profession is dynamically evolving with time, you as Members are required to keep abreast with change through your Continued Professional Development CPD. The ICAP membership opens up an avenue of opportunities for your professional growth, career development and progression. We tend to keep our members up-to-date with the global changes impacting the Profession which include updates, guidance and response to technical queries. The ICAP membership gives you an esteemed professional designation, recognized internationally in various jurisdictions. So stay connected as a Member and enjoy the privileges. As a Member, in order to practice there are certain obligations which need to be fulfilled. For details, fill out the forms which are available here. A member will be removed due to non-payment of membership fee. ICAP with its growing membership has members all over the world working as professional accountants in business and practice. ICAP wants to see its Members placed in the best positions, creating value for the economy and attaining self-satisfaction. The Institute provides Career Support in the form mentoring and listing latest job openings on the website and other platforms. Membership — ICAP members enjoy a prominent and highly respected place among professionals. This is due to excellence in academia, rigorous on job training and their diversified presence in various economic sectors. The primary objective of the QCR process is to monitor the compliance by audit firms with appropriate levels of professional standards in the performance of the audit function. The secondary objective is to provide guidance to practitioners to assist them to improve their standards. The ICAP publishes two publications to keep members up to date with all the developments happening in the Institute. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan maintains a robust resource library to assist those who visit our site with learning more about the happenings at the Institute, review the CPD Calendar, be informed about upcoming events, read blogs shared by other members or download ICAP Publications. Enabling professional excellence while contributing towards sustainable economic development and promoting public trust. Our mission is to achieve excellence in professional competence, add value to businesses and economy, safeguard public interest; ensure ethical practices and good corporate governance while recognizing the needs of globalization. The Department is committed to meet the technical needs of the members, to embrace change and equip members to adapt to the evolving and expanding professional requirements. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan is a member of the following International organizations. Export of Accountancy Services Helpdesk. Financial Assistance At ICAP various scholarships and financial assistance programs are available because we believe in widening access to the CA profession. Full-Time Scheme Trainee Scheme. Recognitions CA qualification is recognized by other accountancy bodies of international repute paving way for all members as well as aspiring Chartered Accountants for their global reach. Scholarships At ICAP various scholarships and financial assistance programs are available because we believe in widening access to the CA profession. Examination This section will provide you all information that you need to know about examinations as an ICAP student, from exam schedule to announcement of your result. Training ICAP is proud to be associated with the best training organisations both inside and outside practice to provide an experience and learning opportunity to the future finance leaders. Learning Providers ICAP is cognizant of the support that Learning Providers extend to students in helping them through their studies as a tuition provider. Fee and Forms This section lets you know the details of examination fees along with list of authorized bank branches where fees can be deposited. Students Chartered Accountancy is a prime finance and accountancy qualification which is a hallmark of professional excellence. The annual Membership fee is due on July 1 and payable by August 31, every year. Members should ensure that their Membership fee is paid on time so that they continue to enjoy the membership benefits. Membership Benefits The ICAP membership opens up an avenue of opportunities for your professional growth, career development and progression. Practice As a Member, in order to practice there are certain obligations which need to be fulfilled. Inactive Members Outstanding. Connecting with Membership ICAP with its growing membership has members all over the world working as professional accountants in business and practice. Career Support ICAP wants to see its Members placed in the best positions, creating value for the economy and attaining self-satisfaction. Publications Publications The ICAP publishes two publications to keep members up to date with all the developments happening in the Institute. Research and Resources The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan maintains a robust resource library to assist those who visit our site with learning more about the happenings at the Institute, review the CPD Calendar, be informed about upcoming events, read blogs shared by other members or download ICAP Publications. Sign In Click here to log in to your account and access all the secured area features. OUR MISSION Our mission is to achieve excellence in professional competence, add value to businesses and economy, safeguard public interest; ensure ethical practices and good corporate governance while recognizing the needs of globalization. How Can We Help You? Student Queries For student related queries. About ICAP. Go to Top.

Buy blow online in Multan