Buy blow online in Kitakyushu

__________________________

📍 Verified store!

📍 Guarantees! Quality! Reviews!

__________________________

▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼

▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲

Buy blow online in Kitakyushu

This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. Without cookies your experience may not be seamless. This article examines the characteristics of the governing structure over two time periods in the Japanese industrial city of Kitakyushu through the use of urban regime theory. Kitakyushu is known as a corporate city or castle town for industries related to steel. Public-private partnerships for environmental management were constructed, and environmental management was done by an alliance of the city government and business. But the incorporation of community interests into the urban decision-making process in Kitakyushu has limitations. It is more concerned about the realization of company profits than community interests. Decision-making power thus is still concentrated in local government and large corporations within partnership structures. Project MUSE promotes the creation and dissemination of essential humanities and social science resources through collaboration with libraries, publishers, and scholars worldwide. Forged from a partnership between a university press and a library, Project MUSE is a trusted part of the academic and scholarly community it serves. Institutional Login. LOG IN. Search: Search:. Asian Perspective. Abstract Abstract: This article examines the characteristics of the governing structure over two time periods in the Japanese industrial city of Kitakyushu through the use of urban regime theory. If you would like to authenticate using a different subscribed institution or have your own login and password to Project MUSE. Additional Information. Project MUSE Mission Project MUSE promotes the creation and dissemination of essential humanities and social science resources through collaboration with libraries, publishers, and scholars worldwide.

Asian Perspective

Buy blow online in Kitakyushu

Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. We examined whether blowing hot air above body temperature under work clothing may suppress core temperature. The experiment was conducted without wearing any cooling apparatus CON , wearing a cooling vest that circulated Two conditions also reduced the estimated amount of sweating and improved various subjective evaluations. Subject terms: Health care, Occupational health, Environmental social sciences, Climate-change mitigation. The prevention of heat-related illness is important in terms of enabling workers to continue their work without experiencing harmful health effects. Undesirably, even the drastic effort will be made to limit the global temperature increase to 1. Physically demanding work in extreme heat exceeding body core temperature is often inevitable in real work settings. Therefore, vest and garments equipped with cooling materials such as ice, phase change materials, and cooled water-perfusion system have been developed and reported to lower the elevation of heart rates and body temperatures and to improve the work performance. However, their cooling capacities will not last for long and expire mostly within an hour 4 — 6. One of the most promising and stable devices is a cooling garment that is continuously cooled by a circulating-water cooling vest connected to a chiller; however, the garment has a hose that restricts body movements and requires electricity to operate. In Japan, the fan-attached jacket, a thin long-sleeve jacket that is similar to work clothing but has two small fans attached to the back of the waist, has become popular among workers. This jacket was designed to improve comfort by transferring ambient air under the clothing and promoting the evaporation of sweat 7 , 8. It is estimated that the large volume of ventilated air may be potent enough to reduce the increase of core temperatures 9. However, the company that developed the jacket does not recommend its use in hot, humid environments because the fan transfers hot air that can exceed the body temperature to the skin surface. However, neither study examined the efficacy of the fan-attached jacket in an environment having a temperature exceeding the core body temperature. Other studies have investigated a more rigorous type of cooling jacket that provides cooled air under the clothes and demonstrated the suppression of the increased rectal temperature T re , average skin temperature, HR, and estimated sweat volume as well as a longer maximum time of physical exertion 12 — Several studies have confirmed the cooling effect of work clothes equipped with cooled airflow and phase-change materials using human participants or thermal mannequins 17 — However, these studies did not use the fan-attached jacket that simply transfers ambient air to evaluate the cooling effect of the jacket. Each participant received an explanation of the study and written informed consent has been obtained from all participants before participating. We compared the increases in core temperature and HR and changes in subjective assessments during two sessions of physical workload under the conditions with a cooling vest that circulated In CON condition, no cooling garment was worn. This fan-attached jacket is available throughout Japan and is typically worn over a short-sleeve shirt. Under the VEST condition, the external chiller and the cooling vest were connected by a thermally insulated hose. Altogether it weighed g, including 90 g of water inside The chiller temperature was set at 9. The thermal environment, physical workload, and underwear worn by the participants were the same for all conditions. All participants performed the exercise experiment for each of the three conditions in such a way as to cancel out any ordering effect, and each participant participated in experimental sessions that were at least 3 days apart. On the day before an experiment, each participant underwent a workload test to estimate the maximal oxygen consumption VO 2 max using an ergometer T. Participants were instructed to sleep well and abstain from alcohol on the day before and to refrain from consuming caffeine-rich products and avoid doing exercise on the day of the experiment before participating in the experiment. The participants consumed a kcal meal and mL of bottled plain water 1 h before the start of the experiment. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. After the participant entered the room, monitors were attached to the participant, and measurements began. After the removal of the measurement devices, the body weight of the participant was measured. A physician attended all times, and the exercise was discontinued if T re exceeded Under the FAN condition, the participants were asked to wear the fan-attached jacket instead of the long-sleeve jacket and continued to wear it during the rest period. Under the VEST condition, the participants wore the cool circulating-water garment between the short-sleeve shirt and the long-sleeve jacket and were asked to remove the long-sleeve jacket during the rest period. The T re , esophageal temperature T es , and skin temperature of the frontal head T sk-head were continuously monitored in real time every 10 s by IEC Class 1 copper—constantan thermocouples, 0. The T es probe covered with smooth polyethylene tube was swallowed by mouth to a depth of 45 cm and then expelled and reinserted as needed, with the depth altered by up to 2 cm to find the correct location at which to obtain the maximum temperature. The probe was finally fixed near the mouth. The HR was measured by an electrocardiograph, and the mean value for eight beats was recorded every 10 s. The mean breath-by-breath oxygen uptake was recorded every 10 s. Subjective evaluations were provided ten times: during rest, immediately before starting exercise, and 10, 20, and 30 min after starting exercise in each of the two rounds t 1— The estimated amount of sweating during exercise was calculated from the change in body weight before and after exercise; the weight of the liquid consumed during rest was deducted. For T re , T es , T sk-head , and HR, the average of measured values during 5 min were determined for five times: checkpoint 1 CP1 , right after the start of the first exercise session 23 min 00 s — ; CP2, immediately before the end of the first session — ; CP3, right after the start of the second exercise session — ; CP4, immediately before the end of the second session — ; and CP5, when T re peaked — The T es values were missing for one participant under the CON condition, and the results of this participant were excluded from the final analysis. We then compared the results obtained under the three conditions using the Steel—Dwass test for T re , T es , and HR; the Tukey—Krammer test for T sk-head ; and an analysis of variance for the estimated sweat volume. P values of less than 0. Temperature changes of at least 0. The statistical analysis was performed using JMP Pro v. The mean values of T re , T es , T sk-head during the period from the start of rest to 10 min after the end of exercise are shown in Fig. At the end of exercises, T re was 0. During the rest period, T re under the VEST condition decreased to the same level as that under the CON condition and then increased more slowly than that under the CON condition during the second session. During the second session, T es under the CON condition increased more rapidly and reached a higher temperature than it did in the first session. T re , T es , and T sk-head were significantly different among the three conditions at CP4. Schematic of the testing protocol. CON: participants did not wear any cooling garment, VEST: participants wore a circulating-water cooling vest, FAN: participants wore a fan-attached jacket, T re : rectal temperatures, T es : esophageal temperatures, T sk-head : skin temperatures of the frontal head, HR: heart rate. Number of participants: nine, except for one missing T es datapoint in the CON condition. Rectal temperature T re , esophageal temperature T es , and skin temperature of the frontal head T sk-head and heart rate HR at each checkpoint. The HRs of participants during the period from the start of rest to 10 min after the end of exercise are shown in Fig. Number of participants: nine. The RPE, thermal sensation, and thermal comfort values at the ten time points t 1 —t 10 are respectively presented in Fig. We also revealed the efficacy of a garment that circulates cool water. The body cooling effect observed in this study was equivalent to or even better than the effects achieved in previous studies that examined such cooling vests 23 — We believe that these body-cooling effects explain the favorable subjective evaluations provided by the participants in this study. This study has four main strengths. First, the participants underwent the exercise in an environment that was above body temperature. Second, we monitored the core temperature in multiple ways, which would be difficult to do in an actual workplace. Third, we investigated cooling workwear that is readily available in the market and popular in workplaces. Finally, we compared the efficacy of a fan-attached jacket with that of a circulating-water cooling vest. Compared with the control condition, we observed a 0. The amount of heat dissipation by evaporation exceeded the amount of heat convection from the hot ambient air, which was above body temperature. Additionally, these garments might ameliorate the effect of heat radiation from the environment. The observed suppression of the core temperature increase might help maintain body temperature homeostasis and relieve stress on the body while sweating. This is probably because the evaporation of sweat from upper and middle trunk was interfered directly by the vest, while core body heat dissipated gradually to the skin surface. In addition, the cold water circulating throughout the vest might constrict the arteriovenous anastomosis in the subcutaneous region and thus inhibit heat dissipation from the skin surface through heat conduction and convection 26 , The decreases in temperature were small and persisted for only a short period compared with the corresponding observations in our previous study. This is because T sk-head was further lowered using a large fan in the previous study. A temporary drop in T es immediately after the beginning of the second exercise session was observed in four participants, probably because the esophageal sensor probe went into the stomach when they drank the beverage during the rest period. Indeed, we observed an increase in T es when the probe was pulled up slightly. It is reasonable to observe differences between the values of T re and T es. This is because T es changes rapidly, reflecting the temperature of circulating blood, whereas T re changes more slowly, reflecting the temperature of visceral organs. We believe that the suppression of the peak temperatures of both T re and T es would contribute to preventing heat-related illness. In a previous study, the fans of the fan-attached jacket decreased the skin temperatures of the back and abdomen by 1. In this study, we did not measure the skin temperatures of body trunk because they must be directly influenced by the temperature of circulating water in VEST condition. The observed decrease in T sk-head might be the reflection from a suppressed core temperature. Another previous study reported the faster recovery of the skin temperature, tympanic temperature, and HR after exercise when wearing a fan-attached jacket compared with not wearing the jacket 10 ; however, we observed a much faster recovery of T sk-head , the core body temperature, and the HR not only after exercise but even during exercise. This is probably because we examined the cooling effect in a hotter environment and the airflow of the fan was set at a stronger level than in the previous study. In a hot environment, we generally observe increases in the HR and sweat volume and a decrease in the stroke volume due to the increased proportion of blood circulating to the body surface to enhance heat dissipation. To maintain cardiac output when the stroke volume decreases, the HR will increase. There was no significant difference in the estimated sweat volume among the three conditions. However, the mean estimated sweat volume was highest under the CON condition, followed by the VEST and FAN conditions, likely owing to the suppression of the core temperature increase by the cooling garments. Moreover, the proportion of evaporated sweat was highest under the FAN condition, and sweat evaporation effectively lowered the body temperature. We did not observe differences in oxygen uptake among the three conditions, which indicated that the environmental exposure and physical workload were uniform throughout the study. Nevertheless, under the FAN condition, the participants reported that they were slightly uncomfortable before the start of the first exercise session because the fan conveyed hot air under the clothing before the start of sweat secretion and evaporation. A few participants reported that they were uncomfortable under the VEST condition before the start of the first exercise session, likely because they felt cold at rest even in the hot environment. Our study has limitations. All participants were Japanese male adults in their 20s and 30s. Therefore, the study may have limitations in terms of its interpretability to women, to the elderly generation, and to people from different nations. However, the uniformity of the sample was beneficial because physiological differences between individuals are less apparent among young people. Additionally, because the physical workload primarily targeted the lower extremities, and the artificial environment was almost windless, the conditions did not reflect an actual work situation. However, these conditions allowed for the standardization of the exposure protocol. We believe that the advantage of the FAN condition would hold even with additional wind flow to promote heat dissipation under the CON and VEST conditions because the airflow provided by the fan-attached jacket is directed under the clothing. After two min exercise sessions, T re was respectively 0. The result of this study broadens the choice of cooling garments that can effectively prevent heat-related illnesses during physically demanding work in extreme heat. We thank Kamakura Seisakusho Co. We express our deepest appreciation to Mr. Koichi Monji and Ms. We also thank Ms. All authors jointly conducted the experiments. All authors were involved in the interpretation of the data. All authors contributed to the revision of the manuscript and approved the final version of the manuscript. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Sci Rep. A fan-attached jacket worn in an environment exceeding body temperature suppresses an increase in core temperature Kahori Hashimoto Kahori Hashimoto 1 Department of Health Policy and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan. Find articles by Kahori Hashimoto. Find articles by Seichi Horie. Find articles by Chikage Nagano. Find articles by Hiroyuki Hibino. Find articles by Kimiyo Mori. Find articles by Kimie Fukuzawa. Find articles by Masashi Nakayama. Find articles by Hiroyuki Tanaka. Find articles by Jinro Inoue. Received Aug 3; Accepted Oct 5; Collection date Open in a new tab. Supplementary Information. Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel.

Buy blow online in Kitakyushu