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Genoa was sacked by Muslim raiders from North Africa in but became an economic and commercial power during the First Crusade In , Genoa established its first oriental settlement at Antioch Bratianu , , pp. The end of the 13th century marked a crucial moment for the relations between Genoa and Persia, and more generally, between Genoa and Asia. I, pp. In , Genoa defeated its rival Pisa in the battle of Meloria , thus eliminating a competitor in the Eastern trade Ashtor, pp. In , a treaty of peace was signed, allowing Genoa to maintain its control over the Black Sea. While in the northern part of the Black Sea the Venetian basis of Soldaia competed with the Genoese settlement in Caffa, in the Pontus the rivalry took place in Trabzon, the starting point of any eastward expedition via Persia. This plan failed because of the controversies between the Genoese parties of the Guelphs and the Ghibellines who took part in the expedition Richard, , p. The most significant and documented diplomatic expedition of the time also recorded in Mongol documents was that of the Genoese Buscarello de Ghizolfi q. The strife between the Guelphs of Genoa and the Ghibellines of the Genoese community in Pera Constantinople undermined Genoese trade from to Meanwhile, in the s the conflict between Genoa and Venice began again; and both Republics tried to win favor with Ozbek, the Khan of the Golden Horde. According to the Genoese Giacomo de Orado, an embassy led by Friar Francesco had already reached Pera on a Genoese ship 19 August and had been formally welcomed Knobler, p. Stella, p. It is likely that the Genoese preferred the maritime route via Hormuz to China, using local boats, but there is no evidence concerning this in the contemporary sources. The first Genoese representative probably settled in Sivas as early as , as it was an important junction on the routes to Persia and gave access to the Mediterranean and the Black Sea Bautier, pp. The route via Trabzon is also described by Pegolotti in his La pratica della mercatura. By Genoese were also in Nakhichevan Bautier, p. This itinerary offered an alternative in Astrakhan, where merchants had the choice to continue via the Caspian Sea the Genoese preferred this route: Bautier, p. In their commercial bases, Genoese used to trade both local products and goods coming from distant regions. Silk was conveyed to Lucca, the most important Italian town for silk trade in the early 14th century, or to France, another important center for the silk trade. Chinese silk was called catuxta , catuia ,or captuia i. It seems that silk from Persia and Central Asia was more coveted by the Italian market and hence more expensive. In , the municipal stores in Genoa were stuffed with silk coming from Marv and therefore called mordocasia. Some of the Council decrees issued in the years are registered in the Liber Gazarie kept in the National Archive of Genoa: Forcheri, Navi e navigazione a Genova. So far, archive sources on the history of Genoa have not provided a comprehensive account of the relations between Genoa and the East, and many facts have to be further investigated: such as the belief that the Codex Cumanicus q. Sievernich and H. Budde, pp. Airaldi, ed. Perroy , Paris , pp. Mollat, ed. Bozzo, ed. Conoscenza e restauro, forthcoming. Civilisations , , pp. Mollat, Paris, , pp. Lopez, ed. Mostaert and F. Balleto, ed. Stella, Annales Genuenses , ed. Zevakin and N. Submitted tags will be reviewed by site administrator before it is posted online. If you enter several tags, separate with commas. Topic select a topic Bibliography : G. Alba, Madrid, Idem, Storia delle colonie genovesi nel Mediterraneo , Bologna, Pegolotti, La pratica della Mercatura , ed. Evans, Cambridge Mass. Marco Polo, Milione , ed. Pizzorusso, Milan, Budde, eds. X, Fasc. TAGS bernardini liguria. All Rights Reserved. Privacy Policy Add Comment. Suggested Tag.

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