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Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Please address correspondence to the author. Email: khalid. Disaggregated data are not available on the number of prisoners serving sentences for use, possession, or trafficking charges. For almost half a century, between —when the Narcotics Act entered into force—and , there were no reported judicial precedents for people charged with using drugs being sentenced to compulsory treatment. This changed in November , when a judge sentenced an individual arrested for drug use to undergo compulsory treatment. This viewpoint essay contextualizes the recent compulsory drug treatment order within the evolving national drug policy ecosystem and explores how the court decision may influence the future imposition of compulsory treatment in Morocco. Reliable data on drug use in Morocco are challenging to source. The only comprehensive national survey to date, conducted in , estimates the annual prevalence of illegal drug use in Morocco to be 4. In , a decade after gaining independence, Morocco ratified the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of ; in , it ratified the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of ; and in , it ratified the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic of Under this law, people who use drugs as confirmed by urine tests after being arrested by the police or denounced are liable to prison sentences between two and twelve months, while those charged with possession for personal use risk prison sentences between five and ten years, regardless of whether the quantity carried is small. The legal framework also allows for dropping criminal charges if the individual is sentenced to compulsory treatment of one to three months. However, in practice, people arrested for using drugs rarely receive compulsory treatment sentences. Stigma and discrimination against people who use drugs are widespread. This includes psychological and physical mistreatment by police officers. In the last few years, there have been attempts to move the national approach toward a health-based management of illegal drug use. For example, the — National Strategic Plan for Prevention and Care of Addictive Disorders aims to increase investments in treatment both abstinence-based and substitution therapies ; however, it does not distinguish between occasional consumers and people with drug use disorders. The most recent drug policy reform is the medical and industrial cannabis use act Cannabis Licit Uses Act , adopted in July This latest reform is not expected to significantly influence Moroccan drug policy, since it does not include provisions to decriminalize recreational cannabis consumption. The quality of treatment and management of dependence and drug use in Morocco remains problematic. Nevertheless, existing services remain extremely limited and are struggling to respond to demand, leading to long waiting lists for enrollment. At the same time, the number of drug dependence treatment facilities in public hospitals, including residential facilities where people in compulsory treatment are kept against their will and where consumers of all substances are forced to undergo abstinence, has grown in recent years, reaching 16 centers in These facilities function without specific guidelines, with each unit allowed to choose its methods and lengths of treatment. The judge decided that by denying compulsory treatment, and by not informing the person arrested of this existing provision in the law, the prosecution ignored article 8 of the Narcotics Act of The court concluded that all criminal charges should be dropped once the person undergoes mandatory treatment as punishment for drug use. The agreement therefore seems more related to avoiding incarceration and infringes the right to health since coercive medical treatments should be reserved as a last resort for the most serious mental health conditions or to control the spread of infectious diseases. Evidence-based and human rights-informed drug policy reform has been slow in Morocco. The implementation of harm reduction services has been introduced to enhance the reduction of HIV transmission among people who inject drugs. A decade later, the country has legalized the medical use of cannabis to respond to the social and economic issues of cannabis farmers. Nevertheless, these reforms are limited and low-priority. Moroccan drug law and practice remain focused primarily on the prohibition of illegal drugs and the enforcement of abstinence from drug use, without specific attention to mitigating the negative consequences of prohibition on people who use drugs. In order to avoid a judicial reliance on compulsory treatment, the scale-up and increased coverage of evidence-based harm reduction services, advocacy for the decriminalization of drug use and possession of small quantities carried for personal consumption, and the repeal of legal provisions allowing for coerced treatment must be brought back onto the political agenda. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Health Hum Rights. Find articles by Khalid Tinasti. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel.

Toward the Emergence of Compulsory Treatment for Drug Use in Morocco?

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Cardiomyopathy and heart failure may occur following chronic MDMA use and may cause many other acute cardiac complications. The first evaluation shows a sinus tachycardia with tachypnea and signs of global heart failure, loud systolic murmur heard over the apex andcrackles at the base of the lungs were observed. The blood tests performed, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood picture, liver function and kidney function tests, protein, iron, phosphocalcic balance, glucose, and thyroid hormones,were within normal range. Cytomegalovirus IgM was also absent, and IgG titer value was also absent. Additional evaluation in the hospital excluded other etiologies of the cardiomyopathy. Thus, his condition was referred to the MDMA use. There are several reports that show an increase in frequency of MDMA use, suggesting that cardiomyopathy and acute heart failure secondary to the Ecstasy use may be a new medical concern. Thus, proper history of illicit drug intake is crucial in the diagnosis of unexplained cardiomyopathies. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Sign In or Create an Account. Advertisement intended for healthcare professionals. Sign in through your institution. ESC Publications. Advanced Search. Search Menu. Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. Volume Article Contents Abstract. Journal Article. P Ecstasy s use an unusual cause of dilated cardiomyopathy a case report. M Mouadili , M Mouadili. Marrakech University Hospital, cardiology, Marrakech, Morocco. Oxford Academic. Google Scholar. M Elqadi. A Goulehcen. N Echarai. M Elhattaoui. Select Format Select format. Permissions Icon Permissions. Abstract Background 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine is a stimulant used illegally around the world, including Morocco. The patient now is a heart transplant candidate. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For permissions please email: Journals. Issue Section:. Download all slides. Views More metrics information. Total Views Email alerts Article activity alert. Advance article alerts. New issue alert. Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic. Citing articles via Google Scholar. Latest Most Read Most Cited Successful stenting of bilateral main pulmonary artery stenoses associated with Wegener's granulomatosis. Rare cause of hematemesis after aortic stent graft implantation: dissection false lumen infection leading to esophageal fistula. More from Oxford Academic. Cardiovascular Medicine. Clinical Medicine. Medicine and Health. Authoring Open access Purchasing Institutional account management Rights and permissions. Get help with access Accessibility Contact us Advertising Media enquiries.

Buy MDMA pills Morocco