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Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Corresponding author: Karl Peltzer, kpeltzer hsrc. Illicit drug use is a growing public health problem. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of drug use and the sociodemographic and health characteristics that influence it among young and adult South Africans. Data based on the South African national population-based survey in for 26 individuals Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess the association between sociodemographic factors, health variables and any past 3-month drug use. Overall, any past 3-month drug use was 4. The proportion of past 3-month cannabis use was 4. Among the nine South African provinces, any past 3-month drug use was the highest in the Western Cape 7. In adjusted, multivariable, logistic regression analysis among both men and women, younger age, being mixed race and hazardous or harmful alcohol use were associated with any past 3-month drug use. In addition, having been a victim of violent crime and sexual risk behaviour among men and having psychological distress among women were associated with any past 3-month drug use. An increase of any past 3-month drug use from 3. Prevention and intervention activities targeting drug use, in particular in identified risk groups, need to be strengthened in South Africa. The estimated global prevalence of illicit drug use including amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opioids, etc. In a US population-based survey conducted among individuals aged 12 years and older in , past 1-month any illicit drug use was Previous investigations in South Africa and other countries found that specific sociodemographic factors were associated with drug use, including male gender, 5 , 6 younger age, 5 specific population groups mixed race and white people , 5 , 6 lower income or not employed 5 and geolocality such as urban areas. In order to update planning on drug use programming, more recent national population-based prevalence data on illicit drug use among adolescents and adults in South Africa are needed. Therefore, the purpose of this secondary analysis was to make more recent estimates on the frequency and type of drug use among women and men 15 years and older available using a nationally representative household survey in All individuals within a household were eligible to participate. Trained and supervised field workers interview-administered a questionnaire. Informed consent was attained prior to the conduct of the interview. The detailed survey methods are described elsewhere. Any drug use in the past 3 months was coded as 1 and never as 0. All items were added together to indicate the prevalence of any illicit drug use in the past 3 months. Demographic measures included age, educational level, race African black people or other races , geolocality, province and employment status. These scores were added up, with higher total scores indicating higher psychological distress. Sexual risk behaviour was assessed with two questions. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise drug use prevalence, sociodemographic factors and health variables. Associations between the outcome variable of any past 3-month drug use cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine, inhalants, sedatives, hallucinogens or opiates including Whoonga , sociodemographic and health risk-independent variables were examined by calculating odds ratios. Unconditional multivariable logistic regression was utilised to assess the impact of explanatory variables for the outcome of past 3-month drug use prevalence, for women and men separately. In the article, weighted percentages are presented. All statistical analyses were performed by using Stata software version 12 Stata Corp. This analysis is based on data on individuals aged 15 years and older who participated in the survey. Response rates for the interview was More than half of the participants A large proportion of the participants Overall, the past 3-month of any drug use was 4. The proportion of the past 3-month cannabis use was 4. The prevalence of past 3-month drug by injection was 0. In adjusted, multivariable, logistic regression analysis among men, younger age, being mixed race, not living in a rural informal area, hazardous or harmful alcohol use, having been victim of a violent crime and having two or more sexual partners in the past 12 months were associated with any past 3-month drug use. In adjusted, multivariable, logistic regression analysis among women, younger age, being white people or of mixed race, not unemployed looking for job , psychological distress and hazardous or harmful alcohol use were associated with any past 3-month drug use see Table 2. In this very large national population-based study of among individuals 15 years or older found that any past 3-month drug use was 4. This seems to show that the increase in any drug use is mainly attributed to an increase in cannabis use and a decrease in poly drug use two or more drugs from 0. The increase in the prevalence of cannabis use may be attributed to lower costs and better accessibility than the other drugs. One review 18 indicates a global increase in substance use, including illicit drug use, in particular among young people, emphasising the importance of interventions. The use of Whoonga does not seem to be insignificant. In a qualitative study:. The use of amphetamine-type stimulants including tik and others had been as high as 2. As found in previous studies, 5 , 6 , 7 , 22 including in South Africa, the prevalence of drug use was significantly higher among men than women. Further, in agreement with some previous studies, 5 , 6 this study found that younger age and being from the mixed race population group were associated with drug use. Unemployment was among men in bivariate analysis associated with drug use, as found in some previous studies. In agreement with previous reviews, 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 this study found that hazardous or harmful or probable dependent alcohol use among both men and women, having had more than one sexual partner in the past 12 months among men, having been victim of violent crime among men and psychological distress anxiety and depression among women were associated with drug use. Drug use prevention and intervention have to include co-morbidity factors such as common mental disorders, alcohol use disorders and sexual risk behaviour. This study was cross-sectional and no causative conclusions between independent variables and drug use can be drawn. The data on drug use were collected by self-report and may underreport the true consumption rate. Possible reasons for this may be that alcohol and tobacco use were not assessed as part of the ASSIST and an additional item Whoonga use had been added. An increase of any illicit drug use prevalence rates was observed from to in South Africa. Prevention and intervention activities targeting illicit drug use, in particular in identified risk groups, need to be strengthened in South Africa. The work used data from the Human Sciences Research Council. Version 1. The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships which may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article. All authors read and approved the final article. Drug use among youth and adults in a population-based survey in South Africa. S Afr J Psychiat. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. S Afr J Psychiatr. Find articles by Karl Peltzer. Find articles by Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya. Received Jun 5; Accepted Sep 12; Collection date Open in a new tab. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel.

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