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These datasets underpin the analysis presented in the agency's work. Most data may be viewed interactively on screen and downloaded in Excel format. All countries. Topics A-Z. The content in this section is aimed at anyone involved in planning, implementing or making decisions about health and social responses. Best practice. We have developed a systemic approach that brings together the human networks, processes and scientific tools necessary for collecting, analysing and reporting on the many aspects of the European drugs phenomenon. Explore our wide range of publications, videos and infographics on the drugs problem and how Europe is responding to it. All publications. More events. More news. We are your source of drug-related expertise in Europe. We prepare and share independent, scientifically validated knowledge, alerts and recommendations. About the EUDA. Amphetamine, methamphetamine and, more recently, synthetic cathinones are all synthetic central nervous system stimulants available on the drug market in Europe. On this page, you can find the latest analysis of the drug situation for synthetic stimulants in Europe, including prevalence of use, treatment demand, seizures, price and purity, harms and more. European Drug Report — home. The drug situation in Europe up to Drug supply, production and precursors. Synthetic stimulants. Heroin and other opioids. New psychoactive substances. Other drugs. Injecting drug use in Europe. Drug-related infectious diseases. Drug-induced deaths. Opioid agonist treatment. Harm reduction. Historically, amphetamine use has always been the most common, with the availability of methamphetamine and synthetic cathinones being more limited in most countries. This could have important implications. Synthetic drug production trends can be extremely dynamic, and consumers may view different stimulants as functionally equivalent and be amenable to trying new products based on their availability in the market. There are concerns about increased threats to health and social problems that may be associated with the more widespread availability and use of these substances. At the same time, current information tools are generally not sufficiently developed to track trends in use or related problems associated with changing patterns of synthetic stimulant use. Improving our ability to monitor and respond more rapidly to developments in this area is therefore likely to be a growing priority for the future. Methamphetamine and synthetic cathinones are chemically similar to amphetamine, but are not necessarily equivalent in respect to the risk they pose to public health. The more widespread use of cathinones, for example, is a relatively new development, and we currently lack a robust evidence base to understand the potential health risks of this phenomenon or what might constitute appropriate interventions. Methamphetamine is available in high-purity forms that are smokable and there are particular health concerns associated with the use of this drug by this mode of administration. All of these substances may also be available in similar-looking powders or pills, meaning consumers may be unaware of what particular stimulant or mixture of substances they may be consuming, and these drugs can also be found in tablets marketed as MDMA. This means that forensic and toxicological analysis is particularly important for understanding both consumption trends and adverse health outcomes. A more general concern is that all of the stimulants discussed here are also, to some extent, associated with behaviours that can pose high risks to health and mortality, which include overdoses, acute and chronic mental health problems and infectious diseases. There are also particular concerns about the injecting of stimulants, which has been associated with a higher risk of HIV transmission. This could be explained by more frequent use, sharing of injecting material and risky sexual behaviours among people who inject stimulants. In the last decade, six large European cities, across five countries, have reported localised HIV outbreaks associated with stimulant injecting, mainly among marginalised people who inject drugs involved in open drug scenes. Syringe residue analysis conducted by the ESCAPE network between and confirm the presence of stimulants, such as amphetamine and synthetic cathinones, in many injecting drug scenes. Reports from the Euro-DEN Plus sentinel hospital emergency network in highlight the role that synthetic stimulants can play in acute drug toxicity presentations to emergency departments. While methamphetamine is less commonly used and is less visible in available data sources, there are growing signals that the production of the drug is increasing in Europe and that the drug is diffusing to more countries. Historically, the use of this drug has been most commonly observed in Czechia and Slovakia and, more recently, some neighbouring countries. While not representative of the general population, data from wastewater analysis indicate that two thirds of the 59 European cities with data for and saw an increase in the methamphetamine residues detected. Available data on the production and trafficking of these stimulants reveal the changing dynamics of the illicit stimulant trade. While the number of dismantled amphetamine production laboratories in Europe remained constant at about between and , the quantity of the drug seized in Europe fell by two thirds in It has been suggested that this fall in seizures may be indicative of a decline in production, possibly resulting from producers switching to other stimulants, such as methamphetamine, that can be highly profitable when trafficked to non-EU markets. In the most recent data, a decline was also observed in the quantity of methamphetamine seized in Europe, alongside a relatively stable number of drug production sites being detected, which included medium- and large-scale sites operating at a capacity that suggests production for export markets. Overall, however, data availability issues as well as the likely impact of the pandemic on both market developments and reporting mean that caution is needed in interpreting the information available, and more work is needed to track production trends and analyse their implications for both public health and security. The information available does suggest, however, that synthetic cathinones are increasingly trafficked to Europe from India in large shipments. At the same time, they are also produced in Europe, notably in Poland, which accounted for 14 of the 15 laboratories dismantled in Given the volumes of precursor chemicals seized and the interception of unregulated alternative chemicals, it appears likely that large-scale production for both the European and other markets may be taking place. In summary, as the use of illicit stimulants can lead to a range of health problems, these substances continue to represent a challenge for monitoring efforts, policymakers and service providers in Europe. More frequent injecting associated with stimulant use and the potentially much more severe health complications from injecting and smoking methamphetamine mean that any increase in consumption, especially among vulnerable groups, could represent a growing challenge for harm reduction and emergency health services. Prevalence data presented here are based on general population surveys submitted to the EMCDDA by national focal points. For the latest data and detailed methodological information please see the Statistical Bulletin Prevalence of drug use. Graphics showing the most recent data for a country are based on studies carried out between and Mean daily amounts of amphetamine and methamphetamine in milligrams per population. Sampling was carried out over a week in March and April Apart from the map, data are for all treatment entrants with amphetamine or methamphetamine as the primary drug — or the most recent year available. Data in the map are for or the most recent year available: Czechia, Spain, France, ; Netherlands, For amphetamine, data for Sweden and Norway relate to clients citing stimulants other than cocaine as primary drug. Data on entrants into treatment are for or the most recent year available. Trends in treatment entrants are based on 22 countries. Only countries with data for at least 5 of the 6 years are included in the trends graph. Missing data were imputed with values from the previous year for Spain and France and Germany Because of disruptions to services due to COVID, data for and should be interpreted with caution. Price and purity: mean national values — minimum, maximum and interquartile range. Countries vary by indicator. Show source tables. Back to list of tables. Homepage Quick links Quick links. GO Results hosted on duckduckgo. Main navigation Data Open related submenu Data. Latest data Prevalence of drug use Drug-induced deaths Infectious diseases Problem drug use Treatment demand Seizures of drugs Price, purity and potency. Drug use and prison Drug law offences Health and social responses Drug checking Hospital emergencies data Syringe residues data Wastewater analysis Data catalogue. Selected topics Alternatives to coercive sanctions Cannabis Cannabis policy Cocaine Darknet markets Drug checking Drug consumption facilities Drug markets Drug-related deaths Drug-related infectious diseases. Recently published Findings from a scoping literature…. Penalties at a glance. Frequently asked questions FAQ : drug…. FAQ: therapeutic use of psychedelic…. Viral hepatitis elimination barometer…. EU Drug Market: New psychoactive…. EU Drug Market: Drivers and facilitators. Statistical Bulletin home. Quick links Search news Subscribe newsletter for recent news Subscribe to news releases. This make take up to a minute. Once the PDF is ready it will appear in this tab. Sorry, the download of the PDF failed. A more recent version of this page exists: Synthetic stimulants — the current situation in Europe European Drug Report On this page, you can find the latest analysis of the drug situation for synthetic stimulants in Europe, including prevalence of use, treatment demand, seizures, price and purity, harms and more This page is part of the European Drug Report , the EMCDDA's annual overview of the drug situation in Europe. Table of contents Search within the book. Search within the book Operator Any match. Exact term match only. List of tables Table 1 prevalence of amphetamines use Table 2 prevalence of amphetamines use, trends Table 3 amphetamines in wastewater Table 4 clients entering treatment Table 5 amphetamines entrants as a share of all first-time treatment entrants Table 6 trends in all entrants for synthetic cathinone users Table 7 seizures Table 8 price and purity Table 9 trends in quantities of amphetamine and methamphetamine seized Table 10 trends in number of amphetamine and methamphetamine seizures Table 11 indexed trends retail price and purity Table. Table 2. Prevalence of drug use in Europe, trends Country Country code Geographical scope Substance Recall period Age Austria AT National Table 3. Masaryk Water Resesrch institute, p. Table 4. Percentages except where otherwise stated. Trends in all entrants for synthetic cathinone users Country Poland France 33 Spain 16 37 43 84 Other countries 34 31 39 57 72 Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table Indexed trends retail price and purity, amphetamine and methamphetamine Substance Index Amphetamine Price: retail 94 97 97 94 88 80 81 79 Amphetamine Purity: retail 80 91 Methamphetamine Purity: retail 89 89 89 97 98 92 Main subject. Target audience. Publication type. European Drug Report main page. On this page. Forensic Toxicology Labs.

Online drug user-led harm reduction in Hungary: a review of “Daath”

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Although the drug strategy adopted by the Hungarian government in aimed to make the country drug-free by , the not so new synthetic drugs still rule the country. After the municipal elections, there is some hope that harm reduction can return to Budapest. Illicit drug markets have been behaving strangely in Hungary for the last ten years. The decline of Ecstasy and the boom of new synthetic drugs was happening all across Europe after — but what made this small Central European country peculiar was the almost total collapse of the heroin and amphetamine markets, replaced by new stimulants. A similar trend could only be observed in Romania where it seems heroin is now back, unlike in Hungary. Despite or partly due to? Almost every year a new substance comes to dominate the designer market. God knows what comes next year but we can be almost sure the designers will throw something new into the market. There are some signs police seizures for example that the designer market boom peaked around , and that its rise is now somewhat slower, or even stagnating. But there is no chance that they will be gone any time soon. That is if we trust the results — it is very hard to make accurate estimations of illicit drug use trends in Hungary due to the restrictive and stigmatising political environment. Open menu. Peter Sarosi. Read more. Regions Eurasia. Related Profiles Rights Reporter Foundation.

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