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Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Get citations as an Endnote file : Endnote. The risk of overdose for people who use heroin is high and there have been increases in deaths involving heroin in recent years. Prior to COVID in , the Australian heroin market was highly stable in terms of pricing, perceived drug availability, and perceived purity. The number and weight of heroin seizures at the Australian border have increased over the past 10 years. In —23, heroin was the fourth most common drug of concern for which people received treatment 4. Opioids refer to a class of drugs that include those that are derived from the opium poppy and those that are semi or fully synthetic ACIC ; NSW Ministry of Health Diacetylmorphine, commonly known as heroin, is a derivative of morphine, an alkaloid contained in raw opium ACIC This section focuses on the harms, availability and consumption of illicit opioids including heroin, as distinct from pharmaceutical opioids such as morphine, methadone and oxycodone. See the section on pharmaceuticals for recent trends and data in relation to the use and harms for pharmaceutical opioids. The availability of heroin in Australia has fluctuated over time. In the early s, there was a rapid and considerable reduction in the availability of heroin in Australia commonly referred to as the heroin shortage or drought and this was associated dramatic reductions in heroin-related overdoses Degenhardt et al. Since then, the availability of heroin has steadily increased. There were changes in the perceived purity and perceived availability of heroin. More specifically, in Data collection for took place in June and July. All interviews prior to were delivered face-to-face, this change in methodology should be considered when comparing data from the — samples relative to previous years Sutherland et al. The number of heroin detections at the Australian border has fluctuated over the past decade. Between —12 and — In —, 8. This figure shows the proportion of lifetime and recent use of heroin for people aged 14 and over between and In , only 0. Lifetime use of heroin has been decreasing since , from 1. Australians consumed an estimated kg of heroin in — Heroin consumption is typically higher in capital cities than regional areas. It should be noted that some data for Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory have been suppressed due to small numbers. Please see the data quality statement for further information. For related content on Multiple drug involvement see Impacts: Ambulance attendances. For related content on illicit opioid including heroin impacts and harms, see also:. Heroin is a central nervous system depressant. Like other opioids, it binds to receptors in the brain, sending signals to block pain and slow breathing. Heroin may be snorted, swallowed or smoked, but is most commonly melted from a powder or rock form and injected. The Australian Burden of Disease Study found that opioid use was responsible for 0. Most of the burden due to opioid use was due to 2 linked diseases: poisoning and drug use disorders excluding alcohol. A further 2. This butterfly chart shows the number and rate of heroin-related ambulance attendances were higher for males than females across all age groups. Drug-induced deaths are determined by toxicology and pathology reports and are defined as those deaths that can be directly attributable to drug use. This includes deaths due to acute toxicity for example, drug overdose and chronic use for example, drug-induced cardiac conditions ABS People who use heroin have a particularly high risk of overdose, especially when heroin is used in conjunction with other drugs like benzodiazepines for example, alprazolam, diazepam and alcohol. However, there are some challenges in interpreting the numbers of heroin deaths. Heroin can be difficult to identify at toxicology because it is rapidly metabolised to morphine by the body and these metabolites cannot be distinguished from other morphine sources for example, codeine. Opioids, including both licit and illicit substances, have been the leading class of drug present in drug-induced deaths in Australia for the last 2 decades. Most illicit opioid deaths involve heroin, with other illicit opioids such as opium accounting for very few opioid-induced deaths in any given year less than 10 in Chrzanowska et al. However, deaths involving heroin have shown an increase over the last decade, from 0. It has since decreased to 1. In , deaths with heroin identified had a median age at death of The figure shows the number of drug-induced deaths due to all opioids and heroin only steadily increased from to The number of deaths due to all opioids has decreased from 1, in to in The number of deaths due to heroin has decreased from to in the same period. The latest Alcohol and other drug treatment services in Australia annual report shows that heroin was the principal drug of concern in 4. This has remained relatively stable over the year period to — Heroin was the 4th most common principal drug of concern 4. Assessment only was the most common main treatment type almost 1 in 4 episodes. Canberra: ABS, accessed 26 October ABS cat. Canberra: ABS, accessed 29 September AIHW, accessed 22 February Monograph no. In: Ritter, King and Lee eds. Drug use in Australian society. Oxford University Press. Accessed 25 October This website needs JavaScript enabled in order to work correctly; currently it looks like it is disabled. Please enable JavaScript to use this website as intended. We'd love to know any feedback that you have about the AIHW website, its contents or reports. The browser you are using to browse this website is outdated and some features may not display properly or be accessible to you. Please use a more recent browser for the best user experience. You are here: Go to Alcohol. Last updated: 10 Jul Topic: Alcohol. View citation formats for this report Citation Close. Vancouver Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Enter the email address where you would like the PDF sent. This address will not be used for any other purpose. Key findings. Availability The availability of heroin in Australia has fluctuated over time. The number of national heroin seizures increased from 1, up to 2, seizures. The weight of heroin seized increased from kilograms to a record 1, kilograms ACIC Data from Report 21 of the NWDMP show that nationally: Between April and August , the population-estimated average consumption of heroin increased in both capital city and regional sites. In August , heroin consumption in capital cities exceeded consumption in regional areas ACIC Adapted from ACIC Harms For related content on illicit opioid including heroin impacts and harms, see also: Data by region: Drug-induced deaths Health impacts Economic impacts. Deaths Drug-induced deaths are determined by toxicology and pathology reports and are defined as those deaths that can be directly attributable to drug use. Figure HEROIN 4: Number or age-standardised rate per , population of drug-induced deaths a for all opioids and heroin only, to Previous page. Next page. Go back to top. Required fields. Analgesia Cough suppressant Euphoria Dry mouth Heavy feeling in hands and feet Nausea and vomiting Severe itch Drowsiness Respiratory depression resulting in fatal and non-fatal overdose, especially when used in conjunction with other sedative substances including benzodiazepines and alcohol. Severe constipation Tooth decay from lack of saliva Irregular menstrual periods in females Impotence in males Loss of appetite and weight Neurochemical changes in the brain Memory impairment Mental health issues including depression Physical dependence and associated withdrawal, which manifest as flu-like symptoms.

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Apart from the use of cannabis, only a small minority of Australian people use illegal drugs and the majority of these do so for a relatively short period of their life. However, substantial harms are related to the misuse of illegal drugs. Cannabis includes marijuana the most common form of cannabis and is known by many names, such as grass, pot, hash and weed. While the number of people dying from illegal drugs is not high compared to deaths related to the use of alcohol and tobacco, the impact is much more substantial if the years of life lost are considered. There are a number of surveys available that provide information relating to the prevalence of drug use and the characteristics of people who use drugs in Victoria and Australia-wide. Selected statistics collated in the Victorian secondary school students and drug use survey conducted in , include cannabis and other illegal drug use in year 7 to 12 students. Selected statistics collated in the National Drug Strategy Household Survey report include cannabis and other illegal drug use in people over 14 years. Understanding the influence of key aspects of the drug market, such as the price, purity and availability of illegal drugs, is an important part of monitoring trends of illicit drug use and harms in the community. Numbers of heroin-related deaths in Victoria decreased markedly in 50 deaths compared to deaths in , and have remained low ever since. In , the Department of Health received notifications of newly acquired hepatitis C infections, of which cases 79 per cent reported injecting drug use as being a risk factor. There were four new HIV cases in for which injecting drug use was reported as the only risk factor for exposure to HIV. Numbers in this category are generally low. This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:. Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional. The information and materials contained on this website are not intended to constitute a comprehensive guide concerning all aspects of the therapy, product or treatment described on the website. All users are urged to always seek advice from a registered health care professional for diagnosis and answers to their medical questions and to ascertain whether the particular therapy, service, product or treatment described on the website is suitable in their circumstances. The State of Victoria and the Department of Health shall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website. Skip to main content. Home Drugs. Drug use in Victoria. Actions for this page Listen Print. Summary Read the full fact sheet. On this page. Victorian secondary students drug use survey Selected statistics collated in the Victorian secondary school students and drug use survey conducted in , include cannabis and other illegal drug use in year 7 to 12 students. Cannabis use year 7 to 12 students Cannabis was the most commonly used illegal substance among secondary school students. Across all 12 to year-olds, 14 per cent stated they had used cannabis in their lifetime, 12 per cent had used it in the past year, seven per cent in the past month, and four per cent in the past week. Similarly, use of at least one illegal drug in the past month was significantly lower in than in all other survey years except for the younger age group, and significantly lower than , and for the older age group. National Drug Strategy Household Survey Selected statistics collated in the National Drug Strategy Household Survey report include cannabis and other illegal drug use in people over 14 years. Cannabis use people over 14 years Cannabis is the most used illegal drug in Australia across all age groups. In , Recent cannabis use is highest among people aged 18 to 29 years. Other illegal drug use people over 14 years Around 7. Males are more likely than females to have used an illegal drug. People aged 20 to 29 are most likely to have recently used an illegal drug. Ecstasy was the second most commonly used illegal drug in Australia after cannabis, with three per cent of people aged over 14 having used ecstasy in the previous 12 months. In , 1. The drug market Understanding the influence of key aspects of the drug market, such as the price, purity and availability of illegal drugs, is an important part of monitoring trends of illicit drug use and harms in the community. The mean purity level of heroin seized increased from 35 per cent in —97 to 62 per cent in —98, then decreased to 46 per cent in In , the median purity level had further decreased to 14 per cent. Heroin-related mortality Numbers of heroin-related deaths in Victoria decreased markedly in 50 deaths compared to deaths in , and have remained low ever since. Blood-borne viruses In , the Department of Health received notifications of newly acquired hepatitis C infections, of which cases 79 per cent reported injecting drug use as being a risk factor. Where to get help Your doctor DirectLine Tel. Hepatitis C infection among injecting drug users in Victoria is of major concern. External Link. Give feedback about this page. Was this page helpful? Yes No. View all drugs. Related information. Content disclaimer Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. Reviewed on:

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