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Women, Motherhood and Substance Use: emerging research and on the ground evidence

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Welcome to the side event on mother women, motherhood and substance use. This, since we know that many people would be unable to connect because of the time. We have interpretation. So at the bottom you will be able to click on the map, and from there you can choose whether you want to have interpretation off, or whether you want English or Spanish. The final 2 presentations will be in Spanish. So if you need an interpretation for those, you can just click on that, or you can listen from now on in Spanish. So feel free to use that. Also Javier, who is doing the interpretation in Spanish. So thank you Jorge and Javier for helping us on this side event. Last year was about adult drug use, the responsible adult drug use, and this year we are really approaching the topics around women and mothering and substance use. We also seek to bring topics that can help to break the taboo. Around this topic of well, and just being a mother, maybe, that this has become closer to home. Now with 2 children. It feels like on an international level. We take tiny steps. But what we really need is a very large paradigm shift, that would guarantee how we take away a punitive, stigmatizing and criminalizing approach to women, mothers, people who are currently pregnant, or gestating and substance, use any substance use. Your doctor will even tell you you can have a glass of wine. What do we not know? Whether at an international level or at a local or national level. Came out and said: Cbd does not have been shown to have no negative impacts, but more research is needed. And really, how do we support pregnant people during this time? And the relationship with substance use. So we have a panel of very incredible inspiring women. So I am very excited to have you all here. And that is so, despite the Bangkok rules in Drug policies and sentencing failed to take into account the vast majority of imprisoned women who are mothers, and the particular circumstances that led them to use drugs and be engaged in drug trade. My organization did a study of arrests that would not have happened but for pregnancy; and we look particularly first between and 2,, and identified cases, in which but for pregnancy, the woman would not have been arrested or subjected to some other kind of significant state control. We found that the primary targets for testing, arresting and separating families are low-income women. How do these arrests come about frighteningly? Many of them come about as a result of disclosures of private medical information by state authorities up to State authorities by health care workers and helping professional social workers and others. Which gives a beginning idea of the loss of human rights, including confidentiality, medical decision making and undermines the trust between patients and their providers. What we are also in the process of looking at documents or arrests, since So almost 3 times as many arrests in a half as many years. And again it appears that the vast majority of these arrests are justified by drug control policies justified by stigma relating to pregnancy and drug use. So what are some examples of that in all Oklahoma? That is just biology. But if there is a pregnancy loss and a positive drug test, the scientifically unfounded assumption is that the person struggles to cause the pregnancy loss in the State of Oklahoma in the United States. Brittany Pula, a 19 year old, experienced a miscarriage between 15 and 17 weeks. It was blamed on her use of methamphetamine. She was convicted of manslaughter, and sentenced more than 4 years in jail. I like to point out that if any of the criminalized drugs, worldwide, were good at causing pregnancy loss many more women, especially those in countries that that abortion would be using them. But they do not cause pregnancy loss, even though they become, the excuse to arrest as murderers people who experience miscarriages and still births. In Oklahoma those arrests also are being made now for women who test positive for marijuana, a drug that again has nothing to do with pregnancy losses and does not know studies have found a causal connection between marijuana and any harmful impact. In Alabama there have been more than of us the majority involved allegations of pregnancy and marijuana use, including marijuana use by women like Katie derritz, who has epilepsy. The medication for epilepsy is known to cause birth defects. She switched to marijuana because it was effective in controlling her severe epilepsy, and yet she was then arrested and charged with the crime for doing what was actually safer for her future child, than using the prescription medications. The stigma continues to be so great that this woman in Alabama, who had a prescription and appropriate valid prescription for pain medication she had a sphere back injury, she tried not to use her opioid-based pain, medication, she had to at the near the very end of her pregnancy, and they and she was arrested for possession. Illegal possession of a drug with the claim being made that she somehow hoodwinked her doctor into continuing her pain medication by not disclosing her pregnancy. In Mississippi and numerous other states people have been arrested as child abusers for testing positive for marijuana. In this case they were charged with the crime for having marijuana in her system. No evidence of harm. Just in her system. And yet a year and cup, a urine test in the United States, and perhaps around the world, has been used as a basis for determining parenting ability for separating families and for arresting people who have just gone through the risk to their own lives and health of being pregnant and giving birth. The movement for family power in the United States has come out with this report not only is it a drug war and punitive drug control policies play out in the criminal law system, in it through law enforcement, but also through child welfare the family separation system in the United States, where, again, a positive drug test can determine whether or not you are allowed to parent and can keep the child you love with you. Many families have been separated and subjected to intrusive, traumatizing, dangerous separations that you will be hearing about more from people who have experienced it. In one of our cases in Arizona the state of Arizona, Lindsey R, let me go back. So it is pregnancy that becomes the mechanism for reinforcing punitive, irrational drug laws. In Lindsey ours case. She had a number of serious health problems. She was the beneficiary of medical marijuana. She was a certified medical marijuana user. When she gave birth in Arizona they applied a law that says a single positive drug test, no evidence of harm needed is civil child abuse, and she found herself put on the and that she could use to support her family. She used the marijuana effectively to address a condition during pregnancy called hyperemesis gravidarum, which is extreme severe morning sickness. Her marijuana use, in fact, was protective both of herself and her baby, and yet she has to fight charges of being labeled for pet forever, or for 25 years at least, as the job Abuse. These cases all occur in spite of numerous medical groups saying that all of these punitive approaches are counterproductive, and in spite of the evidence that none of the drugs show a causal connection to any harm with this new study, a systematic review of prenatal exposure to Cannabis in particular, does not find any conclusions regarding cognitive impairments. We asked that the CND follow the recommendations that were made for august , and as Sarah said, things move slowly. Now, thank you for this opportunity. Thank you, Lynn. Thank you so much. If they are doing what they need to do when their child is healthy, and their child is not abused. Like we were talking earlier about, you know, people drinking alcohol. People, you know, even doctors say you know you can have a glass of wine. Even though all these psychologists that came out to defend, you know, like not you know that when everything was going on at the border, with the children being taken from their parents, all of the psychologists said that it does more harm to remove a child from their parent, regardless of the situation then to keep them at home,and nurture and help the family. And so what I am for is dismantling these systems right? The system, this the structure systems of oppression that are basically saying, we need to teach you how to parent your child. I parented my children for years during my active drug use, even through my chaotic drug use. I parented them for years, and my kids will tell you. We only do that to people who use drugs. When are you going to stop using your known medication-assisted treatment? Or when are you gonna stop using drugs? And it basically is around black and brown people and indigenous folks. My case lasted 7 years, and it was because I kept going back and forth like they would tell they would produce 3 warrants. They will tell me you have to. We have 3 warrants. You have to produce your kids and I would fly from New York to Florida and take my kids to Florida, and then they would have to transfer the case to Florida. I will leave them with my family, but you are not putting them in foster care, so they can be more harmful in foster care, which is all about money. Their child would in turn be removed from them because they were in foster care. Thank you so much, and I will go ahead and pass it along to my fellow colleague that is going to speak next. Well, I would like to tell you a bit about our experience in this topic of women and drugs. Last year, we launched our first survey to know which were the dynamics of consumption in party contexts and other aspects related to a gender focus. Well the survey was answered by women of which live in Colombia and in other countries. As for biological children, 7. Regarding the consumption of substances, we asked about consumption throughout their lives, considering legal and illegal in legal substances. Here in this aspect that we did is to ask if there are risk and harm reduction practices that women implemented in their consumption. There are some multinational risks in terms of the dynamics of use and consumption of women users. Many of them say that they do not analyze because they do not know the service, but what we could see in our interventions instead, is that women delegate this function a lot to their partners and their friends. There is still a lot of fear, there is a lot of taboo to be able to analyze their own substance. Because the main reasons why women consume psychoactive substances are related to pleasure and with the other also the majority corresponding to functions in their daily lives and a significant percentage in relation to sexual practices, and this catches our attention. Regarding the way in which substance use had helped them cope with the pandemic. Most of the findings mentioned were contrasted with other investigative exercises such as our report on drugs and quarantine, where we can also see that some of the drugs consumed, then increased in terms of substances such as cannabis, LSD, among others but decreased in substances with socializing use, such as Ecstasy, cocaine, MDMA or meth. This puts us at much more risk with the public force, because in case the police have a hostile and a violent attitude with substance users, now this would increase with women. In the aspect of motherhood and consumption of psychoactive substances, we inquired about whether respondents had consumed substances during her pregnancy. Here, only women that responded to have biological children told us that they had consumed during pregnancy substances such as tobacco, alcohol and illegal substances such as cannabis, cocaine. Also, we see that all people who consumed some type of substance during pregnancy consuming substances during pregnancy but during breastfeeding did not consume illegal and legal substances either. When we talked about the stigmas around consumption and their pregnancy, they told us that they felt a great stigma and stigmatization of consumption during pregnancy mainly from the family of their partners, which is manifested in attacks and psychological aggressions by the family, apart from psychological attacks by their partner. Additionally 8. Another aspect that we took into account within the survey was the issue of paid sexual activities. Here we highlight that it is the problem of gender-based violence to which women are exposed in party spaces and use. There are some gender protocols that are being implemented in the establishments, but we need to revise them carefully. In this same sense many of the users said that despite having seen another woman in this vulnerability, they did not help her out of fear. Finally, and as a conclusions, the first one we can see is that there is a gap in the information on the use of psychoactive substances in women in Latin America. From a gender perspective, women have historically been denied the right to pleasure both in the sexual sphere and in the use of psychoactive substances. So this also makes us discriminate a little more as users. On the other hand, because although there are many reports and research or statistical studies on the consequences of the war on drugs, including the consequence for women in issues of incarceration or the work of peasants there is not much information about women who use drugs in nightlife settings or in other related contexts. With this we must continue to build and deepen strategies to reduce risks and harms especially in the use of substances and sexual practices, we must continue to insist on the need to open spaces for effective participation in women who use drugs both in the design and implementation and evaluation of drug policies. We must also continue to generate scientific evidence against the consumption of psychoactive substances, their interaction effects, in other aspects of women taking into account birth controll pills, hormonal treatments, this kind of things. And we call on feminist civil society organizations to include within their agendas issues of psychoactive substances consumption, the creation of alliances with organizations that work on the reduction of risks and damages, and finally, we call on the entertainment industry, both bars and music festivals, all the promoters and party organizers, to include gender protocols in their establishments. Thank you very much, and now I give the microphone to my colleague Nuria. Today I speak on behalf of Cannabis Women, which is an initiative that was born in March as the first project of the network of anti-prohibitionist women in Spain and obviously because the issue of motherhood understood not only in the gestation process but also the period of breastfeeding and parenting has been one of the main concerns since the beginning of our collective. What is happening in Spain? In any case, there are points of Union that are common, I believe, to all the people who are here, to all countries, and to all health centers around the world, that are therefore the assumption that the consumption of drugs that any substance is harmful to the baby and that total abstinence must be achieved. When we talk about consumption of legal substances, the facts of the damages are well described in the scientific literature but there is no room for maneuver when we are talking about unregulated substances, despite the fact that the results are contradictory inconclusive and are very limited, the samples are not representative and there are many factors of confusion, and it also happens that corruption is not only in the police or at the government level, but in science there is also enough corruption. Another point in common is that it is usually considered that the consumption of any illegal drug in any form is harmful to the fetus. There are no distinctions between substances or between forms of use or that is to say everything is in the same bag and the protocol is activated before any suspicion or when testing positive in any consumption. And I think I would also emphasize that there is some concern and an upward trend to detect these cases of consumption early but always from a punitive point of view. This is considered prenatal abuse and therefore is a situation of helplessness in the face of Catalan legislation. What are the repercussions of the legal time for the mother? I can also speak from my personal experience because I had to face this system because the detection of consumption activates the protocol of a risky pregnancy and there are a series of urine controls both during pregnancy and at the time of birth urine samples are taken from the baby. The results are these controls during pregnancy because obviously they give rise to greater control, a greater surveillance, always from a punitive approach and also has certain repercussions both during breastfeeding because the decision can be made to prohibit breastfeeding the baby and also then that the follow-up by social services that is always a hassle. Other types of impacts are more at the individual level. These interventions can have an impact and transform the unique and unrepeatable and wonderful experience that is pregnancy and also that of childbirth into a real nightmare and the weight of stigma and the criminalization of women falls with all the institutional weight from both health professionals and services. We also often find a condescending treatment because of the type you are not qualified to be a mother or you are a bad mother, a bad influence for your children. This gives a very clear result that is silence. Silence for its price, because if that consumption is explicit, you run the risk of disproportionate actions and although it is not politically correct the recommendation that any pregnant woman would make is in case of consumption never inform your doctor and if he asks you, lie. This results in invisibility and if it is not visible it does not exist and if it does not exist you can not intervene. Therefore from the professionals and health professionals miss the opportunity to make an adequate accompaniment in order to know more about the issue. There is a lot of discussion now a days about the issue of pregnancy. I am the issue of gestation but I think the impact is also very great during parenting, and in that sense I would like to specify two very recent examples. I am a mother of 2 children, a year-old child in full adolescence, and another year-old child. Last week, in one of these routine visits in the rural areas of the police, from time to time, came the police in this routine visit and the scared me. They took away my children because they thought that we were going to go to detention. I wonder what impact this has had on my children, in the construction of the conception they have of their parents, as criminals. My children used to ask if we were criminals, and if police will take us and arrest us, and if my year-old son will be arrested. He has started high school, and has received his first drug prevention workshop and of course when he asked him what the summary, basically it is that drugs are bad, and that is the image in society in general, that people who use drugs are criminals, are sick, are bad, are not educated, are irresponsible. But beyond personal experiences, as you have also commented, in the case of parenting there is also a devastating impact on courts. For example in trials between biological parents and parents who want to take custody from the biological parents, use this argument of drugs to keep their children away and get the custody, or more common between father and mother who are discussing the custody of the children at home in case of separation. And all this only based on suspicion or complaints, without evidence, as you have said before, regardless of abuse or neglect or helplessness, and all the alarms are activated and this is devastating because it ends up separating families. The presumption that using drugs makes you a bad person makes a criminal, and that it is a danger to have children in your charge, and this something that never or rarely arises in the case of alcohol, as Lynn said. A positive in urine does not say anything about the type of consumption. In short, I consider that in this world that is seen and that criminalizes and stigmatizes people who use drugs but especially mothers for it and women for it to mothers for the triple not the triple stigma of being a user being a woman and above all mother then in this world in which we live it is to deal with the education of my children so that they have a discourse a different narrative of drugs when all the inputs they are receiving that is to say they are opposed to it with what they are receiving in the family nucleus because even in the most open family nucleus the grandparents, the uncles, this perspective is also present. I do not know what can be the impact on the perception that children have of the parents. I would like to finish with recommendations that we would make in Cannabis women regarding pregnancy. There is a huge need of promoting research, but rigorous research, and overcoming the limitations before you commented on the participation of groups and women users and in this case our group has participated in a study on maternity and cannabis in agreement with the Department of Health of the Generalitat of Catalonia, a study led by the hospital clinic of Barcelona and we have been able to contribute both women volunteers to the study and participate in the design and analysis of results. I believe that the training of healthcare is fundamental to improve the approach from the health approach, at a global level in the issue of drugs but specifically in the issue that concerns us today, which is in the issue of women and an approach that is less threatening and that overcomes all the barrier of stigma, which is the biggest barrier, in order to establish this open relationship with health professionals. Of course, it is also necessary to review the protocols of prevention of detection and follow-up at the medical and social level, so that the accompaniment is prioritized the reduction of risks and so that we do not prioritize surveillance and control from a punitive point of view. From my personal experience what I can contribute is that knowledge makes us free. Regarding motherhood, I believe that the change is, as you said Zara at the beginning of this talk, about making a paradigm shift, a global change of narrative, of discourses. We have problematized something that was not a problem, that was something normal. The consumption of substances that has been present throughout history, with different uses, and that we have problematized now. It seems that it is a problem. When we talk about normalizing consumption in the face of institutions. I believe that we must normalize consumption when it is not a problematic thing, and that we must also reivindicate the issue of my body my choice. Both for this, and if I want or not to have a baby and what substances I want to take throughout my life regardless of whether I am a mother or not. Thank you very much. I think that society is based on punishing people, especially, you know, black and brown people, and envision as folks, and the way that they do it is by targeting families. So they figure. From there. And so for me, I just really really feel like, you know, we put so much emphasis, and we we kind of use like whatever they say. What I learned when you know going to court with our clients are, you know, parents and stuff? Was that the judge would put so much emphasis and so much trust in what these workers were saying about our parents. Meanwhile we were in the rooms, and we were listening to them. They would not listen to our parents. I think that the mass incarceration movement needs to start connecting the dots with the foster care system and the child regulation system, so that we could work together and see that the majority of have mother of women that go to jail and go to prison is due to drug use or taking the rap for their, you know, spouse or their partner for drugs. So so we can avoid all of this. We need to just really just get, you know. Get rid of these systems. Zara: Definitely, definitely. Drug use the human need to have experiences that are pleasurable, or that relief pain, or that you know, deal with the issues we deal with. We also know that public health approaches harm. Reduction approaches work better than anything else. Year after year at the International Harm Reduction Conferences, somebody else has produced the latest study, comparing abstinence only with harm, reduction, compassionate, respectful approaches. More research to know that none of the criminalized drugs cause costs any unique, or more significant harms than for example, a lifetime of poverty, lack of nutrition, and the the stress that comes, for example, in the United States from constant racism. Thank you so much for being here this morning for waking up very early, for being part of the site event. Hopefully, next year we can all be together, and we can keep having this conversation, because it is clearly an urgent conversation. We know that every day children are being separated from their parents. And we also know that women oftentimes are utilized to protect other people and other interests, and that our bodies are often not our own. But hopefully, more of the research that already exists can filter up to the right people, so that changes can be made. Thank you very much, all of you, for being part of this. Thank you for to the to the audience, and I hope you have a very Good Friday and a very good weekend. Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Side event: Mitigating the risks of corporate capture for legal cannabis markets. Committee of the Whole L7. Intensifying efforts to address the proliferation of uncontrolled and designer precursors used in the illicit manufacture of drugs. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published.

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