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Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Get citations as an Endnote file : Endnote. Alcohol, tobacco and other drug use is a major cause of preventable disease, illness and death in Australia. This report consolidates recent information on the availability and consumption of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs in Australia, and related impacts, harms and treatment. This report is regularly updated with data from a range of sources. There are differences in the source year and frequency of publication. For more information see the Summary of main data sources and Notes. Content is correct as at 29 May Reports released after this date will be included in the next scheduled release. Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable health burden in Australia. Over the past 50 years, levels of apparent consumption of different alcoholic beverages changed substantially. Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in Australia. The non-medical use of pharmaceutical drugs is an ongoing concern internationally. See more data on drug-induced deaths. See more data on alcohol and other drug treatment services. In June , 53, clients received pharmacotherapy treatment for opioid dependence excluding Western Australia. See more data on opioid pharamcotherapy. This website needs JavaScript enabled in order to work correctly; currently it looks like it is disabled. Please enable JavaScript to use this website as intended. We'd love to know any feedback that you have about the AIHW website, its contents or reports. The browser you are using to browse this website is outdated and some features may not display properly or be accessible to you. Please use a more recent browser for the best user experience. You are here: Go to Alcohol. Last updated: 10 Jul Topic: Alcohol. View citation formats for this report Citation Close. Vancouver Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Enter the email address where you would like the PDF sent. This address will not be used for any other purpose. Findings from this report: Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable health burden in Australia Over the past 50 years, levels of apparent consumption of different alcoholic beverages changed substantially Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in Australia The non-medical use of pharmaceutical drugs is an ongoing concern internationally. Insights from latest data update. In this report. Harm minimisation Expand Explore the 3 pillars of harm minimisation, including demand reduction, supply reduction and harm reduction. Explore the 3 pillars of harm minimisation, including demand reduction, supply reduction and harm reduction. Demand reduction. Supply reduction. Harm reduction. Impacts Expand Explore by health, social and economic impacts, including deaths, risky behaviours, and household expenditure. Explore by health, social and economic impacts, including deaths, risky behaviours, and household expenditure. Health impacts. Social impacts. Economic impacts. Drug types Expand Explore by drug type, including availability, consumption, hospitalisations, deaths, and treatment. Explore by drug type, including availability, consumption, hospitalisations, deaths, and treatment. Tobacco and e-cigarettes. Amphetamines and other stimulants. Illicit opioids, including heroin. New and emerging psychoactive substances. Priority populations Expand Explore by priority populations, including consumption, geographic trends, deaths, and treatment. Explore by priority populations, including consumption, geographic trends, deaths, and treatment. People experiencing homelessness. Older people. People from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. People in contact with the criminal justice system. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex or queer people. People with mental health conditions. Younger people. People who inject drugs. Next page. Go back to top. Required fields.

Alcohol, tobacco & other drugs in Australia

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Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Illicit drug use. Illicit drug use \[Internet\]. Get citations as an Endnote file : Endnote. Illicit drug use affects individuals, families and the broader Australian community. These harms are numerous and include:. Some population groups are at greater risk of experiencing disproportionate harms associated with illicit drug use, including young people, people with mental health conditions and people who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender or intersex Department of Health Illicit use of drugs covers the use of a broad range of substances, including:. Each data collection cited on this page uses a slightly different definition of illicit drug use; see the relevant report for information. In —, among people aged 14 and over, the most common illicit drug used recently in the previous 12 months continues to be cannabis, A number of changes were reported in the recent use of illicit drugs between and — In —, an estimated 1. This decline is most likely due to a reclassification of medications containing codeine that was implemented in Under the change, drugs with codeine including some painkillers can no longer be bought from a pharmacy without a prescription. The proportion of people using codeine for non-medical purposes has more than halved since , from 3. The use of hallucinogens and ketamine have both risen. In —, 2. Use of hallucinogens and ketamine in the last 12 months was most common among people aged 20—29 6. Recent use of methamphetamine and amphetamine was low 1. This change represents a break in the time series; for more information, see Methamphetamine and amphetamine in the NDSHS. To better understand illicit drug use in Australia, it is important to consider the frequency of drug use and not just the proportion of people who have used a drug in the previous 12 months. Some drugs are used more often than others, and the health risks of illicit drug use increase with the frequency, type, and quantity of drugs used Degenhardt et al. The line graph shows that recent use of any illicit drug decreased between and , then increased to — Cannabis was the main driver of this effect. Drug-induced deaths are defined as those that can be directly attributable to drug use and includes both those due to acute toxicity for example, drug overdose and those due to chronic use for example, drug-induced cardiac conditions as determined by toxicology and pathology reports see glossary. In addition Figure 2 , in The line graph shows the rate of drug-induced deaths declined between and , then rose between and The rate of deaths then fell across most drug types to This has remained relatively stable since Chrzanowska et al. This included the impact of opioids, amphetamines, cocaine, cannabis and other illicit drug use, as well as unsafe injecting practices. Illicit drug use was responsible for almost all burden due to drug use and disorders excluding alcohol AIHW For more information, see Burden of disease. In —22, hospitalisations with a drug-related principal diagnosis accounted for 1. Amphetamines and other stimulants accounted for 9. For information on drug-related hospitalisations where alcohol was the drug, see Alcohol. The line graph shows the rate of drug-related hospitalisations for amphetamines and other stimulants has fallen since —16, while for other drugs the rate was fairly stable. In The Alcohol and other drug treatment services in Australia annual report shows amphetamines have consistently been the most common illicit principal drug of concern since — Treatment episodes for amphetamines as the principal drug of concern almost doubled between —14 and —20 from 29, to 61, , before falling to 52, in — Between —14 and —23, treatment episodes for heroin declined from 12, to 9, and fluctuated for cannabis, peaking at 45, in —16 AIHW a. For more information, see Alcohol and other drug treatment services. The social impacts of illicit drug use are pervasive and include criminal activity, engagement with the criminal justice system and victimisation. For example:. The National Drug Strategy — specifies priority populations who have a high risk of experiencing direct and indirect harm as a result of drug use, including young people, people with mental health conditions and people who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender or intersex Department of Health Young people are susceptible to permanent damage from alcohol and other drug use as their brains are still developing, which makes them a vulnerable population Department of Health As a group, young people aged 14—29 in — were less likely to have used an illicit drug in the previous 12 months than people of the same age in Drug use and trends in young people however, vary considerably within this age range. The bar graph shows that ecstasy use was higher than cocaine use until around , when cocaine became more common. Use of hallucinogens is lower but has been rising since The presence of a mental health condition may lead to a drug use disorder, or vice versa. In some cases where there is a comorbidity, the person who uses drugs can develop a drug use disorder as a consequence of repeated use to relieve or cope with mental health symptoms Marel et al. The ABS National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing reports prevalence estimates of month mental disorders as the number of people who met the diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder at some time in their life and had sufficient symptoms of that disorder in the previous 12 months. The — study found:. For example, mental health conditions were reported by:. For more information, see Physical health of people with mental illness. People who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender diverse or queer can be at an increased risk of licit and illicit drug use. These risks can be increased by a number of issues such as stigma and discrimination, familial issues, fear of discrimination and fear of identification Department of Health The NDSHS provides substance use estimates by sexual orientation for people who are lesbian, gay or bisexual, as well as estimates for people who are transgender or gender diverse AIHW c. After adjusting for differences in age, in comparison to heterosexual people, lesbian, gay or bisexual people were:. The survey was conducted from September to October and participants needed to be aged between 14 and 21 years. The survey shows that in the previous 6 months:. Within the past 6 months, For more on this topic, see Illicit use of drugs. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, accessed 31 March This website needs JavaScript enabled in order to work correctly; currently it looks like it is disabled. Please enable JavaScript to use this website as intended. We'd love to know any feedback that you have about the AIHW website, its contents or reports. The browser you are using to browse this website is outdated and some features may not display properly or be accessible to you. Please use a more recent browser for the best user experience. You are here: Go to Illicit use of drugs. Illicit drug use Web article. Last updated: 10 Jul Topic: Illicit use of drugs. View citation formats for this report Citation Close. MLA Illicit drug use. Vancouver Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Enter the email address where you would like the PDF sent. This address will not be used for any other purpose. Illicit drug use is an Australia's health topic. Alcohol 10 Jul Tobacco and e-cigarettes 10 Jul Health promotion and health protection 02 Jul These harms are numerous and include: health impacts such as burden of disease, injury, overdose and death social impacts such as violence, crime and trauma economic impacts such as the cost of health care and law enforcement. Definition of illicit drug use Illicit use of drugs covers the use of a broad range of substances, including: illegal drugs — drugs prohibited from manufacture, sale or possession in Australia, including cocaine, heroin and amphetamine-type stimulants pharmaceuticals — drugs available from a pharmacy, over-the-counter or by prescription, which may be subject to non-medical use when used for purposes, or in quantities, other than for the medical purposes for which they were prescribed. Examples include opioid-based pain relief medications, opioid substitution therapies, benzodiazepines, steroids, and over-the-counter codeine not available since 1 February other psychoactive substances — legal or illegal, used in a potentially harmful way — for example, synthetic cannabis and other synthetic drugs; inhalants such as petrol, paint or glue Department of Health Health impact Deaths Drug-induced deaths are defined as those that can be directly attributable to drug use and includes both those due to acute toxicity for example, drug overdose and those due to chronic use for example, drug-induced cardiac conditions as determined by toxicology and pathology reports see glossary. Hospitalisations In —22, hospitalisations with a drug-related principal diagnosis accounted for 1. In —22, drug-related hospitalisations for: Amphetamines and other stimulants decreased to 47 hospitalisations per , people from 59 hospitalisations per , people in — Opioids decreased to 23 hospitalisations per , people from 26 hospitalisations per , people in —21 Figure 3. Non-opioid analgesics saw a decrease from 32 hospitalisations per , people in —21 to 28 hospitalisations per , people in — Figure 3: Hospitalisations by selected drug-related principal diagnosis, number and crude rate, —16 to — People with mental health conditions The presence of a mental health condition may lead to a drug use disorder, or vice versa. The — study found: 3. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender diverse, and queer people People who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender diverse or queer can be at an increased risk of licit and illicit drug use. After adjusting for differences in age, in comparison to heterosexual people, lesbian, gay or bisexual people were: Where do I go for more information? Go back to top. Required fields.

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