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Either your web browser doesn't support Javascript or it is currently turned off. In the latter case, please turn on Javascript support in your web browser and reload this page. Refer to the copyright information in the article for licensing details. Free full text in Europe PMC. The administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA or ecstasy causes memory impairment, whereas neurogenesis improves memory and learning. Hence, this study evaluated the effects of MDMA on neurogenesis in the hippocampus of male rats. We assessed nestin, sex-determining region Y-box 2 Sox2 , and NeuroD expressions according to the immunohistochemistry analyses. The reduction in NeuroD expression was age-related. MDMA possibly has negative effects on neurogenesis, which specifically results from impaired survival of newborn cells. There was an age-related decline in the neurogenesis of the control and MDMA-treated groups. Ecstasy or 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA binds to 5-HT transporter and inhibits serotonin absorption and subsequently serotonin accumulation in the synaptic cleft, which leads to an early release of serotonin. Following the acute release of serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT , serotonin levels are reversibly depleted 3—4 h after ecstasy administration. This depletion persists for at least one week and causes neuronal damage and memory impairment. There is a correlation between neurogenesis in the hippocampus and memory. It seems that serotonin alterations in the hippocampus after MDMA administration may play a critical role in the neurogenesis deficits in the hippocampus, which should be investigated further. Ecstasy or 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA has been used recreationally since the s. Pharmacologic studies have shown that MDMA binds to 5-HT transporter and inhibits serotonin absorption and subsequently 5-HT accumulation in the synaptic cleft, which leads to the early release of 5-HT Simantov, MDMA causes neuronal damage and memory impairment Asi et al. Given the fundamental role of the hippocampus in learning and memory Barzegar et al. Jessberger et al. We previously demonstrated that MDMA treatment could lead to neuronal degeneration and cell death in the hippocampus, with subsequent memory impairment Shariati et al. Although the toxic effects of MDMA on the brain have been widely studied, little is known about the effects of MDMA on different phases of neurogenesis in the hippocampus. MDMA administration leads to memory impairment Shariati et al. Based on Schmidt et al. We used our previously reported protocol for the IHC analyses Alipanahzadeh et al. We assessed the DG region of the hippocampus by a light microscope with an attached digital camera. We counted five serial sections at 40x magnification to determine the average neuronal counts for each animal. Nestin-positive cells were counted in the hippocampus DG Figure 1. I: Dentate gyrus at low magnification x The arrow shows nestin-positive cells. The results showed that Sox2 expression was higher in the control groups. Further analysis indicated significant differences between the groups Figure 2. The arrow shows Sox2-positive cells. However, in contrast to nestin and Sox2, no significant differences existed between the control day 7; The arrow shows NeuroD-positive cells. In this study, we found a deficit in neurogenesis following MDMA treatment. We observed that the expression levels of nestin, Sox2, and NeuroD decreased in the hippocampus of MDMA-treated rats compared with the control groups. Increased environmental complexity enhances neurogenesis by increasing cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation in the hippocampus of adult mice Brown et al. Substance abuse reduces neurogenesis and affects cell proliferation and differentiation Castilla-Ortega et al. Dominguez-Escriba et al. Our findings supported the results of Hernandez-Rabaza et al. NeuroD is expressed in intermediate cells in the initial phases of neurogenesis and serves to expand the population of neuroblasts Kang et al. We found significant differences in the expression of neurogenesis-related proteins between day 7 and day 60 groups of the controls. This finding supported the hypothesis that neurogenesis dramatically decreases during aging. The current study results supported those by Spalding et al. Although a decrease in synaptic density in the DG has been shown in the aged brain, the mechanism of age-related decline in neurogenesis is unclear and needs to be investigated. Previous results have shown that MDMA caused a neuronal degeneration and reduction in the newborn cells in the hippocampus Renoir et al. Lesions in serotonin neurons in the raphe nuclei led to a decrease in newborn cells. The hippocampus is a target of serotonergic nerve cells. This study was supported by the Iran University of Medical Sciences Europe PMC requires Javascript to function effectively. Search life-sciences literature 44,, articles, preprints and more Search Advanced search. This website requires cookies, and the limited processing of your personal data in order to function. By using the site you are agreeing to this as outlined in our privacy notice and cookie policy. Soleimani Asl S 1 ,. Ghasemi Moravej F 1 ,. Kowsari G 2 ,. Farhadi MH 3 ,. Pourhaydar B 4 ,. Ghasemi Hamidabadi H 5 ,. Mehdizadeh M 6. Affiliations 1. Authors Kowsari G 2. Authors Farhadi MH 3. Authors Pourhaydar B 4. Authors Ghasemi Hamidabadi H 5. Share this article Share with email Share with twitter Share with linkedin Share with facebook. Abstract Introduction The administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA or ecstasy causes memory impairment, whereas neurogenesis improves memory and learning. Conclusion MDMA possibly has negative effects on neurogenesis, which specifically results from impaired survival of newborn cells. Free full text. Basic Clin Neurosci. Published online Jul 1. PMID: Sara Soleimani Asl 1. Find articles by Sara Soleimani Asl. Fahimeh Ghasemi Moravej 1. Find articles by Fahimeh Ghasemi Moravej. Golshad Kowsari 2. Find articles by Golshad Kowsari. Mohammad Hassan Farhadi 3. Find articles by Mohammad Hassan Farhadi. Bagher Pourhaydar 4. Find articles by Bagher Pourhaydar. Hatef Ghasemi Hamidabadi 5. Find articles by Hatef Ghasemi Hamidabadi. Mehdi Mehdizadeh 6. Find articles by Mehdi Mehdizadeh. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Go to:. Introduction: The administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA or ecstasy causes memory impairment, whereas neurogenesis improves memory and learning. Conclusion: MDMA possibly has negative effects on neurogenesis, which specifically results from impaired survival of newborn cells. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Conflict of interest The authors declared no conflict of interest. Abbink M. Early-life stress diminishes the increase in neurogenesis after exercise in adult female mice. Hippocampus , 27 8 , — Cell Journal Yakhteh , 16 3 , — Non-acute effects of different doses of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on spatial memory in the Morris water maze in Sprague-Dawley male rats. Neural Regeneration Research , 6 22 , — Attenuation of ecstasy-induced neurotoxicity by N-acetylcysteine. Metabolic Brain Disease , 30 1 , — Effects of cannabinoid and glutamate receptor antagonists and their interactions on learning and memory in male rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior , , 87— Notch regulates cell fate and dendrite morphology of newborn neurons in the postnatal dentate gyrus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 51 , — Serotonin may stimulate granule cell proliferation in the adult hippocampus, as observed in rats grafted with foetal raphe neurons. European Journal of Neuroscience , 12 1 , — Enriched environment and physical activity stimulate hippocampal but not olfactory bulb neurogenesis. European Journal of Neuroscience , 17 10 , —6. The impact of cocaine on adult hippocampal neurogenesis: potential neurobiological mechanisms and contributions to maladaptive cognition in cocaine addiction disorder. Biochemical Pharmacology , , — British Journal of Pharmacology , 1 , —6. Neurotoxicity Research , 32 4 , — Chronic cocaine exposure impairs progenitor proliferation but spares survival and maturation of neural precursors in adult rat dentate gyrus. European Journal of Neuroscience , 24 2 , — Regulation of adult neurogenesis by psychotropic drugs and stress. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , 2 , —7. The role of medial prefrontal cortex in memory and decision making. Neuron , 76 6 , — Pharmacological Reviews , 55 3 , — Increased anxiety in rats after 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine: Association with serotonin depletion. European Journal of Pharmacology , 1 , 89— Neuropharmacology , 51 5 , — Dentate gyrus-specific knockdown of adult neurogenesis impairs spatial and object recognition memory in adult rats. Neurogenesis and developmental anesthetic neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology and Teratology , 60 , 33— Neural progenitor cells from the ventral hippocampus are more sensitive to long-term exposure to corticosterone. European Neuropsychopharmacology , 27 1 , S19—S Parallel information processing in the water maze: Evidence for independent memory systems involving dorsal striatum and hippocampus. Behavioral and Neural Biology , 61 3 , — Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Memory. Bregma, lambda and the interaural midpoint in stereotaxic surgery with rats of different sex, strain and weight. Journal of Neuroscience Methods , 13 2 , — International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology , 11 8 , — In vitro and in vivo neurochemical effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine on striatal monoaminergic systems in the rat brain. Biochemical Pharmacology , 36 5 , — Acute effects of ecstasy on memory are more extensive than chronic effects. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience , 5 3 , — Life Sciences , 74 7 , — Dynamics of hippocampal neurogenesis in adult humans. Cell , 6 , — Adult hippocampal neurogenesis: regulation by HIV and drugs of abuse. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences , 64 16 , — Hippocampal neurogenesis: Opposing effects of stress and antidepressant treatment. Hippocampus , 16 3 , — Mechanisms and functional implications of adult neurogenesis. Cell , 4 , — Abstract Highlights Plain Language Summary 1. Introduction 2. Results 4. External link. Please review our privacy policy.

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Buy Ecstasy online in Urmia