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Arch Neurosci. In Morocco, cannabis consumption is illegal; however, it is already widely cultivated and consumed in different traditional forms. This drug incorporates cannabis as the principal ingredient, and different substances along with atropine, hallucinogenic plants, poppy seeds, and psychotropic tablets; noticeably, this composition changed into the maximum incriminated substance of drug poisoning instances pronounced of the Poison Control and Pharmacovigilance Centre of Morocco 1. It is a dough crafted from hashish resin and vegetable spices, known for its aphrodisiac effects 1 , 2. This drug, as well as many others, can have negative consequences for drug users, affecting their physical and mental health 3. It can also affect judgment, decrease intellectual functioning, and even lead to memory loss 4. For young populations, specifically adolescents, the risks are high 1. In However, the predominant clinical signs were gastrointestinal for From a psychological and neurological point of view, drug addiction is a direct cause of cognitive disorders. Additionally, the brain regions and processes involved in addiction largely overlap with those involved in critical cognitive functions. These functions include learning, memory, attention, reasoning, and impulse control. These modifications in the brain can lead to neurobehavioral adaptation favoring chronic addiction with difficulty weaning 6. On the other hand, visual attention refers to the cognitive process that mediates the selection of relevant information and the filtering out of data from visual scenes 7. It is a real scourge that is spreading at an alarming rate. At a young age, especially in the school environment, we are witnessing a growing addiction to these substances. The neurological and neurocognitive effects of these drugs have been widely debated. However, Maajoune contains several known highly toxic components, such as cannabis and Papaver somniferum L. The present study aimed to investigate the neurocognitive effects i. It is often eaten with cakes, sweets, dishes, or as an accompaniment to hot drinks. Furthermore, it can be used for addictive purposes given the accessibility of these components, their low cost, and their ease of preparation. The composition of this mixture differs by region; however, Indian hemp is almost constant. The active ingredient is tetrahydrocannabinol THC and its derivatives. Indian hemp is traditional. It is a sedative, narcotic, and antispasmodic, used in three forms: marijuana, hashish, and hashish oil. They can be differentiated according to their THC content and secondly by their method of preparation from female plants. Afterward, consumers add other products whose toxicity varies; there are several varieties depending on the components and the method of preparation. This randomized case-control analytical study was conducted in 3 addiction centers and the Child Protection Center of the central region. Afterward, the control cases were recruited from four schools situated in the same region. Young individuals aged between 10 and 18 years who used Maajoune exclusively were included in the present study. Adolescents who have been diagnosed with neurological diseases causing cognitive disorders e. During the data collection, the privacy and confidentiality of the participants were respected. Therefore, the right to self-determination was also considered. This battery was designed to evaluate areas of cognitive activity suspected of alcohol and other drugs based on research on adults and adolescents 4 , 9 - 11 , identifying six common areas of addiction-related deficits: 1 general intelligence; 2 language; 3 visuospatial; 4 attention; 5 memory; and 6 problem-solving skills. The visual attention function analysis was assessed through the Bells Test, which is both a quantitative and qualitative test for attention deficit neglect. It is widely used for USN diagnosis 12 , 13 ; the patient must cross out bells scattered among several different shapes on a sheet of paper. The test is generally easy to administer and score; it allows quick visualization of the jump locations and the visuospatial model of the scan. Therefore, it provides a sensitive estimate of the USN when the difference is calculated between the number of strikethrough targets on the right side and the number of strikethrough targets on the left side skewness score. This index provides information on the selective omission of target stimuli in the contralesional hemispace, a well-known indication of USN. It was also observed that the omission of target stimuli across the entire sheet and the operating time were effective in assessing attentional processing separately from asymmetric exploration In addition, ignoring target stimuli from the entire sheet and execution time assesses the attentional component independent of asymmetric studies 6 , 7 , 12 , It consists of seven columns, each of which contains a certain number of goals. First, the examined subjects are presented with a sheet of Then, a total of 35 targets bells are distributed equally in seven columns. Out of seven columns, three were on the left side of the page, one was in the middle, and three were on the right side. It can also be suggested as greater neglect of the left side of the space. In this version, a calibration from the primary school levels to the high school levels was added. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version The descriptive analysis consisted of the calculation of absolute and relative frequencies for qualitative variables. Then, positioning and dispersion parameters for quantitative variables were generated using standard statistical parameters i. For this purpose, the current study used a multivariate statistical method, namely correspondence factor analysis CFA and the chi-square test. Their mother is unemployed, and their father is not a drug consumer Figure 4. The mean age of the studied population was 16 years range: 10 - 18 years , with a sex ratio of 0. The mean age of the onset of drug use was 12 years range: 7 - 17 years , the mean duration of use was 3 years range: 1 - 8 years , and the median was 2. The frequency of use was daily in 54 subjects. Attempts to quit were reported by 42 participants, 8 attempts of which were followed by a healthcare professional Table 1. On the other hand, omissions 1 - 4 followed by omissions 0 were related to non-addicts to drugs. The median scores were 26 and Four types of dominant visual neglect were registered Table 2. The average age of the first drug use ranged between 10 and 15 years for 34 adolescents. The neurological effect and induced alteration were not recognized 5 , The duration of drug use was mainly less than 4 years. The Bells Test designed by Gauthier et al. It has been reported that cannabis, ecstasy, amphetamines, and cocaine can impair cognitive functioning. In similar studies, the most common negative effects of illicit drug use were health-related mental disorders, including mood disorders dysphoria , anxiety, panic attacks, sleep disturbances, and memory loss Neglect often occurs after damage to the right hemisphere of the brain caused by a stroke in the middle cerebral artery. Although this abnormality is often associated with parietal lesions, most middle cerebral artery strokes affect multiple regions. Many patients present with various combinations of parietal, temporal, and frontal lesions In addition, neglect might follow a subcortical stroke, although this might be related to hypoperfusion and dysfunction of the upper cortical areas It is believed that these abnormalities are caused by the endogenous cannabinoid system. This regulates a variety of physiological functions via specific cannabinoid receptors CBs expressed in the brain and peripheral tissues. Cannabinoid CB1 receptors mediate various neurological processes; nevertheless, CB2 receptors regulate immune responses and are involved in drug addiction and neuroinflammation Several studies suggest that impairments or abnormalities in different types of tasks are likely localized to some regions. Moreover, neglect results from damage to the neuronal networks of some regions involved in attention Recent studies have shown that it can also result from damage to white matter tracts, particularly the superior longitudinal fasciculus, particularly in the cortical and subcortical regions. Acute intoxication might lead to persistent impairments in emotional and cognitive processing due to irreversible brain damage 13 , The right frontal and parietal regions involved in spatial functions, including attention deployment, are also involved in several non-spatial processes, such as the ability to maintain performance on a task over an extended period of time. The right hemispheric lateralization of these cognitive domains also explains the increased severity of left neglect compared to the right 6 , The present study also diagnosed a right semi-neglect in the group of drug addicts, probably due to a left hemisphere lesion. This syndrome increases the severity of motor and sensory deficits and predicts poor functional prognosis Mild residual impairing effects were also observed in these exact same cognitive domains, suggesting that adverse effects following cannabis intoxication persist for at least days or weeks following cannabis abstinence El Azmy et al. This finding is confirmed by several studies that reported the existence of a link between visual processing and academic success 21 , The drugs consumed by the young participants in the current study will probably affect cognitive functions and engender visual attention deficits, such as visuospatial hemineglect. The results of another study showed that several drugs e. It is possible to think about the need to care for these young individuals with neurocognitive deficits due to this drug addiction. Over the years, a large number of studies and many different techniques have been proposed to treat neglect symptoms. Among these proposed rehabilitation methods are eye-patching, caloric vestibular stimulation, visuomotor imagery, mirror therapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation TENS , optokinetic stimulation, and constraint-induced movement therapy 1 , The evaluation of the effects of drug addiction, commonly used by young individuals, on cognitive functions indicated a set of cognitive disorders detected in adolescents addicted to different drugs, such as cannabis, synthetic glue, and cocaine. Chronic dependence on these drugs e. It is imperative that drug addiction treatment centers and socio-educational institutions rethink strategies for caring for this population through the development of a more comprehensive care plan for drug addicts based on a holistic and global approach. In addition to assessing physical health, neurocognitive and behavioral disorders associated with drug use also need to be evaluated and corrected. Consequently, it will have a direct impact on their academic progress and future prospects. Madrid, Spain. Clin Toxicol Phila ; Caponi-Tabery GD. Paul Bowles: Romantic Savage. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Scherer KR. Neuroscience findings are consistent with appraisal theories of emotion; but does the brain 'respect' constructionism? Behav Brain Sci. Pharmacological effects of harmine and its derivatives: a review. Arch Pharm Res. Gould TJ. Addiction and cognition. Addict Sci Clin Pract. Visual Attention. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; Org Lett. Cognitive loss and recovery in long-term alcohol abusers. Arch Gen Psychiatry. Dhingra VK, Khan S. A sociological study on stigma among TB patients in Delhi. Indian J Tuberc. Front Psychol. J Neurol Neurosci. Ayahuasca and the traveller: A scoping review of risks and possible benefits. Travel Med Infect Dis. Pan Afr Med J. Int J Clin Neuropsychol. Review of the many faces of synthetic cannabinoid toxicities. Ment Health Clin. Neurotoxicity of Exogenous Cannabinoids. In: Kostrzewa RM, editor. Handbook of Neurotoxicity. Cham, Germany: Springer; Ryan C, Butters N. The neuropsychology of alcoholism. The neuropsychology handbook. Bourque J, Potvin S. Front Psychiatry. Cognitive recovery with abstinence and its relationship to family history for alcoholism. J Stud Alcohol. The effects of ecstasy on neurotransmitter systems: a review on the findings of molecular imaging studies. Psychopharmacology Berl. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. J Alcoholism Drug Depend. We use cookies to provide you with the best possible experience. They also allow us to analyze user behavior in order to constantly improve the website for you. Navigate to Archives of Neuroscience. Archives of Neuroscience: Vol. Abstract Background: Maajoune is a dough prepared using hemp resin and certain plants known for their aphrodisiac effects. This drug is manufactured in North African countries. The neurocognitive evaluation was performed by the Bells Test visual attention deficits, unilateral spatial neglect, memory, and executive functions. SPSS software version 20 was used to perform statistical analysis consisting of descriptive and qualitative analyses. Results: This study was conducted on participants aged between 10 and 18 years. Conclusions: The study results confirmed that Maajoune consumption significantly affected attention, executive function, and memory in young individuals. These findings highlight the urgent need for research that elucidates the neurobiological changes caused by Maajoune consumption in human health. Background In Morocco, cannabis consumption is illegal; however, it is already widely cultivated and consumed in different traditional forms. Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the neurocognitive effects i. Methods 3. Piece of Maajoune Figure 1. Piece of Maajoune. Figure 2. Bells Test task sheet presented to the subject Gauthier et al. Figure 3. Bells Test scoring sheet used by the examiner Gauthier et al. Figure 4. Epidemiological, social, and environmental characteristics. Table 1. Characteristics of Maajoune Users a. Female; No. Age y Figure 5. Correspondence factor analysis CFA of visual attention test. Table 2. Non-addicts; No. Omissions Figure 6. Sample repartition according to the educational level. Figure 7. Analysis of the effect of Maajoune on attention and working memory. Table 3. Education level 1. References 1. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4. Leave a comment here:. Cookie Setting We use cookies to provide you with the best possible experience.

Buy Ecstasy online in Marrakesh

Activities by an organized crime group involving the illegal entry, transit or residence of migrants for a financial or material benefit. The production, transport, storage and sale of goods that are fraudulently mislabeled or fraudulent imitations of registered brands. The illicit transport, handling and sale of excise consumer goods despite a ban or outside a legal market. Excludes oil and counterfeits. The illicit trade and possession of species covered by CITES convention, and other species protected under national law. The poaching, illicit trade in and possession of species covered by CITES and other species protected by national law. Includes IUU fishing. The illicit extraction, smuggling, mingling, bunkering or mining of natural resources and the illicit trade of such commodities. The production, distribution and sale of heroin. Consumption of the drug is considered in determining the reach of the criminal market. The production, distribution and sale of cocaine and its derivatives. Consumption is considered in determining the reach of the market. The illicit cultivation, distribution and sale of cannabis oil, resin, herb or leaves. Consumption is used to determine the market's reach. The production, distribution and sale of synthetic drugs. Organized crime that results in a monetary loss via financial fraud, embezzlement, misuse of funds, tax evasion and abusive tax avoidance. Clearly defined organized crime groups that usually have a known name, defined leadership, territorial control and identifiable membership. Loose networks of criminal associates engaging in criminal activities who fail to meet the defining characteristics of mafia-style groups. Includes foreign nationals and diaspora groups. The State's role in responding to organized crime and its effectiveness. The degree to which states have put oversight mechanisms in place to ensure against state collusion in illicit activities. A country's supranational structures and processes of interaction, policy making and concrete implementation to respond to organized crime. The degree to which states are able to control their physical and cyber territory and infrastructure against organized criminal activities. Assistance provided to victims of various forms of organized crime, including initiatives such as witness protection programs. Refers to the existence of strategies, measures, resource allocation, programmes and processes that are aimed to inhibit organized crime. Morocco serves as a source, destination and transit point for victims of forced labour and sex trafficking. While both adults and children are affected, adults are more commonly victimized. Most trafficking victims are Moroccan nationals. However, undocumented female migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia transiting through the country are particularly vulnerable to human trafficking. There are reports of foreign nationals engaging in child sex tourism in major Moroccan cities. Morocco remains a critical origin and transit point for human smuggling, with people of diverse nationalities using it as a staging point from which to reach Europe. Each year the authorities arrest thousands of people attempting to leave the country through irregular forms of migration. A post increase in human smuggling is attributed to the social, economic and political challenges in African countries during and after the COVID pandemic, pushing thousands of young people to seek ways to migrate towards Europe. Irregular migrants also encounter extortion and racketeering by members of organized criminal groups that demand payment for the 'right' to safe passage. Kidnapping, forcible confinement and identity theft for the purpose of extortion are also prevalent in the country, with hundreds of millions of dollars reportedly being collected in profits by criminal groups. Morocco's strict surveillance of its territory, the ban on the use of arms by civilians and regulations that impose long prison sentences for their use have helped to reduce arms trafficking. The number of weapons seizures remains limited, although there have been reports of the illegal manufacture of firearms for drug trafficking purposes. Morocco is a major player in the illicit trade in counterfeit goods, its weak law enforcement, low taxes and light customs controls in free zones making it a thriving market. As a result, it is one of the main origin countries for counterfeit goods bound for Europe. While the authorities have tried to tackle this illicit activity, resource constraints remain a significant challenge. Illicit trade in excise goods, particularly cigarettes, is a major issue, with the country serving as a source or transit point for illegal trade into Europe. Billions of illicit cigarettes flow from the Western Sahara to Morocco before reaching Europe. While Morocco has made significant efforts to combat illicit trade, there are concerns about e-cigarettes, which could trigger illicit trade in counterfeit products and endanger the health of smokers. The consumption of alcohol is higher there than in other countries in the region, leading to illicit trade. Security services have seized various types of alcohol, including medical alcohol, wine and beer, and have dismantled criminal networks involved in the trade, leading to several arrests and confiscations. The volume of flora crimes in Morocco is low, with the Atlas Cedar the only species identified as subject to illegal logging for resale. On the other hand, while there is no significant presence of organized criminal involvement in the wildlife trade, much of the trade is illegal, and the absence of enforcement of existing animal welfare laws means there are few deterrents. Species illegally traded include the elegant goldfinch and the barbary macaque, often with Europe as the destination. Some species remain in the country, where they are exploited in the tourism industry as props for photographs and shows. The trafficking of eels, destined for the Spanish and Asian markets, and the capture of endangered species such as the noon fish, the spur-thighed tortoise, North African hedgehog, Mediterranean chameleons and Egyptian cobra, are also prevalent. However, some fuel smuggling from Algeria to Morocco continues in the area. The heroin trade is a significant problem in the northern regions of Morocco, particularly Nador, Tetouan and Tangier. Most heroin in the country comes from Europe and is bartered for cannabis resin in the Rif. Although there were indications of supply chain disruptions during the COVID pandemic, new trafficking routes have emerged and the wholesale drug trade appears to be largely unaffected. Morocco is also an important trans-shipment point for cocaine destined for European markets. Although there is a limited but growing local market for this drug, the main focus of trafficking is transshipment abroad. The price of cocaine in Morocco has decreased significantly in the past decade, probably because of the increased availability of the drug. The country is one of the world's leading cannabis producers, with the Rif region being the primary centre of production. While there is significant local consumption in the country, Moroccan cannabis is also distributed internationally, including to African and European markets. The authorities are reluctant to dismantle the cannabis trade because it is often the primary source of income for large segments of the population. In addition to cannabis, there are reports of increased consumption in Morocco of ecstasy, crystal methamphetamine and Karkoubi a cocktail of various synthetic drugs, solvents, and benzodiazepines. Its increasing popularity is driven by its ubiquity and the extremely low price, which makes it accessible to lower-income and middle-class users. The rise in cyber threats is a daily concern in Morocco, as the country becomes more reliant on digital infrastructure and attacks get more sophisticated. In , authorities detected and neutralized hundreds of cybersecurity threats, mostly aimed at government ministries and public institutions. The country also recorded high levels of Distributed Denial of Service activity in the last few years. Despite these attacks, no significant damage or losses were reported, and there was overall no major impact on the economic and financial systems or on infrastructure. Financial crimes such as tax evasion and fiscal fraud continue to hinder efforts to broaden the tax base. Real estate fraud and embezzlement of public funds in the security and health sectors have resulted in the loss of hundreds of millions of Moroccan dirhams. The country has also lost billions of dollars to tax evasion and fraud schemes perpetrated by multinational companies, and banks have reported cases of embezzlement of customer deposits. Various types of fraud have been identified, mainly relating to cheques and cards, with the most common techniques including skimming, misuse of card data, fraudulent opening of accounts, improper payment reversals and hacking of automated data systems, servers and networks. Cyber-enabled incidents have also been reported, with breaches of customer accounts resulting in unauthorized transactions. They are also believed to have ties with the highest political and administrative circles in the kingdom. Corruption, primarily at the low level of state apparatus, continues to be an issue, with law enforcement officers sometimes involved in or linked to trafficking networks. The culture of nepotism and intermediaries known as wasta is prevalent in the country and is vital for the illegal trade in goods and drug trafficking to prosper. The revenues from drug trafficking and human smuggling feed into corruption at all state levels, making these networks hard to dismantle. Foreign criminal groups have strong ties to domestic criminal networks in Morocco, but their degree of activity in the country is limited. Although Latin American drug trafficking organizations have been involved in cocaine trafficking and refining in the country and Italian organized crime groups have played a role in transporting Moroccan kif to Europe, their presence has not had a significant impact on violence or government corruption. There is little evidence that specific areas of the private sector are controlled by criminals. However, the financial sector is at high risk of infiltration. There are also concerns that the real estate sector is exposed to the risk of money laundering from domestic and transnational crime. Morocco faces significant challenges in combating organized crime due to political interests and a focus on stability over the rule of law. While the government has made efforts to combat the illicit arms trade and has introduced changes aimed at reducing the use of cannabis, corruption remains systemic and chronic and there has been no tangible progress in the fight against it. Chronic corruption was highlighted during the COVID pandemic, when the government awarded public contracts with little transparency or oversight. Although the authorities communicate crime statistics and seizure data, law enforcement and military personnel remain insufficiently accountable. Morocco has been engaging in effective international cooperation, particularly intelligence sharing with the European Union, and aims to strengthen regional and international cooperation to combat and eliminate smuggling networks. While the country is not a signatory to the UN Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants, it has signed the Council of Europe Convention on the counterfeiting of medical products and has made progress in cybersecurity, including the establishment of the Cyber Security Center for Africa and a new Cyber Security Operations Center. The country has also made strides in developing a path toward cyber resilience and readiness and has partnered with NATO in training initiatives in this field. At the national level, Morocco has strong anti-organized crime legislation and a legal framework based on civil law, but the effective implementation of these laws and frameworks remains a challenge. Moreover, the country has approved a bill to legalize the use of the cannabis plant, aiming to attract global investment for medical and industrial purposes and establish a legal framework for its development. However, it remains unclear how partial legalization will impact small farmers in northern Morocco, who, together with their representatives, have voiced concerns that the new law is set to primarily benefit well connected individuals with access to substantial capital. Because of this, there is a risk that a two-track system is emerging in Morocco, with both illicit and licit cultivation in key grow areas. Although the judiciary's independence is guaranteed by law and the prosecutor is institutionally separated from the Ministry of Justice, the judiciary has little independence. The country's courts are frequently used to target opposition voices and magistrates continue to suffer from an antiquated system. The judiciary faces numerous challenges, including weak logistics inside the courts, heavy caseloads and limited financial incentives for exceptional work. Prisons are overcrowded and prisoners are frequently subjected to human rights abuses. Special investigative units have been established to combat organized crime and the national security agency has improved its scientific and technical ability to investigate crime. In terms of territorial integrity, Morocco has established a military zone on the eastern border with Algeria. Land and sea borders are fairly porous, with significant drug trafficking and irregular migration flows at crossing points, such as the Ceuta enclave. Morocco's anti-money laundering legislation continues to lag behind international norms, despite some advances in related sections of the criminal code. In February , the country was greylisted for its lack of alignment with international measures against money laundering and terrorist financing but it was removed from the list two years later, in February , because of recent tangible improvements in its anti-money laundering processes. Although the country has made significant economic progress in the past three decades by adopting a liberal approach, diversifying economic activities and encouraging the industrial and service sectors, there are still challenges related to the informal economy. The high unemployment rate, the inflation of public debt and the resulting increase in social disparities are among the challenges. Despite the existence of a legal framework pertaining to victim protection, consisting of legal aid, housing assistance and medical care among other facilities, the laws are inadequately implemented. The country continues to provide assistance for drug addicts through drug treatment and rehabilitation centres, although there are not enough of these. Crime prevention activities take place in Morocco but are limited in practice and implemented mostly by foundations and NGOs. In relation to cybersecurity, the government has implemented preventive measures to protect Moroccan systems, monitoring them constantly and alerting the relevant authorities about security threats. Law enforcement agencies have also developed several encryption programmes to prevent attacks and improve the national telecommunications system. Although civil society has become increasingly active in recent years, freedom of speech remains restricted. Moroccan authorities detain or prosecute journalists and civil and human rights activists for expressing their opinions through the media or social networking sites and courts impose harsh sentences on journalists and opposition activists after questionable trials. Despite the adoption of a press law, authorities continue to use criminal law to prosecute and imprison defendants instead of using the law applicable to these cases. The criminal markets score is represented by the pyramid base size and the criminal actors score is represented by the pyramid height, on a scale ranging from 1 to The resilience score is represented by the panel height, which can be identified by the side of the panel. A series of 13 discussion papers, one for each illicit market considered during the development of the Index. We're constantly working to improve the Index. By participating in this survey, you will be providing us with insights and suggestions that will help us make the Index an even better resource. This report was funded in part by a grant from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State. Capital Rabat. Income group Lower middle income. Population 37,, Geography type Coastal. GINI Index Criminal markets 5. An assessment of the value, prevalence and non-monetary impacts of a specific crime type. Human trafficking 5. Human smuggling 7. Extortion and protection racketeering 5. Arms trafficking 2. Trade in counterfeit goods 6. Illicit trade in excisable goods 6. Flora crimes 2. Fauna crimes 4. Non-renewable resource crimes 1. Heroin trade 4. Cocaine trade 6. Cannabis trade 9. Synthetic drug trade 6. Cyber-dependent crimes 4. Financial crimes 7. Criminal actors 4. An assessment of the impact and influence of a specific criminal actor type on society. Mafia-style groups 1. Criminal networks 6. State-embedded actors 7. Foreign actors 4. Private sector actors 3. Political leadership and governance 4. Government transparency and accountability 3. International cooperation 6. National policies and laws 6. A state's legal action and structures put in place to respond to organized crime. Judicial system and detention 4. Law enforcement 5. Territorial integrity 6. Anti-money laundering 3. Economic regulatory capacity 4. Victim and witness support 4. Prevention 4. Non-state actors 3. Analysis Download full profile english. People Morocco serves as a source, destination and transit point for victims of forced labour and sex trafficking. Trade Morocco's strict surveillance of its territory, the ban on the use of arms by civilians and regulations that impose long prison sentences for their use have helped to reduce arms trafficking. Environment The volume of flora crimes in Morocco is low, with the Atlas Cedar the only species identified as subject to illegal logging for resale. Drugs The heroin trade is a significant problem in the northern regions of Morocco, particularly Nador, Tetouan and Tangier. Cyber Crimes The rise in cyber threats is a daily concern in Morocco, as the country becomes more reliant on digital infrastructure and attacks get more sophisticated. Financial Crimes Financial crimes such as tax evasion and fiscal fraud continue to hinder efforts to broaden the tax base. Leadership and governance Morocco faces significant challenges in combating organized crime due to political interests and a focus on stability over the rule of law. Criminal justice and security Although the judiciary's independence is guaranteed by law and the prosecutor is institutionally separated from the Ministry of Justice, the judiciary has little independence. Economic and financial environment Morocco's anti-money laundering legislation continues to lag behind international norms, despite some advances in related sections of the criminal code. Civil society and social protection Despite the existence of a legal framework pertaining to victim protection, consisting of legal aid, housing assistance and medical care among other facilities, the laws are inadequately implemented. Read the analysis Listen the podcasts View all events. Next Skip. How to measure organized crime? Read more on globalinitiative. Give us feedback We're constantly working to improve the Index.

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