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Straus, Jr. FSG in when Robert Giroux became editor-in-chief. The company firmly established itself as a quality publisher in the s and s. FSG remained staunchly independent of conglomerate publishing for many years. Even after selling controlling interest to the German publisher Verlagsgruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck in , FSG maintained much of the freedom of an independent publishing house. John Farrar and Roger W. Straus, in addition to a background in journalism and magazine editing, had the necessary financial resources to launch a publishing house; Straus' mother was a Guggenheim, and his father's family were the Strauses who owned Macy's. The original board included Farrar as chairman, Straus as president and chief executive officer, and Stanley Young, the well-known author and literary critic for the New York Times. I Story of the War , a compilation of material from Yank , the Army's famous weekly publication. In that year, however, the firm successfully executed a number of coups saving it from ruin and placing it on the road to prominence. The book was a shot in the arm for the fledgling house, selling , copies in and , during the next ten years. Straus also contracted for a collection of essays by Wilson which Random House had turned down the previous year. The essays were published in as Classics and Commercials , a literary chronicle of the s. Wilson would remain on the company's list for the rest of his life. The following year witnessed yet another substantial step forward as the company acquired Creative Age Press from Eileen Garrett, thereby adding Robert Graves, Gerald Sykes and James Reynolds to its list. Cudahy added many authors of Catholic interest to the firm's list. Accordingly, saw the beginning of Vision Books, a series of biographies of Catholic saints, martyrs and heroic figures designed for young nine- to thirteen-year-old readers. In the same vein, saw the acquisition of the Catholic publishing company of McMullen Books, Inc. In , Robert Giroux joined the firm as both editor-in-chief and vice-president. Never before had such a large number of important authors followed an editor from one house to another. Under the combined leadership of these three men, the company firmly established itself as a quality house in the s and s. Over the years, FSG has acquired many publishing houses of quality. In , the firm purchased L. Page' below. The acquisition of Noonday Press, Inc. The acquisitions of Octagon Books, Inc. After John Farrar's retirement in , and death two years later, Roger Straus took on a greater leadership role in the company, becoming a staunch opponent of conglomerate takeovers in publishing. In the late s, Straus resigned from the Association of American Publishers because of what he considered to be its tendency to defend conglomerates over authors and independent publishers. In the s and s other editors shaped FSG's. In , Pat Strachan was hired as an assistant editor. Strachan received her undergraduate degree at Duke University, after which she attended the Radcliffe Publishing Program, before moving to New York City. She eventually rose to the position of vice president and associate publisher at the company before leaving in to be the fiction editor at The New Yorker. Roger Straus, Jr. Father and son had conflicting goals and in , Roger III left FSG for the final time to pursue a career of professional photography. Her term at FSG was prematurely shortened in due to cutbacks caused by the early 's recession. Healey went on to work at Pantheon Books until her retirement. Martin's Press. Between and , the firm published the work of thirteen authors who were, or who were to become, Nobel laureates. In addition to its many Nobel and Pulitzer prize-winning authors, FSG has assured its financial independence by occasionally publishing books directed toward a popular audience. Printz Honor Books, and two Robert F. Sibert Honor Books. In , he joined Garden City Publishing Co. From there he moved to Alfred A. Knopf, T. Crowell, and A. Wyn, where he became an editor-in-chief and met Lawrence Hill, then a sales manager. Hill and Wang started their own firm with the purchase of Wyn's entire backlist of eighty-eight titles. Dramabooks originally presented the work of such drama critics as G. Chesterton and George Bernard Shaw. Its Mermaids series also presented seventeenth-century English plays. This was the beginning of extensive publishing of U. The company published translations of eighteen books by Roland Barthes, Elements of Semiology and A Lover's Discourse among them. When Knight resigned in , Page assumed leadership of Knight's former company and renamed it L. Although L. Page initially published such contemporary novelists as Gabriele d'Annunzio, it soon found a niche in juvenile series including Lucy Maud Montgomery's popular Anne of Green Gables series beginning in But the greatest success of all was the publication of Eleanor Hodgman Porter's Pollyana. The story of the tirelessly cheerful young Pollyanna sold more than a million copies in its first year. The multi-volume series which followed, written mostly by other authors, led to the addition of the word 'Pollyanna' to North American English. In addition to its series for young readers, the company published reprints of established classics by authors such as Victor Hugo, Sir Walter Scott, Charles Dickens and Alexandre Dumas. The literary conservatism of L. Page abhorred what he called 'sophisticated literature,' by which he evidently meant contemporary fiction especially if by a foreign author. In , he declared that the great bulk of the U. Predictably, the company's sales declined. FSG continued the L. Page imprint until The correspondents include authors, editors, other publishing companies, literary agents, attorneys, distributors, reviewers, and fans. Page titles. Interspersed among the correspondence are contracts and manuscripts of stories, poems and essays, some of which contain authors' notations. There are also files devoted wholly to the office files of the editors listed above that contain correspondence more personal in nature than what is found in the rest of the collection as well as demonstrating the close working relationship between author and editor. In a subseries marked 'Tracers,' in Robert Giroux's files, there is business correspondence from Giroux and his administrative assistants providing a running chronicle of the day-to-day concerns of a modern publishing company. The topics include translation agreements, prospective employees and interns, manuscripts submitted for possible publication, evaluations of requests to quote from FSG authors and negotiations of contractual terms. The collection also contains microfilms made at FSG of book manuscripts, paper copies of which may no longer be extant. Additional items include photographs of authors and book illustrations, audio tapes of John Berryman reading from his poems, and FSG catalogs. These subseries are divided into materials from published authors, rejected authors, and subject files. Published author files are further broken down by accession date; the multiple subseries of published author files represent materials received after the preparation of the subseries before it. These records include correspondence, editorial material, legal and financial records, press and publicity lists, photographs and negatives. Correspondents include authors, both prospective and published, editors, other publishing companies, literary agents, attorneys, distributors, reviewers, illustrators, family members, and fans. In some cases, one can find correspondence from politicians or other note-worthies acknowledging receipt of a complimentary copy of a book or offering a promotional blurb. Editorial materials consist of typescripts, often annotated by editors and authors, holograph notes, unpublished typescript material and galley proofs, and readers' reports, usually prepared by assistant editors. Legal and financial records include contracts and negotiations, reprint rights, certificates of copyright, records of author compensation through advances and royalties, and foreign sales. The files are arranged alphabetically by author, preserving the original filing system with only a few minor exceptions. For each author, there is often a file of general correspondence. All correspondence concerning an author which is not about a specific book is filed in these folders. General correspondence is followed by folders pertaining to specific titles, labeled with author's name followed by title. Examples: Eliot, T. General Eliot, T. General: Items pertaining to the title which do not fall under any of the following categories. Foreign: Items pertaining to possible sale of publication rights of title to foreign countries. Publicity: Items relating to publicity and promotion of the title including correspondence between the author and the Publicity Department. Subsidiary: Items which concern submission of the title to book clubs, reprint houses, magazines, newspapers, motion picture companies, etc. In some cases, there are additional, self-explanatory categories such as 'Film rights' or 'Legal'. The arrangement sometimes differs from Farrar Straus's original system, however, in that if there is only a very small amount of correspondence for a given author, all of that correspondence might be placed in the 'General Correspondence' folder. These files were maintained by the secretarial staff in the editorial division. With the exception of the meeting minutes, all material is arranged alphabetically by year. Correspondents with significant material were removed to separate folders that follow the general alphabetical arrangement. Correspondence documents the general activities of the editorial department such as handling manuscript proposals submitted by agents and agencies; communicating with other publishers and book reviewers; and responding to standard inquiries and letters of introduction. This series is composed of files maintained by each editor's office. While they contain much of the same material found in previous, these files include correspondence of a more personal nature as well as editorial material that reflects the close working relationship between author and editor, and the process of development from an initial proposal to a published work. In many cases, discussions of personal and professional matters are comingled in the correspondence. The acquisition of Ariel Books in , spurred the launch of an official children's division on year later, in As of this writing, the children's division publishes books for both children and young adults. This series is arranged alphabetically by author and contain correspondence, editorial material, legal and financial records, press and publicity lists, clippings of book reviews, artwork, photographs and negatives. Correspondents include authors, illustrators, editors, literary agents, attorneys, distributors, reviewers, translators, and fans. Legal and financial records include contracts and negotiations, certificates of copyright, and records of author compensation through advances and royalties. Topics covered are comprehension, literacy, and suitability of material for specific reading age stages. Goffstein, Jan Greenburg, R. Knudson, and Jan Zalben. While these records contain materials related to most authors on FSG's roster of writers for children and young adults, older records and those of more notable authors were shifted by FSG administrative staff into Series I. Published authors. This series is arranged alphabetically by author and the records are fragmentary; only letters M-Z were received in the accession. This series includes correspondence, financials, memoranda, invoices, deal sheets, publicity clippings, and royalty statements, that document both domestic and international publishing rights, such as serialization, syndication and reprints. Correspondents primarily include department staff, lawyers, literary agents and representatives, and editors. The microfilms were made for FSG, and presumably the original manuscripts were returned to the author or destroyed. Manuscripts in this series include both typescripts and published versions of books including editions published by companies other than FSG. Some manuscripts consist of stories and articles taken from such magazines as xxEsquirexx and xxThe New Yorkerxx collected together for creating anthologies. Most typescript manuscripts contain either editorial remarks or author's handwritten corrections ranging from small adjustments in wording to extensive revisions. In a few cases, there are books that were not originally published by FSG but were perhaps being considered for possible republication. Notable features of this series include letters, lectures, stories, interviews and book reviews of Flannery O'Connor. These include many letters of a personal nature to Maryat Lee, an interview conducted by Betsy Locheridge and numerous typescripts of O'Connor's lectures on Catholicism, fiction and the South delivered at various educational institutions. There are lengthy passages from Edmund Wilson's xxJournalsxx often in Wilson's own hand. Reels and are of special interest since magazine and newspaper articles, sketches, calendar entries, advertisements, maps and telegrams are often interspersed among Wilson's journal entries. This series consists of photographs removed from series I and III. They are typically portraits of authors and illustrations used in books. This series consists of five tape recordings of public readings and personal conversation by John Berryman and one recording of poetry read by Brian Patten, all dating from the late s. Most of the Berryman readings are selections from xxThe Dream Songsxx. Berryman provides brief commentaries on some of the poems, their symbolism and the life circumstances that gave rise to them and even emotionally charged evaluations of their worth such as 'wonderful,' 'beautiful,' and 'junk. There is also a discussion of Berryman's travels in and impressions of Calcutta. While the Berryman recordings are generally of high quality, some appear to be incomplete and abruptly interrupted. During one brief portion of one of the tapes, one hears different recordings simultaneously. Even though the contents of this brief part are comprehensible, listening may be difficult. Nonetheless, most of the recordings are in fine condition. The recording of Brian Patten is brief and is of him reading three poems from his book xxTo the Hurrying Manxx. This series contains books and periodicals removed from Series I. Notable in this subseries are correspondence between John Berryman and Giroux documenting their long-lasting friendship. These letters, more personal than most in the FSG collection, describe the fruition of Berryman's literary projects, chronicle his hospitalizations, and include detailed discussions concerning the publication of his work. The T. Eliot files contain many letters by Eliot chronicling his health problems, public readings, and world travels. Among the letters one can find Eliot's views on anti-Semitism and some discussion of a collaboration with Igor Stravinsky which never came to pass. The Wilhelm Reich files contain correspondence, much of it with Mary Higgins, executor of the Reich estate, relating to the battle to stop pirated editions of Reich's work General - October and xxInvasion of Compulsory Sex Moralityxx - Foreign , the Food and Drug Administration's confiscation of Reich's books General correspondence; see also Legal Folder , and an account of Reich's final days in prison General correspondence. The Isaac Bashevis Singer files are extensive; Singer's letters to FSG editors, always warm and friendly, can be found throughout the files. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's xxAugust xx files in General, Foreign contain two detailed readers' reports on the English translation of the novel. The folder marked 'Synopsis' contains an eighteen-page synopsis and analysis of the novel by Michael Glenny. E Contact. D Digitized. Repository Manuscripts and Archives Division Access to materials Request an in-person research appointment. Portions of this collection have been digitized and are available online. On Poetry and Poets Sontag, Susan Against Interpretation Under a given title, folders fall under the following headings and in the following order: General: Items pertaining to the title which do not fall under any of the following categories. Thomas Anthony , Eliot, T. Access to materials Request an in-person research appointment. Alternative form available Microfilm, Photographs, Sound recordings. Published authors, Abrahamsen, David. Abrahams, Gerald - The Chess Mind. Adams, Leonie - Poems: A Selection. Adams, Robert - Stendhal: Notes on a Novelist. Adamson, Ernie - Rex vs. Forbidden Planet. Adoff, Arnold - Untitled anthology of poetry. Hidden Spring Mystery. The Junior Sheriff Mystery. Agnon, S. Aichinger, Ilse - The Bound Man. The Lights Are Low. Aitmatov, Chingiz- General. The History of the I. Aldecoa, Ignacio. The Heart and Other Bitter Fruits. Aldridge, John W. Aleichem, Sholem - The Great Fair. Alexander, Edgar. Adenauer and the New Germany. Alexander, Lloyd. Somebody in Boots. A Walk on the Wild Side. Allen, Gay Wilson. Emerson Biography. Readers Guide to Poetics. Solving the High Cost of Living. What's New in Cooking? Allen, Judy - The Spring on the Mountain. Allyn, Rube - Water Wagon. Almedingen, Edith Martha. A Candle at Dusk. History of Czarist Russia. Alston, Mary - Seekers. Amtmann, Airdrie - The Stars in the Sky. Anderson, A. Anderson, Barbara. Anderson, Margaret. Children of the South. Angell, Sir Norman - After All. Anslinger, Harry J. The Rascal and the Pilgrim. Apparitions of Mary. The Book of Miracles. Mindszenty Articles. Mother Pasqualine- General. Shrines to Our Lady Around World. Arlen, Michael J. Passage to Ararat. The View from Highway 1. Arnaud, George- General. Arnstein, Nicky - Diamond Boosters. Arrowsmith, William. Readers Guide to the Iliad. The Dance of Peyote. Selected Writings of Artaud. Artayeta de Viel, Josefina - Canasta. Selected Letters of Henry Adams. Asch, Frank - The Last Puppy. The Fall of Mussolini. Power of Freedom. Astrachan, Samuel. The Game of Dostoevsky. Delmore Schwartz. Selected Writings of Sydney Smith. Avedon: Photography. Averbuch, Bernard and John Wesley Noble. Never Plead Guilty. Babbitt, Natalie. The Devil's Storybook. Dick Foote and the Shark. Search for Delicious. Babcock, Frederic. Hang Up the Fiddle. Babcock, Mary Reynolds. First Aid for Flowers. Complete Stories. The Lonely Years. You Must Know Everything. Baker, Hettie Gray. Your Siamese Cat. Baker, Margaret Joyce. The Bears Back in Business. Castaway Christmas. Hannibal and the Bears. Hi-Jinks Joins the Bears. Home from the Hill. The Shoe Shop Bears. Baker, Richard M. The Revolt of Zengo Takakuwa. Baldick, Robert - Chateaubriand. The Called and the Chosen. The Crystal World. Balzac, Honor de - A Bachelor's Establishment. Bane, Martin - Catholic Story of Liberia. The Dead Seagull. Doctor Has a Baby. Doctor Has a Family. Barlow, John - The Departures. The Selected Works of Djuna Barnes. Barnes, Sam - Ready Wrestle. Barrett, E. Boyd - Shepherd in the Mist. Barrett, Michael. The Last Flowers. Barry, Iris- General. Book on Southern California. Barthelme, Donald. Guilty Pleasures. The Slightly Irregular Fire Engine. Bartlett, Arthur - Baseball and Mr. Selected Letters of J. Selected Letters of Lord Byron. Umberto's Circus. Basso, Etolia S. A Crown of Wild Myrtle. A Moment in Time. To Be in England. Brew It Yourself. Making Fine Wines. Making Fine Wines and Making Beer. Bearden, Romare - Biography of Henry O. I Met a Traveler. Beckson, Karl- General. Beckson, Karl and Arthur Ganz. A Readers Guide to Literary Terms. Great Theories of Literary Criticism. Beebe, Catherine. Beeton, Mrs. Isabella Mary. Book of Household Management. Beller, Anne Scott. Fat and Thin and Bed and Board. A Natural History of Obesity. Belloc, Hilaire - Joan of Arc. Belmont, Eleanor Robson. The Fabric of Memory. Bendiner, Robert- General. Bent, Stephen Vincent. Bennett, Kem - The Fabulous Wink. Bergsten, Bebe - The Great Dane. Bernstein, David. The Congressional Record. The Philippine Story. Bernstein, Philip Sidney. What the Jews Believe. Bernstein, Theodore M. Miss Thistlebottom's Hobgoblins. Bellow on Berryman. Berryman reading - May 9th. Berryman's Sonnets. Biography proposals. Freedom of the Poet. Homage to Mistress Bradstreet. Uncollected and unpublished poems. The Trial of Marie Besnard. White Pine and Blue Water. Bidart, Frank - Book of the Body. Bierhorst, John- General. Bierhorst, John and Jane. Four Masterworks of American Indian Literature. In the Trail of the Wind. Songs of Chippewa. Bierman, Judah- General. Biggs, John R. Bischoff, Anthony - Poet in Black. Bishop, Claire Huchet. Yeshu, Called Jesus. Bishop, Elizabeth. Collected Poems and Burglar of Babylon. Ballad of the Burglar, etc. The Diary of 'Helena Morley'. Questions of Travel. Bishop, James- General. Bishop, Virginia Lee and James Bishop. Fighting Father Duffy. Biss, Andreas - Der Stopp der Endlsung. Billy Bitzer: His Story. Blair, Ola - Biography of Marie Lenormand. Blais, Marie Claire. Manuscripts of Pauline Archange. A Season in the Life of Emmanuel. Lawrence Blues. Bleiler, Everett Franklin. Imagination Unlimited. Bliss, Dorothy - Miss Pettinger's Niece. Bloodworth, Dennis. An Eye for the Dragon. Any Number Can Play. Chinese Looking Glass. The Chinese Machiavelli. Bodley, Ronald Victor Courtenay. The Gay Deserters. Wind in the Sahara. Kit Carson of the Old West. The Cross in the West. Selected Criticism. Gardener's Magic, etc. Old Wives's Lore, etc. Bolton, Whitney French. The Silver Spade. Bombal, Maria Luisa. The Shrouded Woman. Bon, Henri and Franois Leuret. Modern Miraculous Cures. Bonsels, Waldemar. Adventure of Maya the Bee. A Pathway to Heaven. Bowden, Muriel- General. Bowen, Ruth M. The Collected Works of Jane Bowles. Boyde, Richard - The Last Dodo. Boyden, Frederick - The Hospital. Brady, James - Chris Turner, Magician. Bramanti, Bruno - Life of Christ. Brancati, Vitaliano. Branch, Houston and Frank Waters. Braybrooke, Neville. Eliot: A Symposium for His 70th Birthday. A Holiday by the Sea. A Life of One's Own. South from Grenada. Brinkley, William. Deliverance of Sister Cecilia. The Abundant Dreamer. Party of Animals. Other book contracts. Francis Xavier. Ignatius Loyola. A Part of Speech. Brody, Iles - The Art of Drinking. Broglie, Lovis de. Revolution in Physics. Brodley, Myrtle - Eagle Man. Bronson, Francis Woolsey. The Bulldog Has the Key. Brossard, Chandler. The Bold Saboteurs. Brower, Brock - Mischief Night. The Life and Loves of Mr. Jiveass Nigger. Voodoo, Black Culture and Literature. Kateri Tekawitha. Adventure with D. A Report on Germany. Don't Be Afraid of Your Child. Brucker, Margareta. Big, Brave and Handsome. The One and Only. Three Boys and a Girl. Bryant, Arthur Herbert. In the Valley of St. Israel and Palestine. Tales of the Hasidi. Buckley, Jim - Drama of Display. The Shrewsdale Exit. Bull, Harry - William Randolph Hearst. My Eskimo: A Priest in the Arctic. The Long Discovery. Two Per Cent Fear. Burke, James Wakefield. Burns, Eugene - Last King of Paradise. Lydia Pinkham Is Her Name. Burton, Katherine. Make the Way Known. Busch, Frederick - Rounds. Adlai Stevenson of Illinois. Newspaper Syndication. Butler, Eliza Mariam - Ritual Magic. The Tartar Steppe. Books for James Kraft. Chinese Translations. Light Verse and Satires. Selected Letters of Witter Bynner. Without Assignment. The Great Collectors. Cabell, James Branch. The Devil's Own Dear Son. Hamlet Had an Uncle, etc. There Were Two Pirates. Witch Woman Trilogy. Caldwell, Erskine. Around About America. God's Little Acre. In Search of Bisco. The Last Night of Summer. Callas, Maria - Autobiography. Callery, Sean - Marlene Dietrich. Cameron, Sister Mary D. The World of Lil' Abner. Caracciola, Alice and Rudolf. A Racing Car Driver. Autobiography: From the Jesuit Underground. Autobiography of a Hunted Priest. Henry Garnet and the Gunpowder Plot. Henry Morse: Priest of the Plague. Angela: The Life of the Foundress of the Ursulines. Carden, Priscilla. Cardenas, Juan de - History of Spain. Carey, Mabel Corebrooke. Wild Flowers at a Glance. Carmichael, Donald S. Roosevelt - Product. Carnahan, Ann - Vatican. Carr, Harriet- General. Carrington, Whately - Thought Transference. Carroll, Consolato. I Hear in My Heart. Pray, Love, Remember. The Coach Nobody Liked. The Mystery of the Missing Monkey. Mystery of the Tarnished Trophy. Twenty-third Street Crusaders. Carson, L. Kit - David Holzman's Diary. Carunungan, Celso Al. Like a Big Brave Man. Caslavsky, Karel - The Slapstick Atlas. Keene Party Book. Cela, Camilo Jose. Pabellon de Reposo The Rest Home. Chailley, Jacques. Chambers, Bradford - 10 Downing Street. Book of Catholic Quotations. Encyclopedia of the Popes and Papacy. A Treasury of Catholic Reading. Chapman, Chandler - Chapman on Goethe. Chavez, Fray Angelico. From Altar Screen. Cherakis, George P. The Hand of Alexander. Chern, Vadim - Safe as in God's Pocket. Chiang, Kai-Shek. Soviet Russia in China. Chiaromonte, Nicola - Age of Bad Faith. Atlantic City Cantata. The Prodigal Never Returns. Chopping, Richard. Ralph and the Queen's Bathtub. The Repair of Uncle Toe. Christie, Robert. Inherit the Night. Chubb, Thomas Caldecot - Cornucopia. Clancy, William- General. Clark, Ann Nolan. A Circle of Seasons. Medicine Man's Daughter. Summer is for Growing. Clark, Thomas- General. Clarke, Joan - St. Margaret of Scotland. Love is My Vocation. Claude, Sister of Jesus - Words in the Wilderness. Coming Home to a Place. Face of Abraham Candle. From Ice Set Free. Two Against the Tide. Clinchy, Everitt. Handbook on Human Relations. Intergroup Relations Center. Cobey, Herbert T. Cocteau, Jean - The Impostor. The Game They Played. Notes on Chamber Music, Past and Present. Colby, Jean- General. Cole, John Alfred. The Blue Lantern. Break of Day and Blue Lantern. Caedmon Records Project. Cheri and the Last of Cheri. Claudine and Annie. Claudine at School. Claudine in Paris. Claudine Married. Creatures Great and Small. Gigi: Chance Acquaintance. Innocent Libertine. Letters from Colette. My Mother's House and Sido. The Pure and the Impure. Seven by Colette. The Tender Shoot. Collier, Richard - Solitary Witness. Faulkner: The Early Years. Faulkner: Vol. Collins, Michael. Carrying the Fire. Flying to the Moon. Collins, Patricia - Astronaut's Wife. Connolly, Francis - St. Philip of the Joyous Heart. Cook, Frederick - Return From the Pole. Cook, Joan Marble. In Defense of Homo Sapiens. Cook, Robert Manuel. Coomaraswamy, Ananda Kentish. Arts and Crafts of India and Ceylon. The Dance of the Shiva. Inside Your Home. Cooper, Mireille - Happy Season. Dialogue with Photography. Corliss, Carlton. Main Line of Mid America. Man: A Citizen of the Universe. Cousin, Robert - The Will to Think. Cousins, Margaret. Coutts, John - Everyday Gardening. The Complete Whitman. Craciunas, Silviu - The Lost Footsteps. Drama in Diamonds. Crawford, Fred L. Waltz across Texas. Cressy, Earl Herbert. Daughters of Changing Japan. Creviston, Russel G. Critchell, Lawrence - Four Stars of Hell. Croce, Benedetto - Aesthetic. Magnificent Bastards. Crone, Polly W. Crossley-Holland, Kevin. Storm and Other Riddles. Crouzat, Henri - The End of the World. The Boys in the Band. A Breeze from the Gulf. Cuddeback, Jane - The Unquiet Seed. Cummings, Samuel - Golden Legends. Cunningham, Michael. The Bishop Finds a Way. Curran, Charles - Handbook of TV. Curro, Evelyn - Americana Calendar. Curtiss, Thomas Quinn. Custance, John - Wisdom, Madness and Folly. Czernin, Ferdinand- General. Dair, Carl - Design with Type. Dynamic Dissonance. D'Arcy, Martin Cyril. Meanings and Matter of History. Selected Letters of Gerald Hopkins. The Truth about Kent State. Davies, A. The First Christian. Man's Vast Future. The Language of the Heart. Temptation to Be Good. Davies, Valentine. It Happens Every Spring. Davis, Ben Arthur. Holland's Handbook for Southern Gardens. Davis, Gary - Credo. Davis, Joseph - Animal Book. Davis, Moshe and Victor Ratner. The Birthday of the World. Davis, Sammy Jr. Dawkins, Cecil- General. Day, James - Vaughan Williams. Bernie Becomes A Nun. The Immaculate Heart. DeMarest, Donald - Fabulous Ancestor. De Marinis, Rick - Cinder - Publicity. Edgar Hoover. Looking at the Dance. De Pereda, Prudencio. All the Girls We Loved. The Man on the Cross. The Unshared Man. De Polnay, Peter. Into an Old Room. Out of the Square. The Next Two Years. The Rose and the Chimes. Derleth, August William. Beachheads in Space. Beyond Space and Time. Columbus and the New World. Father Marquette and the Great Rivers. Night's Yawning Peal. The Other Side of the Moon. The Outer Reaches. The Sleeping and the Dead. Ignatius and the Company of Jesus. Strange Ports of Call. Tales from Underwood. Worlds of Tomorrow. Deveaux, Alexis - Gangs in the South Bronx. Devlin, Christopher. The Life of Robert Southwell. Speaking of Animals. Dew, Robb Forman. Dale Loves Sophie to Death. DeWitt, Henry - untitled novel. DeWohl, Louis and Ruth. Helena and the True Cross. Joan of the Girl Soldier. Diaz, Bernal Diaz del Castillo. Discovery and Conquest of Mexico. Babel to Byzantium. Play It as It Lays. Slouching Towards Bethlehem. Dieterle, William. The Good Tidings. Diethelm, Walter. Diggers, Mary Laurentina, Sister. Transfigured World. Dillon, Ellis - The Sea Wall. Dinesen, Isak- General. Dirvin, Joseph I. The Life of Mother Seton. Mother Seton Booklets. Louise de Marillac. Catherine Laboure of the Miraculous Medal. Disston, J. Dodge, Martin Herbert. Boy at the Window. The Powerful Long Ladder. The United Nations. Donovan, Henry - Headlights and Markers. Dooley, Agnes Wise. Promises to Keep. Dooley, Malcolm- General. Deliver Us from Evil. Doctor Tom Dooley, My Story. The Edge and Tomorrow. The Night They Burned the Mountain. Three Great Books. The Thomas Dooley Foundation. My Friends, the Huskies. Draham, Vicky - Fall Games. Dralle, Elizabeth - Angel in the Towers. Dresner, Samuel - Book on Heschel. DuBois, Theodora McCormick. The High King's Daughter. The Tiger Burning Bright. Rich Boy, Poor Boy. The Island in the Square. Dudley, Sylvia- General. Duffy, Martha - Untitled book on contemporary women writers. Dunne, Finley Peter- General. Dunne, John Gregory. Friends and Vague Lovers. Dupee, Frederick Wilcox. The King of the Cats. Selected Letters of Charles Dickens. Duras, Marguerite - The Sea Wall. Durkin, Joseph Thomas. General Sherman's Sons. Dutton, William Sherman - Stay on Stranger. Eager, Edward - Mouse Manor. Earle, William Alexander - Objectivity. Eastman, Charles. The All-American Boy. Little Fauss and Big Halsy. Eastman, Elizabeth. The Mouse with the Red Eyes. Great Companions. Biography of Philips Brooks. Give Your Golden Hand. The North Star is Nearer. Eaton, Quaintance. A Readers Guide to Henry James. Selected Letters of Henry James. Edelman, Edward J. The Baby Needs a Father. Unmarried Mother. Edwardes, Michael. History of India. Edwards, Lawrence. King's Messenger. Ehrlich, Bettina. Tents Against the Sky. Tibetan Skylines. Ceremonies in Dark Old Men. Eliot, Alexander. The Cultivation of Christmas Trees. The Elder Statesman. Knowledge and Experience. On Poetry and Poets. Poems Written in Early Youth. To Criticize the Critic. Eliot, Valerie- General. Elkin, Stanley - The Franchiser. Elkon, Juliette - A Belgian Cookbook. Elliott, Lawrence - The Splendid Americans. Ellis, John Tracy. The Catholic Church in the US. Select Bibliography. Engstrand, Stuart. A Husband in the House. Beyond the Forest. Son of the Giant. The Sling and the Arrow. Epstein, Benjamin. Some of My Best Friends. Epstein, William H. Erasmus - Praise of Folly. Erickson, Robert - The Structure of Music. Erskine, Dorothy. Miss Pettinger's Niece. Evans, Christopher - Cults of Unreason. Evans, Edmund - My Diary. Evans, Morgan - Orchid Book. Eve, Paul - Cooking with Rice. Everts, Lillian - Journey of the Future. Soldier and Statesman. Fabricant, Noah Daniel. The Complete Book of the Gladiolus. Falstein, Louis - Sholom Aleichem. Governor Al Smith. Faviell, Frances. A House on the Rhine. Fecher, Constance. Heir to Pendarrow. The Last Elizabethan. The Leopard Dagger. Venture for a Crown. Feiffer, Jules - Carnal Knowledge. Fenton, Charles - The Apprenticeship of Hemingway. Fenton, William - Iroquois Indian Book. Birthday Presents. The King Was Too Busy. Lorenzo and Angelina. Fichte, Hubert - Die Palette. Field, S. The Unmarried Sisters. Weddings in the Family. Filler, Louis - M. Finley, Joseph - White Collar Union. Fittkau, Gerhard A. Fitzgerald, Ed - Champions in Sports and Spirit. Fitzgerald, Sally - Biography of O'Connor. Ballads Migrant in New England. Floethe, Louise Lee. Bittersweet Summer. A Thousand and One Buddhas. Flower, Josephine. Foerster, F. God's Men of Color. Sugar on the Slate. The Cow Neck Rebels. Follow the River. Life and Death of Yellow Bird. People of the Dream. Ring the Judas Bell. The Shield of Achilles. The Skies of Crete. So Ends this day. Forster, E. Fowles, Jib- General. Frankel, Haskel - Novel in Progress. Franklin, George Cory. Frasconi, Antonio. 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Edmundo González: The Retiree Who Could Take Down Venezuela's Dictator

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Elvis Presley has always had a very prominent and loyal fan following. Specifically, I argue that fans offer their collective attention to Elvis in exchange for the thrill of a real or imagined individual encounter with him as a star of such magnitude. His myth as a humble country boy also intensifies the thrill, making Elvis the ultimate popular icon. In the late s the Bank of Scotland combined with a merchandiser called Elvisly Yours to introduce an Elvis Mastercard. One way to answer that question is to examine the similarities and differences between fandom and religion. Rituals like the annual candlelit walk at Graceland have evoked comparisons between Elvis fandom and religion. Nevertheless, it seems appropriate to consider that if fandom can sometimes look like a form of religious fervor it may really work like one. In this piece, using the Elvis phenomenon as a case study, I will argue that there are three ways of thinking about fandom through the lens of religion: first by using limited, metaphorical strategy; second by applying a Durkheimian analysis, and third by adopting a modified, neo-Durkheimian approach. I will argue in favor of the latter strategy. This metaphorical discourse runs the range in terms of empathy with its subject matter. Some researchers have shown empathy with the communities they describe. Cavicchi , 42 uses the work of William James to compare entry into fandom to a process of religious conversion. Elsewhere see Duffett, I have questioned this work on a number of levels which I will briefly outline here: the analogy portrays fans as servile and misguided believers. It is based on a parody that remains popular because it disparages them in order to normalize a non-fan audience. Its central premise—that fandom is a religion because it looks like one—is weak because it is impossible to test conclusively in the field. Its proponents are not setting out inductively to explore, understand, or contextualize Elvis culture. As a consequence, research into Elvis culture has been handicapped by a set of inappropriate ideas. I will look at two strategies for applying Durkheim: either wholesale or in a selective, modified way. First I will explain precisely how Durkheim viewed religion. It works when social groups share a set of beliefs that separate the sacred from the profane. This cosmological belief of fundamental separation is then represented in rites, myths, and symbols. The most potent symbol is the totem, as it determines what is sacred and what is profane. Totems are material objects sometimes people that are worshipped by the whole group because they focus and mediate the emotional force of social collectivity. When clan members gather to worship their totem, it channels collective energy from the group back to the individual in a force which builds their personal strength and confidence. Because they are in a relation to it, they are at the heart of the clan and feel empowered. This feeling emerges by a process of social electricity that Durkheim calls effervescence. So from the crucible of religion, society eventually generates specialized fields, including law as a field of moral judgment and science as a mode of explanation. In his model, the only universal human need is for social companionship. Religion is not a specialized field of spiritual communion, but instead an ideological crucible that generates fundamental structures and social relations. Star performances do seem to have a totemic function in generating fan engagements. The moments of effervescence they stimulate are visible at concerts and these events in turn create new fans. Perhaps because of these similarities a few researchers have ventured to make more or less sustained wholesale analysis of music phenomena from a Durkheimian perspective. First, for Durkheim religions are defined by the sacred , The fundamental, structuring conceptual division between the sacred and profane does not map well on to the sociology of fandom. It can be added here that all religions, for Durkheim, contain a notion of the afterlife Durkheim, , Second, a seeming barrier to the idea of effervescence is that fandom can begin in private acts of engagement with a text, although I would argue here that mass commodities—with their inherent notions of audiencehood—can function as perceived social occasions. Totems are crucial here, as they decide what is sacred and what is profane Durkheim, , There has been academic work on the way that Elvis fans and others have perceived information to ignore certain interpretations which damage their interests see Fraser and Brown, The second aspect of a neo-Durkheimian approach would be to retain an interest in the circuit of energy that feeds from the mass audience to the performer and back to the individual fan. As Durkheim explains about the totem:. This unusual surplus of forces is quite real: it comes to him from the very group he is addressing. The feelings provoked by his speech return to him inflated and amplified, reinforcing his own. The passionate energies he arouses echo back to him and increase his vitality. He is no longer a simple individual speaking, he is a group incarnate and personified. In the case of Elvis fandom, this means that the fans see his talent—his voice, his physical presence—as the source of his power. They reify the social relations by ignoring the centrality of his function as social mediator. This makes fandom a case of joining the system. Sometimes it happens when listeners who are already engaged by aspects of the performance are transformed into fans by recognizing the vast size of the collective. One branch leader who had listened to his wife playing Elvis records for many years before he became hooked, explained to me during my PhD research:. They played American Trilogy. Some guy grabbed my hand and pulled me up to my feet. I felt this adrenaline go through from the top of my head to the bottom of my feet and it was just an astonishing feeling of brotherhood, almost, in the room. Just this family, you were in amongst this family. Duffett, , As Durkheim explained it, the totem has a crucial role in that:. We may imagine an object as worthy of being loved and desired, but it does not follow that we feel stronger for that. Furthermore, I wish to argue this neo-Durkheimian model can be extended to other fan cultures. What makes a great voice is where it comes from—it comes from the heart—so when he sings a song, as well as having a beautiful voice, he believes the song. He has to believe in the song to be able to sing it, so that you the listener are taken into the song. Really, only the very great singers have that. Site map — Legal information and Credits — Links — Syndication. Privacy Policy — About Cookies — Report a problem. OpenEdition member — Published with Lodel — Administration only. Skip to navigation — Site map. American Studies Journal. Contents - Previous document. Mark Duffett. Outline Introduction. Full text PDF Share by e-mail. Introduction 1 The music writer Chet Flippo once said that with Elvis Presley, we know more than we understand , 8. A metaphorical strategy 2 Because fan phenomena can sometimes look similar to moments of religious ecstasy, the idea that fandom is like a religion is a ready-made metaphor adopted and adapted by fans, commentators and academics. As Durkheim explains about the totem: This unusual surplus of forces is quite real: it comes to him from the very group he is addressing. One branch leader who had listened to his wife playing Elvis records for many years before he became hooked, explained to me during my PhD research: If I actually name the day I became an Elvis fan, the moment I became an Elvis fan was at the Leicester convention Duffett, , 29 10 This notion of family is important as it signifies fandom as a kind of empowering attachment. As Durkheim explained it, the totem has a crucial role in that: We may imagine an object as worthy of being loved and desired, but it does not follow that we feel stronger for that. Top of page. Browse Index Authors Keywords Subsections. 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