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Hair analysis has become an integral part in forensic toxicological laboratories for e. However, hair samples can be manipulated by cosmetic treatments, altering drug concentrations which eventually leads to false negative hair test results. In particular oxidative bleaching of hair samples under alkaline conditions significantly affects incorporated drug concentrations. To date, current techniques to detect cosmetic hair adulterations bear limitations such as the implementation of cut-off values or the requirement of specialized instrumentations. As a new approach, untargeted hair metabolomics analysis was applied to detect altered, endogenous biomolecules that could be used as biomarkers for oxidative cosmetic hair treatments. Untreated and treated hair samples were analyzed using liquid-chromatography high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In total, 69 metabolites could be identified as significantly altered after hair bleaching. The majority of metabolites decreased after bleaching, yet totally degraded metabolites were most promising as suitable biomarkers. The formation of biomarker ratios of metabolites decreasing and increasing in concentrations improved the discrimination of untreated and treated hair samples. With the results of this study, the high variety of identified biomarkers now offers the possibility to include single biomarkers or biomarker selections into routine screening methods for improved data interpretation of hair test results. Eisenbeiss, T. Binz, M. Baumgartner, T. Kraemer and A. Steuer, Analyst , , , DOI: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given. Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content. Fetching data from CrossRef. This may take some time to load. Loading related content. Jump to main content. Jump to site search. You do not have JavaScript enabled. Please enable JavaScript to access the full features of the site or access our non-JavaScript page. Issue 20, From the journal: Analyst. Cheating on forensic hair testing? Lisa Eisenbeiss , a Tina M. Binz , b Markus R. Baumgartner , b Thomas Kraemer a and Andrea E. This article is Open Access. Please wait while we load your content Something went wrong. Try again? Cited by. Download options Please wait Supplementary information PDF K. Article type Paper. Submitted 24 Jun Accepted 06 Aug First published 07 Aug Download Citation. Request permissions. Detection of potential biomarkers for cosmetically altered hair samples using untargeted hair metabolomics L. Social activity. Search articles by author Lisa Eisenbeiss. Tina M. Markus R. Thomas Kraemer. Andrea E. This website collects cookies to deliver a better user experience. See how this site uses Cookies. Do not sell my personal data. Veja como este site usa Cookies.
The Inflammatory Signals Associated with Psychosis: Impact of Comorbid Drug Abuse
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Nails fingernails and toenails are made of keratin. As the nail grows, substances incorporate into the keratin fibers where they can be detected 3—6 months after use. Samples are collected by clipping of 2—3 mm of nail from all fingers mg. We present drug testing results from 10, nail samples collected from high-risk cases during a 3-year period of time. Samples were analyzed by validated analytical methods. The initial testing was performed mostly using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but by liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry LC—MS-MS as well. Presumptive positive samples were subjected to confirmatory testing with sample preparation procedures including washing, pulverizing, digestion and extraction optimized for each drug class. The total of 7, samples was analyzed for amphetamines. The most prevalent opioid was oxycodone Out of 3, samples, were positive Other drugs found in nails included barbiturates, benzodiazepines, ketamine, meperidine, tramadol, zolpidem, propoxyphene, naltrexone and buprenorphine. Nail analyses have become a reliable way of determining the long-term use and abuse of drugs. Extraction techniques are simple and produce accurate and precise results. Samples were from a high-risk population, therefore the extraordinary positivity rate was observed. Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:. Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account. Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Enter your library card number to sign in. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian. Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society. Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. See below. A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions. Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian. For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more. To purchase short-term access, please sign in to your personal account above. Don't already have a personal account? Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Sign In or Create an Account. Sign in through your institution. Advanced Search. Search Menu. Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. Volume Journal Article. Irene Shu , Irene Shu. Oxford Academic. Google Scholar. Joseph Jones. Mary Jones. Douglas Lewis. Email: adam. Select Format Select format. Permissions Icon Permissions. Abstract Nails fingernails and toenails are made of keratin. Issue Section:. You do not currently have access to this article. Download all slides. Sign in Get help with access. Society of Forensic Toxicologists members Sign in through society site. Institutional access Sign in through your institution Sign in through your institution. 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