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The old habits of secrecy haven't left Kim Kuk-song. It has taken weeks of discussions to get an interview with him, and he's still worried about who might be listening. He wears dark glasses for the camera, and only two of our team know what we think is his real name. Mr Kim spent 30 years working his way to the top ranks of North Korea's powerful spy agencies. The agencies were the 'eyes, ears, and brains of the Supreme Leader', he says. He claims he kept their secrets, sent assassins to kill their critics, and even built an illegal drugs-lab to help raise 'revolutionary' funds. Now, the former senior colonel has decided to tell his story to the BBC. It's the first time such a senior military officer from Pyongyang has given an interview to a major broadcaster. Mr Kim was the 'reddest of the red', he says in an exclusive interview. A loyal communist servant. He had to flee for his life in , and since then he has been living in Seoul and working for South Korean intelligence. He depicts a North Korean leadership desperate to make cash by any means possible, from drug deals to weapons sales in the Middle East and Africa. He told us about the strategy behind decisions being made in Pyongyang, the regime's attacks on South Korea, and claims that the secretive country's spy and cyber networks can reach around the world. The BBC cannot independently verify his claims, but we have managed to verify his identity and, where possible, found corroborating evidence for his allegations. We contacted the North Korean embassy in London and the mission in New York for a statement, but have so far received no response. Mr Kim's last few years in North Korea's top intelligence unit offer some insight into the early career of the current leader, Kim Jong-un. He paints a picture of a young man eager to prove himself as a 'warrior'. North Korea formed a new spy agency called the Reconnaissance General Bureau in , just as Kim Jong-un was being groomed to succeed his father, who had suffered a stroke. Chief of the bureau was Kim Yong-chol, who remains one of the North Korean leader's most trusted aides. The colonel said that in May , an order came down the chain of command to form a 'terror task force' to kill a former North Korean official who had defected to the South. I personally directed and carried out the work. Hwang Jang-yop was once one of the country's most powerful officials. He had been a key architect of North Korean policy. His defection to the South in had never been forgiven. Once in Seoul, he was extremely critical of the regime, and the Kim family wanted revenge. But the assassination attempt went wrong. Two North Korean army majors are still serving 10 year prison sentences in Seoul for the plot. Pyongyang always denied it was involved and claimed South Korea had staged the attempt. There was more to come. A year later, in , a South Korean navy ship, the Cheonan, sank after being hit by a torpedo. Forty-six lives were lost. Pyongyang has always denied its involvement. Two soldiers and two civilians were killed. There has been much debate over who gave the order for that attack. Mr Kim said he was 'not directly involved in the operations on the Cheonan or Yeonpyeong Island', but they 'were not a secret to RGB officers, it was treated with pride, something to boast about'. And those operations would not have happened without orders from the top, he says. The sinking of the Cheonan and the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island are not a thing that could be carried out by subordinates. It's an achievement. Mr Kim says one of his responsibilities in the North was developing strategies to deal with South Korea. The aim was 'political subordination'. Many cases', he claims. He doesn't elaborate, but he does give us one intriguing example. That was in the early s. I have met several convicted North Korean spies in South Korea, and, as NK News founder Chad O'Carroll notes in a recent article, South Korean prisons were once filled with dozens of North Korean spies arrested over the decades for various types of espionage work. A handful of incidents have continued to occur and at least one involved a spy sent directly from the North. But NK News data suggests that far fewer people have been arrested in South Korea for spy-related offences since , as the North turns to new technologies, rather than old fashioned spies, for intelligence gathering. North Korea may be one of the world's poorest and most isolated countries, but previous high-profile defectors have warned that Pyongyang has created an army of 6, skilled hackers. According to Mr Kim, the previous North Korean leader, Kim Jong-il, ordered the training of new personnel in the s 'to prepare for cyberwarfare'. British security officials believe that a North Korean unit known as the Lazarus Group was behind a cyber-attack that crippled parts of the NHS and other organisations around the world in The same group is believed to have targeted Sony Pictures in a high-profile hack in He claims it had a direct telephone line to the North Korean leader. The office also safeguards communication between North Korean spy agents. Kim Jong-un has recently announced the country is once again facing a 'crisis' and in April he called on his people to prepare for another 'arduous march' - a phrase that has come to describe a disastrous famine in the s, under Kim Jong-il. Back then, Mr Kim was in the Operations Department and was ordered to raise 'revolutionary funds' for the Supreme Leader. That, he says, meant dealing in illegal drugs. Then we could cash it to dollars to present to Kim Jong-il. His account of drug dealing at this time is plausible. North Korea has a long history of drug production - mostly heroin and opium. A former North Korean diplomat to the UK, Thae Yong-ho, who also defected, told the Oslo Freedom Forum in that the country had engaged in state-sponsored drug trafficking and was trying to fix a widespread domestic drug addiction epidemic. I ask Mr Kim where the drug money went. Was it converted into cash for the people? Estimates of the death toll from North Korea's prolonged food shortages in the s range from hundreds of thousands to up to a million people. Another source of income, according to Mr Kim, came from illegal weapons sales to Iran, managed by the Operations Department. North Korea was very good at building cutting edge equipment like this,' he says. This may be a bit of North Korean propaganda as the country's submarines have noisy, diesel engines. But Mr Kim claims that the deals were so successful that North Korea's deputy director in Iran would boast about summoning the Iranians to his swimming pool to do business. North Korean weapons deals with Iran have been an open secret since the s and even included ballistic missiles, according to Professor Andrei Lankov, one of the world's leading authorities on North Korea. North Korea has continued to advance the development of weapons of mass destruction, despite being subject to strict international sanctions. In September, the country tested four new weapons systems including a new long-range cruise missile, a train-launch system for a ballistic missile, a hypersonic missile, and an anti-aircraft missile. According to Mr Kim, Pyongyang also sold weapons and technology to countries fighting long civil wars. The UN warns that weapons developed in Pyongyang could end up in many troubled corners of the world. Mr Kim led a privileged life in North Korea. He claims he was given use of a Mercedes-Benz car by Kim Jong-un's aunt, and allowed to travel abroad freely to raise money for the North Korean leader. He says he sold rare metals and coal to raise millions in cash, which would be brought back into the country in a suitcase. In an impoverished country where millions of people are struggling with food shortages, this is a life few can imagine, let alone live. Mr Kim's powerful political connections through marriage allowed him to move between different intelligence agencies, he says. But those same connections also put him and his family in danger. Not long after ascending to the political throne in , Kim Jong-un decided to purge those he perceived as a threat, including his own uncle, Jang Song-thaek. I felt he would be banished to the countryside,' he says. I knew I could no longer exist in North Korea. Mr Kim was abroad when he read about the execution in a newspaper. He decided to make a plan to flee with his family to South Korea. Even behind his dark glasses, I can see that the memory is difficult for him. The one question I keep asking during our many meetings, over many hours, was why he decided to speak now. There are more than 30, defectors in South Korea. Only a few decide to speak to the media. The more high profile you are, the higher the risk to you and your family. There are also many in South Korea who doubt defectors' accounts of their lives. After all, how can anyone truly verify their stories? Mr Kim lived a highly unusual life. His account should be read as part of North Korea's story - not the whole. But his story offers us a view inside a regime few are able to escape, and tells us something about what it takes for the regime to survive. Over generations, it produces a 'loyal heart'. The timing of this interview is also interesting. Kim Jong-un has hinted he may be willing to talk to South Korea in the near future, if certain conditions are met. What you need to know is that North Korea hasn't changed 0. Skip to content. US Election. Drugs, arms, and terror: A high-profile defector on Kim's North Korea. In a year career, Kim Kuk-song rose to the top ranks of North Korea's powerful spy agencies. But rank and loyalty do not guarantee your safety in North Korea. A 'terror task force'. Mr Kim's testimony would suggest otherwise. That involved having eyes and ears on the ground. The BBC has no way of verifying this claim. The North Korean supreme leader, Kim Jong-un. Mr Kim says the office was known as the Liaison Office. Drugs for dollars. Getty Images. The technology is growing ever more sophisticated. But here too, Mr Kim offers a warning. Kim Jong-un wages war on slang, jeans and films. The South Koreans enslaved in the North's mines. Kim Jong-un. North Korea human rights. North Korea weapons programme. North Korean defectors. South Korea. North Korea.

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The North Korean cult of personality surrounding the Kim family \[ 2 \] has existed in North Korea for decades and can be found in many examples of North Korean culture. The personality cult began soon after Kim Il Sung took power in , and was greatly expanded after his death in While other countries have had cults of personality to various degrees, the pervasiveness and extreme nature of North Korea's personality cult surpasses that of both its original influences, Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong. The North Korean cult of personality is a large part of Juche , the official ideology of the country. According to Suh Dae-sook , the cult of personality surrounding the Kim family requires total loyalty and subjugation to the Kim family and establishes the country as a one-man dictatorship through successive generations. Kim Il Sung developed \[ when? Juche became the main guide of all forms of thought, education, culture and life throughout the nation \[ 12 \] until Kim Jong Il introduced the Songun military-first policy in , which augments the Juche philosophy \[ 13 \] and has a great impact on national economic policies. At the 4th Party Conference held in April , Kim Jong Un further defined Juche as the comprehensive thought of Kim Il Sung, developed and deepened by Kim Jong Il, therefore terming it as 'Kimilsungism-Kimjongilism' and that it was 'the only guiding idea of the party' and nation. According to a report by New Focus International , the two major North Korean news publications Rodong Sinmun and the Korean Central News Agency publish around articles per month relating to the 'cult of Kim'. The North Korean government claims there is no cult of personality , but rather genuine support not only for their nation's leadership but also the philosophy of Juche socialism. The personality cult surrounding Kim Il Sung is by far the most widespread among the people. The veneration of Kim Il Sung came into full effect following a mass purge in Hwang Jang-yop , the second highest level North Korean defector , has said that the country is completely ruled by the sole ideology of the 'Great Leader'. He further said that during the de-Stalinization period in the USSR , when Stalin's cult of personality was dismantled in , some North Korean students studying in the Soviet Union also began to criticize Kim Il Sung's growing personality cult and when they returned home they 'were subject to intensive interrogation that lasted for months' and 'Those found the least bit suspicious were killed in secret'. According to official biographies, Kim Il Sung came from a long lineage of leaders and official North Korean modern history focuses on his life and activities. Over the course of his life he was granted titles of esteem such as 'Sun', 'Great Chairman', 'Heavenly Leader' and many others, as well as awards like the 'Double Hero Gold Medal'. All major publications newspapers, textbooks etc. North Korean children were taught in school that they were fed, clothed and nurtured in all aspects by the 'grace of the Chairman'. These rooms are well taken care of, are built of high quality materials, and have a model of his birthplace in Mangyongdae. Kang Chol-hwan wrote of his childhood in North Korea:. To my childish eyes and to those of all my friends, Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il were perfect beings, untarnished by any base human function. I was convinced, as we all were, that neither of them urinated or defecated. Who could imagine such things of gods? In his memoir With the Century , Kim Il Sung tells an anecdote involving his father and grandfather that gives the rationale for this sanitized presentation of North Korean leaders to their followers. The memoir says that as a young pupil, Kim Il Sung's father was often sent to fetch wine for one of his teachers, who drank frequently, until one day his father saw the drunken teacher fall face-first into a ditch. This led to a confrontation in which the young pupil shamed the embarrassed teacher into giving up wine altogether. Kim Il Sung's grandfather draws the moral of this story:. My grandfather's opinion was this: If pupils peep into their teacher's private life frequently, they lose their awe of him; the teacher must give his pupils the firm belief that their teacher neither eats nor urinates; only then can he maintain his authority at school; so a teacher should set up a screen and live behind it. The magnitude of adulation often borders on fanaticism. His photograph is displayed ahead of the national flag and national emblem; the song of Marshal Kim Il Sung is played ahead of the national anthem; the best institution of higher learning is named after him; the highest party school is also named after him; and there are songs, poems, essays, stories, and even a flower named after him. Kim Il Sung declined, yet Sukarno insisted, 'No. You have rendered enormous services to mankind, so you deserve a high honour. In the national constitution was changed to reflect this. In , the Juche Era dating system , which begins with the birth of Kim Il Sung April 15, as year 1, was introduced and replaced the Gregorian calendar. July 8, marked the 20th anniversary of Kim Il Sung's death. North Korean authorities declared a ten-day mourning period which ran from July 1 to July According to a resident of Hyesan , 'Nowadays people are having a hard time Nevertheless, the resident said, 'Nobody is complaining about it, maybe because ever since the purge of Jang Song-taek last year, if you picked a fight they'd just drag you away'. In keeping with the modern mythologies that pervade North Korea's version of history, which is seen as crucial to the cult of personality and political control, \[ 47 \] it is alleged that Kim Jong Il was born on Mount Paektu at his father's secret base in his actual birth was in in the Soviet Union and that his birth was heralded by a swallow, caused winter to change to spring, a star to illuminate the sky, and a double rainbow spontaneously appeared. Starting in the early s Kim Il Sung began to contemplate the succession question, albeit surreptitiously at first, but by Kim Jong Il was referred to as the 'party center', or in connection with his father with references to 'our great suryong and the party center'. In , the first confirmation of Kim Jong Il's succession by name was published in a booklet which designated the younger Kim as the only heir to Kim Il Sung, that he was a loyal servant of his father and had inherited his father's virtues, and that all party members were to pledge their loyalty to Kim Jong Il. They were also urged to support his absolute authority and to obey him unconditionally. Prior to , Kim Jong Il forbade the erection of statues of himself and discouraged portraits. They include a model of his birthplace. Between and , Kim Jong Il accumulated no fewer than 54 titles , most of which had little or nothing at all to do with real political or military accomplishments since he never had any military training. Over the course of his life, the government issued numerous propaganda reports of the great accomplishments achieved by Kim Jong Il, such as that he could walk and talk before the age of six months. Similar to the mourning period of Kim Il Sung, individuals who did not follow the day mourning period regulations \[ 63 \] or were thought to be insincere in their grief \[ 64 \] were subject to punishment and in some cases may have been executed. Several large-scale bronze statues have been erected alongside statues of Kim Il Sung. They include a 5. Following his death, numerous commemorative stamps and coins were made and slogans have been carved on the sides of mountains in honor of his 70th birthday anniversary. Kim Jong Un , the grandson of North Korea's founder, was largely absent from the public and government service until the mids. In he began being referred to as the 'Young General' and by late as 'Respected General'. With the death of his father, state media began to refer to him as the 'Great Successor. Kim Jong Un marks the third generation of Kim family dynastic leadership. According to Daily NK , people who criticized the succession were sent to re-education camps or otherwise punished and, after the mourning period of Kim Jong Il, government authorities began to increase their efforts on building the idolization of Kim Jong Un. After Kim Jong Il's death the president of the Presidium announced that 'Respected Comrade Kim Jong Un is our party, military and country's supreme leader who inherits great comrade Kim Jong Il's ideology, leadership, character, virtues, grit and courage. Shortly after the new leader came to power, a meter 1, ft -long propaganda sign was erected in his honor near a lake in Ryanggang Province. In , the Workers' Party of Korea amended the Ten Principles for the Establishment of a Monolithic Ideological System , which in practice serves as the primary legal authority and framework of the country, \[ 78 \] \[ 79 \] to demand 'absolute obedience' to Kim Jong Un. His death was attributed, in part, to undermining the Kim family personality cult. In , at the end of the formal three-year mourning period for the death of Kim Jong Il, Kim Jong Un ordered the construction of new monuments to be built in every county of North Korea. Extensive renovations to the Kumsusan Memorial Palace have also been ordered. According to The Daily Telegraph , analysts 'say the order to erect more statues to the Kim family will be a heavy financial burden on an economy that is already struggling due to years of chronic mismanagement and international sanctions'. The first monument to be at least partially dedicated to Kim Jong Un was announced in January Additionally, stand alone 'mosaic murals' of Kim Jong Un are being planned for major cities in each province. The personality cult extends to other members of the Kim family, \[ 9 \] although to a lesser degree. According to the official North Korean history, Kim Ung-u , Kim Il Sung's paternal great-grandfather, fought against the American schooner USS General Sherman in the incident and was also an anti-Japanese activist; North Korea won the battle and captured the ship which is now on display in a museum. However, these claims remain unsubstantiated and many historians outside of North Korea doubt their legitimacy. Kang Pan-sok , the mother of Kim Il Sung, was the first member of the Kim family to have a cult of personality of her own to supplement that of her son's, from the late s onwards. Kim Hyong-jik , the father of Kim Il Sung, is venerated by official North Korean historiographies for having been a prominent leader of the anti-colonial Korean independence movement. While in reality Kim was at one point briefly detained for anti-Japanese activities, \[ 90 \] most outside scholars do not support claims of anything further. Kim Hyong-jik currently has a museum and statue dedicated to him in his hometown of Ponghwa. Kim Hyong-gwon , paternal uncle of Kim Il Sung and brother of Kim Hyong-jik, is honored in North Korea as an anti-Japanese activist because he skirmished with local police, for which he was arrested and later died on January 12, , during internment in Seoul. There is a statue in his honor in Hongwon, the site of the skirmish. It is called ' Kimhyonggwon County '. Kim Jong-suk , mother of Kim Jong Il, is described as 'a revolutionary immortal' and 'an anti-Japanese war hero \[who\] upheld the original idea and policy of Kim Il Sung and performed distinguished feats in the development of the movement for the women's emancipation in Korea. Although she was first lady of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the first year of its founding in , she died in at the age of 31, and starting in , in conjunction with her son Kim Jong Il's rise to position as the heir apparent, she was increasingly praised and her accomplishments memorialized throughout the nation. A museum and statue was built in her home town in her honor and she was called an 'indomitable Communist revolutionary' by Kim Sung-ae who was Kim Il Sung's then present wife, despite being largely ignored until this point. There is a wax replica of her in the International Friendship Exhibition. Ko Yong-hui , the third wife of Kim Jong Il and mother of Kim Jong Un, had three attempts made to idolize her in a style similar to that associated with other female members of the family. In , an internal propaganda film was produced about her and her activities with Kim Jong Il during his leadership. It also touched on her important role in raising her son. The building of a cult of personality around Ko encounters the problem of her bad songbun social class status , as her Korean-Japanese heritage would make her part of the lowest 'hostile' class, a possible issue for the pure Kim family mythology. Familism is a type of collectivism in which the one is expected to prioritize the needs of the greater society or family over the needs of the individual. Familism in North Korea stems from a combination of the traditional East Asian Confucian value of filial piety , the communist system of collectivism, and the Kim cult of personality. As a traditional East Asian and Confucian value, the importance of family has come to resonate through all aspects of North Korean life, from politics to the economy to education and even to interpersonal relationships between friends and enemies. When the Soviet Union first entered North Korea in to start its occupation, it had to start almost from scratch in establishing a communist base in the capital region of Pyongyang. However, by emphasizing family and a father-child relationship between the Soviet Union and Korea, and later between Kim Il Sung and the North Korean people, Kim not only managed to apply Western Marxism to an Asian state, but also to secure his own personality cult, thereby constructing a sense of unquestioning loyalty toward him amongst the North Korean people when North Korea was at its most vulnerable to unwelcome western influences. The cults of personality also promote the idea of the ruling Kims as a model family. In grief over the death of his second son, Kim Man-il in , Kim Il Sung returned to the very same spot a decade later with a Korean shaman to perform rituals to 'assuage his loss and pain. After their deaths Kim dedicated monuments to his father and mother, respectively. However, biographer Dae-Sook Suh doubts the sincerity of Kim's displays of reverence of his parents. In considering Kim's relatively independent childhood, Suh does not believe that Kim held any special love for his parents that would necessitate separate museums and statues for each. Instead, Suh says that 'his purpose, rather, seems to be more self-serving: an effort to build his own image as a pious Korean son from a revolutionary family. Likewise, in celebration of his father's 60th birthday , Kim Jong Il produced three operas for him, \[ citation needed \] built three monuments, including North Korea's Arch of Triumph , for his 70th birthday in , \[ \] and upon Kim Il Sung's death in , Kim Jong Il declared three years of mourning before fully claiming leadership of North Korea. By , according to Victor Cha , there had been nearly 40, statues of Kim Il Sung erected throughout the country, \[ \] and with his death in the government began erecting 3, obelisks, called ' Towers of Eternal Life ', in every town and city. After the death of Kim Jong Il the government began to inscribe his name on each of the obelisks and build new statues in his image. Images of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il are prominent in places associated with public transportation, hanging at every North Korean train station and airport. Nothing else may hang on that wall and they are given special cloths to clean the images daily. If dust is found, a fine has to be paid, its amount depending on the thickness of the layer. The portraits have to be hung high up, so that people in the room may not stand higher than them. Adult North Koreans are also required to wear a lapel pin that features their image on the left side, above their heart. There have been sporadic stories of people risking their lives to save the portraits from various disasters but few accounts have been verified. After his death it was converted into his mausoleum and then that of his son. The overall estimated cost of maintaining the personality cult varies greatly between published sources. In , a new holiday was announced to be celebrated on February 14, which commemorates the date that Kim Jong Il assumed the title 'Generalissimo of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea'. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Veneration of the ruling Kim family in North Korea. Background \[ edit \]. Kim Il Sung \[ edit \]. See also: List of things named after Kim Il Sung. Kim Jong Il \[ edit \]. After Kim Jong Il's death \[ edit \]. Kim Jong Un \[ edit \]. Others \[ edit \]. Kim Ung-u \[ edit \]. Kang Pan-sok \[ edit \]. Kim Hyong-jik \[ edit \]. Kim Hyong-gwon \[ edit \]. Kim Jong-suk \[ edit \]. Ko Yong-hui \[ edit \]. Familism in the personality cult \[ edit \]. Monuments, images and cost \[ edit \]. Holidays \[ edit \]. Further information: Public holidays in North Korea. International inspirations \[ edit \]. See also \[ edit \]. References \[ edit \]. The Guardian. Accessed 18 August BBC News. Archived from the original on February 2, Retrieved January 9, ABC News. Archived from the original on April 14, US State Dept. December 2, Archived from the original on January 1, The North Korean Revolution, — Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN Kim Il-song's North Korea. Greenwood Publishing Group. 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Archived from the original on April 26, International Business Times. Archived from the original on September 28, AsiaNews C. January 10, Archived from the original on October 16, Retrieved October 13, The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on November 4, Archived from the original on December 28, Retrieved December 28, Retrieved August 23, February 16, Fox News. April 15, Archived from the original on August 26, USA Today. Archived from the original on August 20, December 26, Two Koreas in development: a comparative study of principles and strategies of capitalist and communist Third World development. Transaction Publishers. Archived from the original on January 22, Retrieved August 25, May 31, Retrieved May 31, Sky News. Bibliography \[ edit \]. External links \[ edit \]. Workers' Party of Korea. Rodong Sinmun Kulloja. CPK 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th CPK 1st 2nd 3rd Kim Il Sung. Kim Jong Il. Inter-Korean summits Nuclear tests Missile tests Songun. Kim Jong Un. Assassination of Kim Jong-nam. Nuclear tests January September Missile tests Portal : North Korea. Hidden categories: CS1 Korean-language sources ko CS1 maint: unfit URL Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All articles with vague or ambiguous time Vague or ambiguous time from August All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from August

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