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Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Psychoactive substance use is a significant problem and the perception of physicians and medical students for this problem is important since it may affect their behavior regarding managing patients who suffer from substance-related problems. The objective of this study was to examine the perception of Sudanese medical students regarding psychoactive substance use and its possible associations with sociodemographic factors. This cross-sectional study was carried out at a private Sudanese medical school in Khartoum, Sudan. A self-reporting questionnaire was distributed to all consenting students and data were analyzed using SPSS software. Chi-square test was used to analyze the associations between different factors. Among them, The mean and standard deviation SD of age was All students knew alcohol and students Knowledge about cannabis, cocaine, and heroin was more prevalent among female students. Most of the students disagreed with the behavior of substance use, e. Most students reported that it would be difficult - or even impossible - for them to use psychoactive substances. Most of the students perceived use of psychoactive substances to be associated with moderate to severe risk. Female gender and studying secondary school in Sudan were associated with perceiving more risk. Sudanese students' perception of psychoactive substance use seems to be favorable but still increasing awareness is recommended. Psychoactive substance use is a serious worldwide problem regarding social and health impacts. Perception and practices of physicians and medical students towards alcohol and psychoactive substance abuse are the areas of importance since their conceptions and attitudes will affect their behavior regarding managing patients who suffer from substance-related problems and also participation in educational roles for them. This study was conducted to examine the perceptions of Sudanese medical students regarding psychoactive substance use and to assess possible associations with sociodemographic factors. This cross-sectional study was carried out on medical students at a private Sudanese university in Khartoum, Sudan, in It is divided into two stages; preclinical which includes the 1st three years and clinical stage which includes the other two years. Total number of registered students at all levels in the School of Medicine at the time of data collection was about students. All of them were aimed to be included in the study. Data were gathered using a questionnaire that included the sociodemographic information, e. This questionnaire has been used in different countries under the Global Assessment Program on Drug Abuse GAP and it has been translated into many languages including Arabic 9 which was used in this study. The questionnaire includes several parts addressing how students think about psychoactive substances. The first part asks if the student has knowledge about the specified psychoactive substance with a simple two-option answer for each substance. Another part asks about whether or not the student disapproves of people using each one of the mentioned substances, with a 4-option answer. This part is followed by asking about the extent of perceived risk resulting from the use of each psychoactive substance, and the student has to choose one of the five options according to severity of risk for each substance. Another part addresses how difficult it would be for the student to use each substance, with graded options from impossible to very easy. The results of the questionnaire were not to be presented in scores or numbers; every individual question was addressed separately to calculate the percentage of different responses. Questionnaires were circulated to students in the lecture theater accompanied by envelopes and gathered instantly after completion. Clear instructions were provided to students about the study objectives and how to finish the questionnaire. The questionnaires did not include names or identifying information, and all participants were guaranteed for absolute confidentiality and assured of voluntary participation. Before sending them back, participants were advised to put the finished questionnaire forms in the envelopes. The research was designed to totally cover students in the medical school but it actually engaged those who were present at lectures on the days when questionnaires were circulated. Since anonymity was maintained, it was not possible to contact the absentees afterwards. Descriptive data were presented in numbers and percentages. Chi-square test was used to analyze the association of various categories. Permission has been acquired from the medical school officials. The informed consent was linked to the questionnaires and included the research objective, the insurance of voluntary participation, and confidentiality. One hundred thirteen All students knew alcohol. Regarding other substances, students Almost half of the students No significant associations were found between knowledge about substances and other factors like origin and marital status. Most of the students disagreed with the behavior of substance use; Sedative use without medical supervision was disapproved by Most of the students The same table also shows that perception of risk due to substance use was significantly higher among female students. No significant associations were found between perceived degree of risk of substance use and other factors like origin, financial status, or marital status of students. As shown in table 4 , most students reported that it would be difficult - or even impossible - for them to use psychoactive substances, for example, students This difficulty was more prevalent among female students, Table 4 also shows another difference in difficulty of psychoactive substance use for a medical student. Only 10 students No significant difference was found in difficulty of psychoactive substance use for a medical student regarding other factors like origin, financial status, or marital status. This study sheds light on the knowledge and perception of medical students on alcohol and substance use. A substantial accumulating evidence from Africa, 10 - 14 East Mediterranean Region EMR , 8 , 15 - 17 Asia, 18 and western countries 19 - 24 reports an increase in alcohol and substance use among university and college students and now it becomes a major concern worldwide. The highest prevalence is commonly identified among year-olds; 23 , 25 , 26 the age of freedom from parental control and independency, which may suggest this age group to be a main risk factor. However, the evidence of the association with college students is extended in many studies to the level that the prevalence among students is higher than other non-student age peers, 14 , 19 , 20 , 22 , 27 a phenomenon which may need more attention. Students in medical colleges are not immunized against this epidemic. Medical students are at more risk due to the high level of stress related to the tough nature of studying medicine plus their motivation for getting a higher achievement, which may encourage them to try some stimulants to stay awake for a long time to study more. Referring to the sociodemographic characteristics of the sample population, women are dominant in the study sample, almost by two-third, which is going with actual numbers in many colleges of medicine in Sudan. Other sociodemographic factors showed that the majority of the students were from the urban origin While both rural and urban communities, the same low and high socioeconomic status ones, are both exposed to drug use and no group is exempted, it is well known that the financial factors control the geographical distribution of psychoactive substances worldwide; e. The majority of both male and female students in our study reported that cannabis, heroin, and cocaine were known to them. The most acceptable substance for male students was alcohol; Alcohol and cannabis are the most popular substances of abuse in Sudan as shown in the report of the first rehabilitation center in Sudan. Using sedatives was perceived as easy or very easy for Amphetamines use is commonly reported as a major drug abuse in Saudi Arabia and other Gulf countries. However, Tramadol misuse is also reported in Egypt 15 and Iran. The lowest level of knowledge was detected about LSD only 7. The vast majority of students have perceived the use of psychoactive substances to be associated with moderate to severe levels of risk. The act of having 4 to 5 drinks in a raw nearly every day revealed the highest response rate as associated with moderate to severe risk for both female and male students The lowest response rate for an act that is associated with moderate to severe risk between female students was As commonly reported internationally, alcohol for men and sedatives for women were less difficult to be used. Risk of psychoactive substance use is more perceived by female students and they think, more than male ones, that it is difficult for them to use substances. Perceived difficulty of using substances is more among students who received their secondary education in Sudan compared with those who studied abroad. Limitations: The limitation of this study was that it included only one medical school, so the sample may not be representative of all Sudanese medical students. We would like to thank Professor Hussain Habil, consultant of addiction psychiatry and past president of the Malaysian Psychiatric Association, for his advice in the early stage of this study. Designed the study, led data collection, performed analysis, and wrote results: AIA; Wrote the part of discussion. Both authors revised the whole manuscript: MAA. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Addict Health. Find articles by Anas Ibn Auf. Find articles by Mohamed A Alnor. Received Feb 25; Accepted May 5. Open in a new tab. Data are presented as number and percentage. Perception of risk due to the following acts All Gender Male Female P Having one or two drinks nearly every day Moderate to severe Perceived difficulty on substance use in relation to gender and source of secondary certificate. Conflicts of Interest The authors have no conflict of interest. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel.

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