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Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The report, A New Approach to Managing Psychoactive Substances , calls for the decriminalization of drugs such as marijuana, heroin and cocaine, as well as strategies to reduce harm and address the social conditions underlying problem substance use. According to Culbert, prohibition has engendered an environment that fuels the growth of illegal markets, organized crime, violent injuries, and the deaths of users, dealers and police. It also has negative public health consequences such as accelerating the spread of HIV and hepatitis C, and increasing overdose deaths from contaminated drugs. Among other recommended first steps, the report calls on the federal government to move the lead on its antidrug strategy back to Health Canada, reinstate harm reduction as a core element of national drug policy and review the effectiveness, costs and benefits of current policies. Drug policies should emphasize health, not punishment, says Dr. Meanwhile, the threat of prosecution drives people who use illegal drugs away from prevention and care services into environments with increased risk of injury, disease and other harms. Indigenous peoples disproportionately experience these harms, Katie-Sue Derejko, senior policy analyst, public health for the Assembly of First Nations, told delegates to the CPHA conference. First Nations people are three times more likely to die from overdose, and they are roughly twice as likely to have HIV compared to the rest of Canada. The public health approach is already gaining traction across Canada at the municipal level. Countries such as Switzerland, Norway, Australia and Portugal have made drug policy changes to emphasize prevention, harm reduction and treatment that have also led to reductions in problem drug use and criminal justice overcrowding. Brian Emerson, a medical consultant in population and public health with the BC Ministry of Health, told delegates. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Find articles by Lauren Vogel. Open in a new tab. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel.

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Grathwohl , M. Dadmarz , W. Pharmacology 1 October ; 63 3 : — Most laboratory animal studies on self-administration of drugs of abuse use only one drug, whereas humans frequently engage in polydrug use. For this reason, we studied oral self-administration of ethanol E and cocaine C with the free choice bottle method using a single drug alone, a combination E and C in separate bottles or a mixture of both drugs in a single bottle. Young female rats 45 days consumed similar amounts of C if offered alone They also consumed similar amounts of E if offered alone 3. Voluntary consumption of both drugs varied markedly among animals but was consistent in a given rat. No correlation occurred between consumption of E and C. Young male rats behaved similarly and consumed similar amounts of E and C alone, in combination and as mixture. While E consumption was similar, C consumption was higher in female rats. Old male rats days were similar to young male rats. The presence of a saccharin solution as a distracter had no effect on intake of E or C in young females but reduced E intake only in young male rats. In young animals, prior voluntary consumption of either E or C had no effect on subsequent voluntary consumption of the same or other drug offered in combination. These results indicate that this model may be useful to study polydrug use in humans, that consumption of both E and C is strongly controlled by an individual animal, that prior exposure to one drug had no or little effect on a subsequent consumption of the same or other drug in combination and that intake of E or C seems to be independent of each other suggesting two independent reward centers. Sign In or Create an Account. Search Dropdown Menu. Advanced Search. Skip Nav Destination Close navigation menu Article navigation. Volume 63, Issue 3. Article Navigation. Research Articles October 05 Grathwohl ; C. This Site. Google Scholar. Dadmarz ; M. Vogel W. Pharmacology 63 3 : — Article history Published Online:. Cite Icon Cite. Abstract Most laboratory animal studies on self-administration of drugs of abuse use only one drug, whereas humans frequently engage in polydrug use. You do not currently have access to this content. View full article. Sign in Don't already have an account? Buy Token. This article is also available for rental through DeepDyve. View Metrics. Email alerts Online First Alert. Latest Issue Alert. Citing articles via Web Of Science 7. CrossRef 6. Non-coding RNA networks in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Karger International S. Karger AG P. Karger AG, Basel. Close Modal.

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