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The molecular biology of addictive drugs

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The addictive drugs alcohol, morphine, cocaine, and amphetamine are each associated with the development of tolerance and physical dependence. Changes in gene expression occur in cell culture and in vivo with the administration of these centrally-acting drugs. This article reviews those experiments that have studied drug-induced alterations in gene transcription. Ethanol has diverse effects on the amounts of messenger RNA molecules within the central nervous system. Ion channels, neuropeptides, membrane receptors, and immediate early genes represent several regulated mRNAs. The effects are selective, however, as many other specific products are not altered. Evidence for a genetic predisposition to ethanol use reinforces the importance of the genotype. Opioids, cocaine, and amphetamine also affect gene transcription. Messenger RNAs studied have included many of those demonstrated to be altered by alcohol use. Interestingly, use of any of these drugs alters the expression of immediate early genes. These genes may represent an initial step in the pathway that leads to drug addiction. The composite of drug-induced changes in gene expression results in the cellular responses of tolerance and dependence. The characterization of these changes should provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of drug addiction. This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access. Rent this article via DeepDyve. Institutional subscriptions. Baudry M. Beitner-Johnson D. Belknap K. Blasig J. Blum K. Brandt M. Article Google Scholar. Brinton R. Brodie M. Caboche J. Carlen P. Chang K. CAS Google Scholar. Chang S. Charness M. Chiara G. USA 85 , — Article PubMed Google Scholar. Chu N. Cohen B. Google Scholar. Cox B. Dave J. Deitrich R. Dolin S. Evans C. Pasternak, ed. Fleming E. Fontenot G. Goelet P. Goldman D. Graybiel A. USA 87 , — Guitart X. Harper J. Hayward M. Iadarola M. Ishizawa H. Johannesson T. Johnson S. Klee W. USA 71 , — Koob G. Kornblum H. Brain Res. Kozel N. Kuhar M. Law P. Lightman S. Little H. Mackler S. Mereu G. Mochly-Rosen D. Montpied P. Morrow A. Nestlet E. Nestler E. North R. O'Brien C. Poherecky L. Pritchett D. Robertson H. Rogers J. Romualdi P. Schuckit M. Schwartz J. Sheng M. Simonds W. Sonnenberg J. Sorensen S. Alcohol 42 , — Suzdak P. USA 83 , — Tecott L. Tewari S. Trujillo K. Uhl G. Valvarius P. Van Gelder R. Vincent S. Monograph , in press. Wafford K. Young S. USA 88 , — Zigmond R. Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Reprints and permissions. Mackler, S. The molecular biology of addictive drugs. Mol Neurobiol 5 , 45—58 Download citation. Issue Date : March Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Molecular Neurobiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript. Abstract The addictive drugs alcohol, morphine, cocaine, and amphetamine are each associated with the development of tolerance and physical dependence. Access this article Log in via an institution. Comparison of gene expression profiles in drug-withdrawn rats Article 28 June The biology of addiction Article 11 November Differentially expressed gene networks, biomarkers, long noncoding RNAs, and shared responses with cocaine identified in the midbrains of human opioid abusers Article Open access 07 February References Baudry M. Article Google Scholar Brinton R. Article Google Scholar Caboche J. Google Scholar Cox B. Google Scholar Fleming E. Google Scholar Ishizawa H. Article Google Scholar Johannesson T. Google Scholar Mackler S. Google Scholar Mereu G. Article Google Scholar Nestler E. Google Scholar Poherecky L. Article Google Scholar Pritchett D. Article Google Scholar Romualdi P. Google Scholar von Zastrow M. Eberwine Authors Scott A. Mackler View author publications. View author publications. Rights and permissions Reprints and permissions. About this article Cite this article Mackler, S. Copy to clipboard. Search Search by keyword or author Search. Navigation Find a journal Publish with us Track your research.

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