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Activities by an organized crime group involving the illegal entry, transit or residence of migrants for a financial or material benefit. The illicit trade and possession of species covered by CITES convention, and other species protected under national law. The poaching, illicit trade in and possession of species covered by CITES and other species protected by national law. Includes IUU fishing. The illicit extraction, smuggling, mingling, bunkering or mining of natural resources and the illicit trade of such commodities. The production, distribution and sale of heroin. Consumption of the drug is considered in determining the reach of the criminal market. The production, distribution and sale of cocaine and its derivatives. Consumption is considered in determining the reach of the market. The illicit cultivation, distribution and sale of cannabis oil, resin, herb or leaves. Consumption is used to determine the market's reach. The production, distribution and sale of synthetic drugs. Clearly defined organized crime groups that usually have a known name, defined leadership, territorial control and identifiable membership. Loose networks of criminal associates engaging in criminal activities who fail to meet the defining characteristics of mafia-style groups. Includes foreign nationals and diaspora groups. The State's role in responding to organized crime and its effectiveness. The degree to which states have put oversight mechanisms in place to ensure against state collusion in illicit activities. A country's supranational structures and processes of interaction, policy making and concrete implementation to respond to organized crime. The degree to which states are able to control their physical and cyber territory and infrastructure against organized criminal activities. Assistance provided to victims of various forms of organized crime, including initiatives such as witness protection programs. Refers to the existence of strategies, measures, resource allocation, programmes and processes that are aimed to inhibit organized crime. Mozambique is a waypoint and destination market for people trafficked from various countries in Asia and Africa. Victims are trafficked to work in small businesses and hotels, especially in northern Mozambique. Recently, the country has begun to see the emergence of child trafficking, as well as of trafficking for organ harvesting a practice that at this stage is mostly ad hoc and opportunistic. Mozambique is part of a major route for human smuggling, with a significant number of Pakistanis arriving in the country on their way to South Africa. It is also a transit country for migrants being smuggled overland from Somalia and Kenya, once again bound for South Africa. Corruption is a key facilitator of migrant smuggling — however, the smuggling networks, which consist mainly of foreign actors, operate at a relatively low level and there is minimal violence involved. There are reports of arms coming into small ports in the northern part of Mozambique and then being used in insurgencies in Cabo Delgado province — in particular, and in Mocimboa da Praia in August The main sources of arms have been direct imports and cross-border smuggling from neighbouring countries. Stockpiles of illegal weapons in Mozambique currently exceed demand. As a result, many of these weapons have made their way into South Africa, where the demand is higher. Mozambique has a substantial market for illegal logging, which has resulted in extensive deforestation across the country. The driving force behind illegal logging, as in other African countries, is China's high demand for timber. All actors in the illegal logging industry operate with almost complete impunity and there are allegations of collusion between criminal networks and government officials, who facilitate the shipment of illicit wood out of the country by issuing false licenses and authorizations. With over two-thirds of Mozambique's population being dependent on smallholder farming, the long-term environmental impact of illicit logging makes the country especially vulnerable. Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing is prevalent off the coast of Mozambique. The country is also one of the principal suppliers of ivory and rhino horn to Asia. Political protection for southern poachers is provided by mid- to high-level state officials. There has been a distinct reduction in horn-smuggling seizures, possibly due to the severe decrease in global mobility in and the crackdown on the wildlife trade in China in the wake of COVID Mozambique has an active market for non-renewable-resource crimes. Mining operations in the country generally lack transparency, with most profitable mining concessions being owned by those with powerful political connections. The South African police suspect the involvement of some of Mozambique's political elite in this trade. Mozambique is an integral part of a major heroin transit route, which is operated by a tightly regulated network of families that is believed to be backed by the political class in the country. The heroin market is almost entirely under the control of the state, which explains the low levels of violence associated with the heroin trade in Mozambique. The insurgency in Cabo Delgado has created greater challenges for heroin importers, but in spite of this, northern Mozambique has emerged as a major landing point for Afghan heroin. From here, it goes to other parts of Africa, as well as to Europe. There is a growing domestic market for heroin in the coastal Indian Ocean states and seizures have reportedly increased. Mozambique is a destination and transit country for cocaine. It is understood that small shipments arrive by air and overland routes, while larger shipments arrive by sea. There is speculation that because of international clampdowns on West African transit routes, countries like Mozambique have emerged as attractive alternatives. Mozambique is a significant trans-shipment point for cannabis in the region. The country also has a domestic cannabis-production and consumption market, but it is relatively informal. The manufacturing of synthetic drugs has increased, especially in Maputo. The northern Mozambique coast is an entry point for methamphetamine manufactured in Afghanistan. The trafficking of synthetic drugs tends to overlap with wildlife and human trafficking. Evidence shows that some state-embedded actors own legal ruby companies in Mozambique that are involved in tax evasion, as well as in taking advantage of local populations. They are also complicit in a number of illicit economies. There is virtual impunity for high-ranking politicians involved in criminal markets. Moreover, the police are described as the closest thing to a mafia group in the country, with law-enforcement officers often engaged directly in organized-crime activities and used as a hit squad by the government and ruling party. Foreign criminal actors are known to operate in Mozambique — for example, Chinese criminal actors play a significant role in the country's illicit timber industry as well as in illicit mining, ivory trafficking and illegal fishing. Tanzanian criminal groups are involved in the illegal ivory trade, while Somali nationals drive human smuggling operations and Thai networks have a stake in the smuggling of rubies. Vietnamese groups are reportedly involved in the illegal rhino trade and the local heroin market is linked to Pakistani organized crime networks. There are many local criminal networks in Mozambique, including powerful families who exercise control over some of the country's ports and have a strong presence in the biggest cities in the northern parts of the country. These groups have established tight relationships with Mozambique's political elite as well as international links to the Pakistani market for heroin. Loose insurgency-style Islamist groups that resemble mafia-style groups operate primarily in Cabo Delgado province, where criminality is rife and large-scale trafficking of wildlife, timber, heroin and ruby exist. However, links between the insurgents and criminal markets remain unproven. The Mozambican government is seen as corrupt and has never taken a solid stance against organized crime. The revelation in of its secret multi-billion-dollar debt significantly reduced its credibility in decrying organized crime, while research suggests that the electoral process in Mozambique has been sponsored by criminal activities. There is very little transparency in Mozambique and the government has not implemented any oversight mechanisms. The hidden-debts scandal prompted the government to tighten up on transparency and accountability, but the result has been an increase in red tape that has not had any significant effect on hampering corruption. Mozambique engages in international cooperation to a limited degree and has ratified a number of treaties on organized crime. It has also entered into a joint commitment with China to combat illegal logging, but the document is largely unenforceable, and a bilateral agreement was signed between police forces in Mozambique and Tanzania to fight terrorism and organized crime. In , the UNODC established an office in Maputo and a strategic plan on countering the drug trade and organized crime was agreed upon with the government, although the strategy is largely dependent on foreign donors. While Mozambique has several local laws related to organized crime, as well as various policies on its prevention, there is no official national strategy on the issue and evidence suggests that the state has obstructed attempts at trans-border law enforcement. Mozambique's judiciary has a very poor reputation. Its courts are under-resourced and several judges have been accused of corruption. There are no specialized departments within the judiciary focused on countering organized crime, and the country also has no specific legislation that allows it to prosecute northern insurgents as terrorists. Mozambique's law enforcement agencies are poorly resourced and under-equipped, and therefore unable to investigate organized crime effectively. As with the judiciary, there are no specialized law-enforcement units dedicated to combating organized crime. There is strong evidence of corruption at Mozambique's border posts, with the free movement of illicit goods being allowed in exchange for bribes. In addition, the intensifying Cabo Delgado conflict also contributes to the increasingly vulnerable territorial integrity of the country. The macroeconomic stability of Mozambique is threatened by factors such as the feeble economic growth and a sharp decline in capital influx. The country has been assessed as being among those most at risk of money laundering and terrorist financing. Nevertheless, it has enacted strong legislation prohibiting corruption and money laundering, and the Bank of Mozambique appears to be taking a much firmer stance against money laundering by fining commercial banks on a fairly regular basis. Mozambique's victim- and witness-support programmes are poorly developed. Legislation to protect whistle-blowers is very broad and does not address situations that occur within the business environment. The Mozambican state is not involved in any significant community-based crime prevention activities, and the issue is discussed only in the context of countering violent extremism in Cabo Delgado and elsewhere in the north. There is a relatively new network of journalists and civil society organizations, based mostly in Maputo, who are vocal about and committed to fighting organized crime in Mozambique. The media is under-resourced, and journalists are often threatened and even assaulted. Most media organizations therefore practise self-censorship when reporting on organized crime. The government has banned foreign correspondents from covering the northern conflict. The criminal markets score is represented by the pyramid base size and the criminal actors score is represented by the pyramid height, on a scale ranging from 1 to The resilience score is represented by the panel height, which can be identified by the side of the panel. A series of 13 discussion papers, one for each illicit market considered during the development of the Index. We're constantly working to improve the Index. By participating in this survey, you will be providing us with insights and suggestions that will help us make the Index an even better resource. This report was funded in part by a grant from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State. Capital Maputo. Income group Low income. Population 30,, Geography type Coastal. Criminal markets 6. An assessment of the value, prevalence and non-monetary impacts of a specific crime type. Human trafficking 4. Human smuggling 5. Arms trafficking 5. Flora crimes 8. Fauna crimes 8. Non-renewable resource crimes 8. Heroin trade 7. Cocaine trade 3. Cannabis trade 4. Synthetic drug trade 7. Criminal actors 7. An assessment of the impact and influence of a specific criminal actor type on society. Mafia-style groups 3. Criminal networks 8. State-embedded actors 9. Foreign actors 7. Political leadership and governance 3. Government transparency and accountability 3. International cooperation 5. National policies and laws 5. A state's legal action and structures put in place to respond to organized crime. Judicial system and detention 2. Law enforcement 2. Territorial integrity 3. Anti-money laundering 3. Economic regulatory capacity 4. Victim and witness support 3. Prevention 2. Non-state actors 3. Analysis Download full profile english. People Mozambique is a waypoint and destination market for people trafficked from various countries in Asia and Africa. Trade There are reports of arms coming into small ports in the northern part of Mozambique and then being used in insurgencies in Cabo Delgado province — in particular, and in Mocimboa da Praia in August Environment Mozambique has a substantial market for illegal logging, which has resulted in extensive deforestation across the country. Drugs Mozambique is an integral part of a major heroin transit route, which is operated by a tightly regulated network of families that is believed to be backed by the political class in the country. Criminal Actors Evidence shows that some state-embedded actors own legal ruby companies in Mozambique that are involved in tax evasion, as well as in taking advantage of local populations. Leadership and governance The Mozambican government is seen as corrupt and has never taken a solid stance against organized crime. Criminal justice and security Mozambique's judiciary has a very poor reputation. Economic and financial environment The macroeconomic stability of Mozambique is threatened by factors such as the feeble economic growth and a sharp decline in capital influx. Civil society and social protection Mozambique's victim- and witness-support programmes are poorly developed. Read the analysis Listen the podcasts View all events. Next Skip. How to measure organized crime? Read more on globalinitiative. Give us feedback We're constantly working to improve the Index.
Maputo (Mozambique), 31 August – Long a cocaine seized rising by %. Moreover, seizures of amphetamines and methaqualone have also consistently.
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Moreover, seizures of amphetamines and methaqualone have also consistently shown an upward trend since Data on drug trafficking and consumption is essential for authorities to identify and swiftly respond to emerging substances and trafficking routes. However, the lack of comprehensive data remains a significant and pressing challenge for national drug authorities worldwide, including in Mozambique. Participants gained valuable insights into how data can be channelled through ARQs and Individual Drug Seizures questionnaires, as well as other reporting mechanisms to the United Nations, such as the UNODC Data eXchange Platform, exploring the various indicators and array of sources that can be used to obtain key information. UNODC statisticians shared best practices — and challenges — in collecting data in a cost-effective, efficient and rigorous manner, demonstrated by real-life cases observed in other Member States. Moreover, attendees gained insights into how UNODC and national entities use this invaluable data to inform policies, decisions, and interventions related to drug-related issues. The training also included a demonstration of the Drug Monitoring Platform DMP , a multi-source system managed by UNODC for collecting, visualizing, and sharing drug data in near real-time with interactive visualizations and geographical insights. Trainees emphasized the utility of DMP in providing an overview on drug trafficking worldwide and to access information on ongoing drug-related trends in neighboring countries and the wider Southern African region. The negative impacts of drug trafficking are far-reaching, with grave social and economic consequences. This form of criminality often leads to instability and violence, while also fuelling other forms of transnational organized crime, such as human trafficking and terrorist activities. By collecting accurate data and conducting regular analysis, States can take evidence-based action to protect vulnerable populations, identify and disrupt criminal networks, and seize illegal assets. Furthermore, drug trafficking often leads to the proliferation of illegal drugs in communities, contributing to substance abuse, addiction, and associated health problems. As such, accurate and timely data can also be used to carry out more effective public awareness campaigns on the dangers of drug trafficking and consumption. Welcoming the capacity-building training, Mr. By enhancing its capacity to collect and analyze drug-related data, Mozambique can bolster its reporting to the United Nations — contributing to global data-driven action to combat the World Drug Problem, while also advancing its fight against drug trafficking and safeguarding public health through the implementation of more effective treatment programs. This training was carried out in the framework of the UNODC project on strengthening the capacities of Mozambican criminal justice actors to tackle drug trafficking, generously funded by the Federal Republic of Germany. Welcome to the United Nations. United Nations. Site Search Search the site. Caption: Central Office for Drug Prevention and Control officials during the closing session of the training. More information This training was carried out in the framework of the UNODC project on strengthening the capacities of Mozambican criminal justice actors to tackle drug trafficking, generously funded by the Federal Republic of Germany. Related articles.
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