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She admitted to recently taking flu medication. The news went viral; many media outlets asked whether the flu medicine contained drugs. Is it dangerous? She believes that conducting urine tests to detect drugs is crucial. These compounds can be measured in urine samples using various analytical methods, with immunoassay and chromatography techniques being the most commonly used or, if possible, combined into immunochromatography. Testing with these techniques is relatively quick and easy. The immunochromatography kit is a test strip based on immunochromatography. It results from the binding of antigen-antibody labeled with specific dyes so that it can be seen without requiring special equipment or personnel with special skills. Furthermore, Professor Ikawati explained that several legal and commonly used drugs are known to cause false positives in drug urine tests using immunoassay methods due to their chemical structures resembling illicit substances. These flu medications contain decongestant drugs such as phenylpropanolamine and pseudoephedrine, antihistamines such as chlorpheniramine maleate and triprolidine, and cough medicines like dextromethorphan. Some of these drugs belong to the amino compound category, which has structural similarities to some drugs in the narcotic group. Here are some other examples of drugs known to cause false positives in specific situations: pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs like Ibuprofen can show false positives for marijuana THC. Naproxen Aleve can also show false positives for THC. In cough and cold medications, the presence of dextromethorphan, found in many over-the-counter cough medicines, can yield false positives for opiates or phencyclidine PCP. Pseudoephedrine found in decongestants can show false positives for amphetamines. In antidepressants, drugs like Sertraline Zoloft can show false positives for benzodiazepines or LSD. Bupropion Wellbutrin can show false positives for amphetamines. And in antipsychotic medications, drugs like Quetiapine Seroquel can show false positives for methadone or tricyclic antidepressants. Other drugs include Ranitidine Zantac , a stomach acid reducer, which can show false positives for methamphetamine or amphetamine. Trazodone, commonly used as a sleep aid or antidepressant, can yield false positives for amphetamines or methamphetamine. In antihistamines, Diphenhydramine Benadryl can sometimes show false positives for methadone, opioids, or PCP. In anticonvulsants, drugs like Phenytoin Dilantin and carbamazepine can also show false positives for barbiturates or opioids. Professor Ikawati reiterated that these false positives can occur due to chemical cross-reactivity between these drugs and the antibodies used in immunoassay tests to detect drugs. Professor Ikawati mentioned that confirmation tests can differentiate between actual drugs and other substances that may have similar chemical structures. Chromatography, especially when combined with mass spectrometry, is a highly accurate method for confirming positive results from initial screening tests like immunoassays. GC-MS is the gold standard in drug testing due to its high accuracy and reliability. This method can precisely identify and quantify drug substances in samples by separating chemical components and identifying each based on mass and molecular structure. However, this method is more expensive, requires specialized equipment and time, and is usually performed in a laboratory after initial tests indicate positive results. This process is essential to ensure that the initial positive results are accurate and not due to interference from other substances or specific conditions that can cause false positives. Professor Ikawati revealed that this can occur due to ignorance or unpreparedness during testing. If a drug test is planned, such as for school or job applications, it is advisable to avoid using other medications before the drug test. However, if the test is done suddenly, inform the testers about any medications consumed to anticipate false positives. Professor Ikawati emphasized that drugs that yield false positive results cannot be said to contain narcotics and be dangerous. It cannot be concluded that these drugs contain drugs. As for their danger, it also cannot be generalized and depends on the type of drug. Components of flu medication, for example, are over-the-counter and non-addictive drugs. Universitas Gadjah Mada. News Faculty Corner. Author: Agung Nugroho Photo: Freepik. Related News. Latest News. Latest Events. All Events. Crisis Center. Open toolbar Aksesbilitas.

UGM Expert Responds to False Positives in Drug Tests Due to Flu Medication

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