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Incidents have been adding up. Significant cocaine seizures have been made in the country this year. As of September, the country had interdicted The primary destinations have long been traditional domestic consumption of the coca leaf and drug trafficking. In recent years, there has been an increase in illegal coca being brought to market and a relaxation of state and social controls over coca cultivation. As a consequence, Bolivia has overproduced coca leaf, far outstripping the legal limits sent by the government. And since we are also seeing an increase in Peruvian coca being smuggled in, Bolivia is flush with the raw material needed to make cocaine. This is why Bolivia has become a cocaine manufacturing hub and the leading supplier of this drug to the Southern Cone of Latin America. What impact have they had? JC: The current conflict over the control of the legal coca market is a real problem for President Arce. Official data does not allow us to see what lies beneath the reported achievements. If total coca production in the country amounts to around 52, tons per year, but the sale of legal coca is just 19, tons, where does all the remaining coca go? The way in which coca crops are eradicated needs to be brought under control. It is being handled in a lax manner and without any external oversight. IC: What have been the most significant changes to the Bolivian cocaine trafficking market in recent years? This has made it possible to diversify drug trafficking routes. Beyond traditional trafficking routes to Chile and Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay have seen increased seizures of Bolivian cocaine. The methods of transporting cocaine have had the necessary political protection to carry larger loads via small planes, boats, and vehicles. The use of air bridges to Brazil and Paraguay, coupled with weak police control, have been the main factors in consolidating cocaine trafficking routes in eastern Bolivia. IC: At the moment, approximately what proportion of Bolivian coca paste is processed in the country? JC : In , approximately 9. That same year, anti-drug trafficking forces reported that more cocaine paste processing laboratories were found than cocaine crystallization facilities. This may mean that a high proportion of cocaine paste is exported to be refined outside Bolivia. Some amount of crystallization still takes place though. According to a chemical analysis of drugs seized in Europe in and , around a quarter came from Bolivia and Peru. In , over 18 tons of cocaine were seiz ed, indicating that some cocaine processing happens here. IC: How have the average prices of coca leaf and cocaine paste changed in recent years? How, if at all, has that differed in the various parts of Bolivia? JC : Coca leaf prices can vary weekly, depending on their quality and origin. But in recent years, prices have fallen due to overproduction. IC: How, if at all, has the supply of precursor chemicals for processing coca paste and cocaine changed? JC: Argentina is one of the main suppliers of precursor chemicals to Bolivia. Porous borders with little state presence have allowed such access. Domestic precursors such as cement and gasoline are used, which are inexpensive and affordable anywhere in Bolivia. Gasoline plays a particularly important role in the cocaine dynamic. It used almost 13 million liters in despite having a population of around 10, people. JC : The family clans play an intermediary role between the production and commercialization of Bolivian cocaine through links with Brazilian, Colombian, and Mexican criminal organizations. IC: How, if at all, has the presence of Brazilian drug traffickers in the country changed in recent years? JC : There is some evidence to show that a rise in assassinations carried out by hired killers in eastern Bolivia is due to violent competition between Brazilian criminal organizations. They are fighting to secure greater supplies, better trade routes, political protection, and territorial control. The presence of groups such as the PCC and CV has been reported since and they take a majority of the cocaine produced in Bolivia to Brazil. These groups have gained control of border cities such as Cobija, Puerto Suarez, San Matias, Guayaramerin, and others. JC : Bolivia is facing a number of possible scenarios, including an increase in violence linked to cocaine trafficking. The expansion of criminal economies in key parts of the country is also a crucial issue that needs to be faced. Other impacts include deforestation, illicit coca cultivation, water contamination, illegal logging, trafficking, and land grabbing. Subscribe to our newsletter to receive a weekly digest of the latest organized crime news and stay up-to-date on major events, trends, and criminal dynamics from across the region. Donate today to empower research and analysis about organized crime in Latin America and the Caribbean, from the ground up. Skip to content. IC: What have been the main challenges? IC: In terms of Bolivian cocaine traffickers, who are the main local players? IC: What are your predictions for the future of cocaine trafficking in Bolivia? Stay Informed With InSight Crime Subscribe to our newsletter to receive a weekly digest of the latest organized crime news and stay up-to-date on major events, trends, and criminal dynamics from across the region.

Bolivia has become a 'strategic hub' for cocaine trafficking

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Coca crops are grown legally across 22, hectares in the Yungas region and the Cochabamba Tropics. Although coca cultivation and drug trafficking are not the main drivers of deforestation in Bolivia, they still contribute. Drug traffickers are clearing forest in national parks to grow coca, and to build cocaine laboratories and illegal airstrips. Amid the dense wilderness of the Bolivian Amazon lurks the superstructure of a billion-dollar business. Bright-green coca sprouts in clearings, workers sweat in artisanal laboratories, and unmarked Cessnas land and take off again. It is hard to tell from the compacted kilos, but alongside beef, soy, and gold, cocaine is contributing to habitat destruction and biodiversity loss. It starts with coca. Year after year, the area under coca cultivation in Bolivia continues to grow. All these areas border the Bolivian Amazon. In , the country registered 29, hectares of coca, a reduction of 1. Of those 29, hectares, over two-thirds are legal. About 22, hectares of permitted coca are grown in the Yungas region and the Tropic of Cochabamba. However, the remaining one-third is illicit, with those 7, extra hectares planted in illegally deforested land. Often though, the product arrives already processed, either as coca paste or cocaine base requiring further refining in laboratories, or as cocaine hydrochloride awaiting re-export. Both scenarios require illegal airstrips. Hacked out of the canopy, these clandestine landing spots are scattered across the landscape. Others are allegedly hidden in the Noel Kempff National Park, in the northeastern part of the department of Santa Cruz, according to Quintanilla. These national parks are a target for drug trafficking infrastructure, not only because they are in remote areas where it is difficult to carry out security operations, but also because they are located on the borders with Peru, another cocaine-producing country, and Brazil, one of the main gateways for drugs heading to Europe. Indigenous reserves are a particularly attractive target. If the imported drugs are processed in Bolivia, it is often within or near national parks. One drug trafficking analyst, who asked to remain anonymous for security reasons, suggested this shows a worrying increase in Bolivian involvement in the drug trade. And not only by coca plantations, but also by refining laboratories for cocaine base. Laboratories tend to be concealed under tree cover, so their environmental impact does not come from deforestation, but rather from the dumping of chemical residues into rivers and, to a lesser extent, on land, explained a Bolivian drug trafficking expert who spoke on condition of anonymity for security reasons. Both have repercussions for local communities that depend on these ecosystems for their survival. This article was originally posted on insightcrime. Bolivia is in the midst of a gold rush caused by record gold prices and growing international demand. This gold rush has been facilitated by permissive mining For years in Bolivia, high-value woods like cedar and the mara variety of mahogany have been felled to feed domestic and international construction and Deforestation has reached alarming levels in Bolivia. One of the main drivers of tree cover loss — loss of the canopy — is the rise in slash-and-burn land In Bolivia, prospectors are digging craters and poisoning rivers in Madidi National Park. This natural treasure stretches from the Andes to the Amazon Several countries are expanding laws and penal codes to target illegal activities that degrade nature, but many gaps remain. The unprotected southern portion of the Chapada Diamantina mountain range, in the state of Bahia, is in the crosshairs of mining operations, remaining Main page content Environment. Latin America and Caribbean Forests and Biodiversity. North Yungas Road, Bolivia. Related content. Newsletter subscription Sign up for news on environment, conflict and cooperation. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. First name. Privacy policy When you are asked to submit personal information while using our services, you are free to choose whether or not to provide this. Your personal details will be stored and used in accordance with German data protection regulations. Any personal details collected as part of this newsletter subscription will be used for the purpose of processing the subscription and dealing with your enquiries. Your details will not be passed onto third parties. No use will be made of your details for consulting purposes, for advertising or for market research. If you cancel your subscription, all your personal details will be deleted from our database. I agree with the delivery of the newsletter. You can revoke your consent to the site operator at any time by unsubscribing from the newsletter. An unsubscribe function is also at the bottom of every newsletter. Leave this field blank.

Buy Cocaine Cochabamba