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A ceiling has been set by the Public Health Ministry, below which people possessing illicit drugs will be regarded as drug users not liable for legal punishment. The measure was launched in tandem with Section of the Narcotics Code requiring the minister to release a ministerial regulation specifying the maximum amounts by which people can possess illicit drugs and are still regarded as users, as opposed to drug traders or traffickers who face much tougher punishment. For example, an offender who has in his or her possession up to five meth pills or milligrammes at the time of arrest is to be treated by law as a drug user. Under the law, people who harbour small amounts of an illicit drug are assumed to have the intent to consume it. They should undergo rehab and be spared imprisonment. Dr Cholnan said the proposal was put to a public hearing over the course of two weeks. After that, it was forwarded to the cabinet for approval and then published in the Royal Gazette. Ceilings for other popular drugs were also put in place: MDEA a substitute amphetamine of up to five units or 1, mg; heroin, up to mg; LSD lysergic acid diethylamide , a potent psychedelic drug, up to mg; ecstasy, up to 1, mg. Other celings are cocaine, up to mg; opium, up to 5, mg; cannabis extracts with more than 0. The regulation will be adopted as a guideline for law enforcement officials in seeking prosecution of individuals in drug cases. However, Dr Cholnan insisted conditions apply when considering if drug users can escape legal punishment. First they must consent to attending a drug rehab programme. Second, they must stay for the duration and satisfy all rehab criteria and third, they must be certified as having completed rehab. The individuals must meet all three criteria before they can be spared punishment. The minister said he has been misquoted by netizens who criticised him for taking a soft stance on drug abuse. Meanwhile, Narcotics Suppression Bureau commissioner Pol Lt Gen Kirisak Tantinwachai said that despite the ceilings, an offender found with a small amount of drug still may be subject to heavy punishment if the circumstances of the crime warrant it. If it could be proven they possess even a small amount of drug with the intent to trade or export, they are liable for a hefty jail term, he added. Illicit drug limit set for avoiding jail Small Medium Large. Illicit drug limit set for avoiding jail Ceiling announced in 'Royal Gazette'. Small Medium Large. Photo: Somchai Poomlard. Do you like the content of this article? Stranded tourists rescued from flash flood in Thailand's Uthai Thani province About 5, people claim to lose B1.

Illicit drug limit set for avoiding jail

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These datasets underpin the analysis presented in the agency's work. Most data may be viewed interactively on screen and downloaded in Excel format. All countries. Topics A-Z. The content in this section is aimed at anyone involved in planning, implementing or making decisions about health and social responses. Best practice. We have developed a systemic approach that brings together the human networks, processes and scientific tools necessary for collecting, analysing and reporting on the many aspects of the European drugs phenomenon. Explore our wide range of publications, videos and infographics on the drugs problem and how Europe is responding to it. All publications. More events. More news. We are your source of drug-related expertise in Europe. We prepare and share independent, scientifically validated knowledge, alerts and recommendations. About the EUDA. Mitragyna speciosa Korth. In Thailand, the tree and leaf-preparations from it are called kratom. Traditionally, fresh or dried kratom leaves are chewed or made into tea; they are seldom smoked. At a low dose, kratom has stimulant effects and is used to combat fatigue during long working hours. At high dosages, however, it can have sedative-narcotic effects. It is also used in traditional medicine and as an opium substitute. The phytochemicals isolated from various parts of the tree include over 40 structurally related alkaloids as well as several flavonoids, terpenoid saponins, polyphenols, and various glycosides. The main psychoactive components in the leaves are mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, both found only in Mitragyna speciosa. Mitragynine is the most abundant alkaloid in the leaves. It was first isolated in and its chemical structure was fully elucidated in Mitragynine is insoluble in water but soluble in conventional organic solvents, including acetone, acetic acid, alcohols, chloroform and diethyl ether providing fluorescent solutions. The chemical total syntheses reported for several kratom alkaloids are too complex to be used for economic production of any these compounds. However, mitragynine can serve as a chemical precursor to the more potent 7-hydroxymitragynine. The leaves of the tree Mitragyna speciosa are oval or ovate-lanceolate and dark green in colour and can grow to mm long and mm wide. The veins of the leaves are either greenish-white or red — the former is reputed to be more potent. The average weight of a fresh and a dried leaf is about 1. The yellow and globular flowers of the tree bear up to florets. The fruit is a capsule containing numerous small flat seeds. Kratom products are usually supplied as crushed or powdered dried leaves that are light to dark green in colour. Powdery, greenish or beige-brown kratom preparations fortified with extracts from other leaves are also available. Stable, paste-like extracts and dark brown kratom resin can be made by partially or fully boiling down the water from aqueous kratom leaf suspensions. Tinctures and capsules, filled with powdered kratom, are also available. Kratom preparations contain several phytochemicals in varying ratios rendering their proper pharmacological evaluation difficult. Human clinical studies are scarce. After taking a few grams of dried leaves, the invigorating effects and euphoria are felt within 10 minutes and last for one to one and a half hours. Kratom users report increased work capacity, alertness, sociability and sometimes heightened sexual desire. The pupils are usually normal or very slightly contracted; blushing may be noted. For regular kratom users, loss of weight, tiredness, constipation, and hyperpigmentation of the cheek may be notable side effects. The pharmacological mechanism responsible for stimulant activity is unclear. Kratom taken in large, sedating doses corresponding to 10—25 g of dried leaves may initially produce sweating, dizziness, nausea and dysphoria but these effects are shortly superseded with calmness, euphoria and a dreamlike state that last for up to six hours. Contracted pupils miosis are noted. The receptor agonist effect of kratom alkaloids is antagonised by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. In animal studies, the antinociceptive and cough-suppressant effects of mitragynine were comparable to those of codeine. In mice, 7-hydroxymitragynine was several times more potent analgesic than morphine even upon oral administration. Kratom is slightly toxic to animals. Mice chronically treated with 7-hydroxymitragynine developed tolerance, cross-tolerance to morphine and withdrawal signs that could be precipitated by naloxone administration. Regular kratom use may produce dependence. The withdrawal symptoms in humans are relatively mild and typically diminish within a week. Craving, weakness and lethargy, anxiety, restlessness, rhinorrhea , myalgia , nausea, sweating, muscle pain, jerky movements of the limbs, tremor as well as sleep disturbances and hallucination may occur. In a man who fatally overdosed propylhexedrine and kratom, the postmortem mitragynine concentrations ranged from 0. The consumption of kratom concomitantly with other drugs can provoke serious side effects. In fact, adverse drug interactions involving kratom tea taken with carisoprodol, modafinil, propylhexedrine or Datura stramonium have been reported. A fatal case in the United States involved a blend of kratom, fentanyl, diphenhydramine, caffeine and morphine sold as a herbal drug. Traditionally, the fresh or dried leaves of kratom are chewed or brewed into tea. When making tea, lemon juice is often added to facilitate the extraction of plant alkaloids ; before drinking, sugar or honey may be added to mask the bitter taste of the brew. The dried leaves are occasionally smoked. Only the masticated material is swallowed. Consumption is followed by drinking warm water or coffee, tea or palm sugar syrup. Regular and addicted users chew 3 to 10 times a day. When kratom is not available, the leaves of Mitragyna javanica other name Mitragyna parvifolia are used as substitute. The cocktails are made from kratom leaves, a caffeine-containing soft drink, and codeine- or diphenhydramine-containing cough syrup as the three basic ingredients to which ice cubes, an anxiolytic, an antidepressant or an analgesic drug is added. Other names of the plant are krathom, kakuam, ithang or thom Thailand , biak-biak or ketum Malaysia , and mambog Philippines. The alkaloid composition of botanical and forensic samples can be analysed by regular chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Phylogenetic characterisation of kratom samples by specific DNA nucleotide sequences can complement the phytochemical analyses. Kratom alkaloids can be separated by thin layer chromatography on silica gel plates with detection by UV nm. The UV spectrum of the methanol solution of mitragynine shows a maximum at nm with shoulders at , and nm. The characteristic absorption bands in the IR spectrum of mitragynine are at 3 , 1 and 1 cm The UV spectrum of the ethanol solution of 7-hydroxymitragynine shows a maximum at nm with shoulders at and nm. The characteristic absorption bands in the IR spectrum of 7-hydroxymitragynine in CHCl 3 are at 3 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 and 1 cm In a poisoning case, the blood serum concentration of mitragynine two weeks after cessation of regular oral ingestions of large doses 14—21 grams daily of dried kratom leaves was 0. No conventional immunological drug screening test is known that will detect kratom alkaloids. The chemical composition of kratom in commercial products is unspecified and depends on several factors, such as the particular variety and age of the plant, the environment, and the time of harvest. The total alkaloid concentration in dried leaves ranges from 0. About three such drinks a day are said to be sufficient to diminish opiate withdrawal symptoms. ODT is a bioactive metabolite of the synthetic opioid analgesic tramadol and was apparently added to the herbal preparations to mimic the sedative-narcotic effects of kratom. Neither Mitragyna speciosa nor mitragynine or other alkaloids from the plant are listed in any of the Schedules of the United Nations Drug Conventions. Other countries that control kratom under their narcotic law are Australia, Malaysia, Myanmar and Thailand. In South East Asia, kratom is used as an antidiarrheal, a cough suppressant, an antidiabetic, an intestinal deworming agent and wound poultice as well as to wean addicts off heroin. Outside Asia, anecdotal use of kratom preparations for the self-treatment of chronic pain and opioid withdrawal symptoms and as a replacement for opioid analgesics have been reported. There is, however, no approved use of kratom or its alkaloids in modern medicine. It has been suggested that the therapeutic potential of kratom or its purified ingredients for the treatment of pain, depression and drug withdrawal symptoms should be explored. Adkins, J. Arndt, T. Assanangkornchai, S. Azizi, J. Beckett, A. Botpiboon, O. Boyer, E. Chan, K. Chittrakarn, S. DEA U. Dresen, S. Farah Idayu, N. Field, E. Transactions , Volume , pp. Grewal, K. Hanapi, N. Hanna, J. Harizal, S. Havemann-Reinecke, U. Hillebrand, J. Holler, J. Houghton, P. Ing, H. Part I. Ingsathit, A. Ishikawa, H. Jansen, K. Joshi, B. Kaewklum, S. Kapp, F. Kikura-Hanajiri, R. Kronstrand, R. Kumarnsit, E. Fitoterapia , Volume 78, pp. Lu, S. Ma, J. Macko, E. Maruyama, T. Matsumoto, K. McWhirter, L. Nelsen, J. Parthasarathy, S. Philipp, A. Phillipson, J. Ponglux, M. Posch, T. Reanmongkol, W. Roche, K. Sabetghadam, A. Schmidt, M. Shellard, E. Part V. Solberg, U. Lisbon, Portugal. Sukrong, S. Suwanlert, S. Takayama, H. Tanguay, P. Amsterdam and London. Taufik Hidayat, M. July 27, Thongpradichote, S. Tungtananuwat, W. Verachai, V. Vicknasingam, B. Yamamoto, L. Zacharias, D. Zarembo, J. ISBN: Siebert, D. Homepage Quick links Quick links. GO Results hosted on duckduckgo. Main navigation Data Open related submenu Data. Latest data Prevalence of drug use Drug-induced deaths Infectious diseases Problem drug use Treatment demand Seizures of drugs Price, purity and potency. Drug use and prison Drug law offences Health and social responses Drug checking Hospital emergencies data Syringe residues data Wastewater analysis Data catalogue. Selected topics Alternatives to coercive sanctions Cannabis Cannabis policy Cocaine Darknet markets Drug checking Drug consumption facilities Drug markets Drug-related deaths Drug-related infectious diseases. Recently published Findings from a scoping literature…. Penalties at a glance. Frequently asked questions FAQ : drug…. FAQ: therapeutic use of psychedelic…. Viral hepatitis elimination barometer…. EU Drug Market: New psychoactive…. EU Drug Market: Drivers and facilitators. Statistical Bulletin home. Quick links Search news Subscribe newsletter for recent news Subscribe to news releases. Kratom Mitragyna speciosa drug profile. Kratom drug profile. Chemistry Molecular structure: Mitragynine.

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