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Prior experiments targeting this receptor, known as the TrkB receptor, produced results that differed greatly according to the brain region involved. The new study is the first to test system-wide delivery -- the way drugs are typically given in humans -- of a TrkB-blocker, showing that the overall effect is to reverse cocaine dependency. Struggle to Find Solutions. Scientists have long struggled to find an effective strategy against cocaine addiction, which is estimated to affect more than two million Americans, resulting annually in about half a million emergency room visits and hundreds of thousands of rehab facility admissions. There is still no FDA-approved drug specifically for treating cocaine addiction. Addiction researchers know that cocaine produces a huge surge in the levels of dopamine in the 'mesocorticolimbic reward system,' where the brain registers pleasurable experiences and wires itself to want them. In rat models, repeated exposure to cocaine -- which the animals readily self-administer -- causes long-lasting adaptive changes in the nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex, two key areas of this reward system. Over the past decade, studies have found that these changes are mediated at least partly by changes in production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF , which works by activating TrkB receptors. Mimicking that effect by injecting BDNF directly into the nucleus accumbens strongly increases rats' motivation for cocaine and other measures of dependency. Those results have suggested TrkB-blocking as a new therapeutic strategy against addiction. One problem has been that BDNF has the opposite effect on addiction-type behavior when it acts in the medial prefrontal cortex. Reversing Signs of Cocaine Addiction. For the new study, which appeared recently in The Journal of Neuroscience, Contet and her colleagues examined the overall effects of blocking TrkB signaling, using a recently developed TrkB-receptor blocker, or 'antagonist,' that can successfully get into the brain after being injected into the bloodstream. The team found in rats that had learned to self-administer cocaine infusions by pressing a lever, the TrkB blocker powerfully reduced basic behavioral measures of cocaine use and dependency -- and did so more strongly when the dose was higher. The treated rats used much less cocaine, were much less willing to press the lever many times to get more cocaine, and were less inclined to 'relapse' when re-exposed to cocaine after a period of withdrawal. These behavioral improvements were accompanied by signs of lower, more normal TrkB signaling activity in the nucleus accumbens. Surprisingly, signs of TrkB signaling activity in the brain's medial prefrontal cortex also showed a move toward normal -- rising, despite the presence of the TrkB-blocking drug. Importantly, the TrkB-blocking treatment did not blunt the rats' appetite for a sweet-tasting glucose-saccharine solution. Contet and her colleagues now hope that their results will encourage clinicians to consider the therapeutic potential of the TrkB-blocking strategy in humans with cocaine addiction. TrkB-blocking compounds are already being investigated by academic and pharmaceutical company laboratories for treating disorders including anxiety, depression, and brain cancer. Toggle navigation. The researchers showed that a compound that inhibits the activity of certain brain-cell receptors can reverse signs of cocaine dependency in rodents. Struggle to Find Solutions Scientists have long struggled to find an effective strategy against cocaine addiction, which is estimated to affect more than two million Americans, resulting annually in about half a million emergency room visits and hundreds of thousands of rehab facility admissions. Reversing Signs of Cocaine Addiction For the new study, which appeared recently in The Journal of Neuroscience, Contet and her colleagues examined the overall effects of blocking TrkB signaling, using a recently developed TrkB-receptor blocker, or 'antagonist,' that can successfully get into the brain after being injected into the bloodstream. Posts on: Date. Page Image. Editor-in-chief: Dr. License No. Phone: Home Top. Global - Sci - Tech - News - Content. Study supports new strategy to fight cocaine addiction. Update: An international team led by scientists at The Scripps Research Institute TSRI has found strong evidence supporting a new strategy against drug addiction. Video Clip. Photo Library. Previous Next.

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I like to pride myself on being immune to culture shock, but my first night in the city made me rethink things a bit. I arrived in the city, only to find out my hotel had to cancel my reservation due to overbooking. Check one for the Bali Hotel. They also went ahead and reserved one of their nicest rooms for the next two days, at a rate that ended up being a dollar less than I normally would have paid. Check two for Bali Hotel. I put my belongings in my hotel room, gave my computer and camera to the front desk to safeguard until I returned, and wandered out into the street. I stopped into a small, quiet cafe for a meal of buttered toast and a pineapple smoothie, and ended up chatting with the owners for a while. The walls were adorned with paintings, each of which was for sale. Most were no larger than 8 inches by 8 inches, but the skill behind them was incredible. He told me his sister painted them and sold them there for extra money. Had I some place to put the paintings, I would have bought a few. After that, I wandered down the street a bit more, where I was stopped by a young guy offering me cigarettes. I laughed, but told him no thanks again. He stepped a bit closer to me. A bit further down the street was a pub called the Skinny Cow Spotted Cow? Striped Cow? It was some kind of cow with the Australian Open playing on the tv. Having not kept up with sports in a while, due to not having a television in my apartment and being busy with other obligations, I sidled up the bar and decided to watch. While there, I struck up a conversation with a family of Americans who live in Thailand. They told me they bought a ship, sailed it to Thailand, and are now traveling around southeast Asia. As they left, another beer was delivered to me by the waitress. Without saying a word, they had bought me another drink. The next morning, I found a cafe not far from my hotel and sat down to breakfast. There was another traveler behind me who called out to me and introduced himself. Does that bother you? Oh, hey, any chance you are? I laughed and said no, shifting the topic away from that line of conversation. During the course of our conversation, two English teachers from South Korea had sat down beside us. Thanks again for breakfast! They were interested in the way I travel, and promised to show me around should I find myself in South Korea. I could go on at length about my weekend and the numerous people I met, but the main takeaway is this: travelers, on the whole, are extraordinarily generous and interesting people. I spent Saturday evening with a group of people from Singapore who were in Saigon for work. And it was crazy good, if a bit tough to get to. Sunday, unfortunately, was spent mostly in bed. I spent the day watching terrible B movies on the TV and reading. If you ever find yourself in Saigon and are looking for a fun, inexpensive place to stay, check out the Bali Hotel. Excellent service, and the staff are very friendly. Pat is a freelance writer, professional novelist, and all-around adventurer. You'll often find him sipping coffee in the nearest cafe or wandering down a back alley somewhere because it looked interesting. And at home, if you can't find him, check the kitchen. About Contact Me Travel Fund. I really, really should have. Finding Starbucks right across from the pharmacy was a nice surprise. Share Tweet. Patrick Pat is a freelance writer, professional novelist, and all-around adventurer. Vietnam The Unspoken History of Vietnam. No Comments. Categories America Business General Japan.

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