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Western Asia has long been a hotbed for various illicit drugs, including hashish, methamphetamine and Captagon. Cocaine, by contrast, has not gained a foothold in the region, despite continued increases in supply and demand worldwide. However, in recent years, there have been signs that Turkey may be becoming the next key cocaine transit hub. Although Turkish officials reported a 44 per cent increase in cocaine seizures between and , data on domestic consumption did not show a parallel increase, suggesting that the country is likely to serve as a drug corridor. In Western Asia, the infrastructure needed for cocaine to spread is already in place. However, it remains to be seen whether the drug will flood the regional market. This is especially true given that there is no shortage of alternatives. For cocaine suppliers from Latin America and Turkey to establish a significant presence in Western Asia, they would need, at a minimum, to align themselves with established drug traffickers in the region. This has been the case in Turkey, where Latin American groups capitalized on their expertise, resources and networks to establish a cocaine corridor stretching from Turkey to Europe, the Caucasus and Russia. This operation involved close collaboration with Turkish heroin traffickers and Balkan criminals , allowing them to leverage existing networks and knowledge from the long-standing heroin trade. It remains to be seen, however, whether cocaine suppliers can exploit such connections to reach the broader Western Asia region. Volatility in the region may well drive a quick need for cash, with the funding of conflict through drug trafficking becoming a vulnerability. Although cocaine may not be the preferred illicit substance among drug users in the region, there are some notable exceptions. In the Gulf states, as well as other hotspots in Lebanon and Israel , there are some vibrant consumer markets. In the Levant, cocaine use has reportedly increased among the growing middle and upper classes, and particularly young people. It is in these niche wealthy markets that the impact of a Turkish cocaine corridor would probably be most felt. However, UNODC findings do not reflect this, suggesting instead that smuggling activities appear to involve mainly foreign nationals with no apparent connection to Turkey catering to foreign individuals and expatriate communities. Similarly, seizures of cocaine being shipped from Turkey to Western Asia in have so far been remarkably low. Nevertheless, the Gulf remains the most likely candidate for an expanded cocaine market. In West Africa, high-ranking members of the group have been implicated in the cocaine trade between Latin America and Europe. Western Asia not only exports cocaine criminals, but also appears to afford them some protection. These individuals escape prosecution in their home countries and find opportunity for freedom in Gulf states. As the Gulf experiences an influx of cocaine expats, it is also witnessing the inflow of illicit proceeds from the drug trade. The real-estate boom in Dubai in recent years has been linked to the influx of illicit funds derived from the drug trade and other illicit activities. Even if Turkey were to further establish itself as a major cocaine corridor, it is unlikely that this would lead to an immediate surge of the drug in Western Asia. However, in the current context of instability and the drive for resources that come with it, this development may set the stage for the drug trade to introduce new dynamics and challenges to the region. The series explores, from a regional perspective, how drug trafficking is influenced by instability and broader geopolitics, the effects it has on local dynamics throughout illicit supply chains and its wider global impact. Sign up to our Western Asia mailing list. Author s Sarah Fares Laura Adal. Posted on 13 Oct Western Asia is perceived as playing a relatively minor role in the global cocaine trade. However, claims that Turkey may be emerging as a major cocaine corridor to Europe raise questions about a potential influx of the drug into the rest of Western Asia. Too many stakeholders For cocaine suppliers from Latin America and Turkey to establish a significant presence in Western Asia, they would need, at a minimum, to align themselves with established drug traffickers in the region. Opportunities in the Gulf? Related analysis.

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