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By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. To learn more, view our Privacy Policy. To browse Academia. In tacit recognition of this, health-care services have turned toward recovery-oriented approaches, which include incorporating various forms of peer-based recovery support P-BRS peer support to reduce relapse rates. Aim This literature review focuses on the role of P-BRS for those with SUD, by defining peer-based support, assessing its effectiveness, and describing the benefits and challenges presented in carrying out peer-based support in SUD treatment, as well as informing effective implementation in Seychelles. Results The search reveals that P-BRS is effective in SUD recovery as it decreases the rate of re-hospitalization, gives social support, reduces stigma and empowers people in substance abuse, which positively affects the lives of peers and improves treatment outcomes. Recommendations are made as to how peer support can be effectively implemented in Seychelles to reduce relapse rates and enhance well-being for SUD patients. Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Mental Health. Http Dx Doi Org 10 x , Peer support in substance use recovery assists individuals who seek long-term recovery by establishing supportive and reciprocal relationships that support the initiation and maintenance of recovery. Prior research has found that peer support workers provide essential services to individuals in recovery, while the experience of the peer and their integration into a system of care has yet to be fully explored. This qualitative study explored the peer worker's experience as a provider of recovery support services in a system of care. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 peer support workers. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative data analysis software. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes and patterns inductively from the data. Peer support worker experiences included challenges establishing credibility, frustrations in managing systemic barriers, a lack of understanding as to what the role of peer worker entails by stakeholders, and skepticism from other providers about the value of the position. Positive experiences included a decrease in the perception of stigma about substance use and feeling valued. Supervision played a key role in the success of the peer worker role, with concerns related to supervisors who are not in recovery. This study highlighted improvements in the integration of peer support workers in systems of care and regard for the role by professionals. A widespread understanding of the role and scope of practice is lacking and a need for better support for the role through avenues such as training, and supervision exists. Objectives: Peer support is built upon the premise that shared life experiences benefits both the helper and the receiver. This relationship has been linked to an increase in practical knowledge of addiction and recovery, empowerment, hope, and community connectedness. Much research on peer support is geared toward the effectiveness of the intervention for the consumer. Less is known about the role of this relationship in the recovery of the workers themselves. Method: This qualitative study explored the experience of recovery in substance use peer support workers using in-depth semistructured interviews of 10 individuals who were employed as peer support workers in community-based roles. Thematic analysis was used to investigate the peer workers experience in the dual role of helper and consumer of recovery support. Results: While none of the peers interviewed expected to benefit from helping, all reported this experience to be not only meaningful but also to have a positive impact on their recovery. Discussion: This study highlighted that helping others is a benefit to both the recovery of peer support workers and their personal lives, while recognising the need to separate personal recovery efforts from helping. This research compared the structural and functional social support of Filipino adults with substance use disorder that suffered a relapse and those that have managed to abstain. Results suggest that 1 the relapse group had a significantly lower structural social support, and 2 that, compared to the relapse group, the non-relapse sample draws additional support from within their self-help community. Contrary to the hypothesis however, the results suggest that there was no significant difference between the relapse and non-relapse group in functional social support. This result espouses a systemic and dynamic rather than a linear conceptualization of social support and drug abuse recovery. Effects to substance abuse recovery and recommendations to substance abuse treatment were also discussed. Understanding resilience and social support among individuals with substance use disorder on abstinence as well as relapse will helps promote long-term abstinence and enhance the recovery. It is important for the family members as well as health care professionals to provide social support that can increase the resilience and self-esteem and further decreasing the relapse rate. The study aims to compare the resilience and perceived social support among patients with substance use disorder in relapse and abstinence. Quantitative research approach with comparative research design was adopted. The population were the patients with relaps Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. A review of literature of peer-based recovery support in substance abuse and the implications for effective implementation in Seychelles Georges Marc Nicette. By helping others we help ourselves insights from peer support workers in substance use recovery Christian Williams. Peer support workers in substance abuse treatment services: A systematic review of the literature Louise Whitaker. Aim: This literature review focuses on the role of P-BRS for those with SUD, by defining peer-based support, assessing its effectiveness, and describing the benefits and challenges presented in carrying out peer-based support in SUD treatment, as well as informing effective implementation in Seychelles. Results: The search reveals that P-BRS is effective in SUD recovery as it decreases the rate of rehospitalization, gives social support, reduces stigma and empowers people in substance abuse, which positively affects the lives of peers and improves treatment outcomes. Recommendations are made as to how peer support can be effectively implemented in Seychelles to reduce relapse rates and enhance wellbeing for SUD patients. Received 18 March Accepted 29 March Background and objective Substance use disorder SUD is among the prevailing problems in the world today and presents a challenge to the Seychelles in particular. Given the high levels of stigma associated with people involved in substance misuse Best et al. Before delving into the details of P-BRS, it is important to discuss the problem of substance misuse globally, as well as in the Seychelles context. Global evidence indicates the scale-up of the use of illegal drugs worldwide. The World Drug Report also shows that over the period from to , the estimated number of past-year users of any drug globally increased from million range: — million to million range: — million. Increased use of cocaine and other illegal drugs in Seychelles has negative consequences on the health of the persons involved, their families, as well as society as a whole. However, specialized care, such as the creation of treatment centers with professional care workers is being developed to combat substance abuse in Seychelles. Research also shows that, frequently, SUD patients are processed by hospital staff and released without meaningful engagement, only to return to the near future Frazier et al. Hence, health-care services, particularly addiction services, have adopted recovery-oriented chronic care approaches. The movement toward recovery-oriented care for SUD has seen a growing emphasis on formally incorporating various forms of P-BRS in addiction recovery. Given the likely improved social benefits of groups rather than interventions, in line with the Social Identity Theory discussed below , this paper will focus on P-BRS use in SUD treatment. More recently in Africa, there has been an expansion of peer-support services in assisting people leaving with HIV Mark et al. An earlier review of evidence support done by Best et al. Taking into consideration that people in Seychelles live in small communities with strong bonds and social cohesion existing, P-BRS approach will be beneficial. Neighbors et al. This is because the people with whom we most strongly identify have the largest influence on our behavior. In this light, for those who misuse substances, associating with P-BRS groups aimed at achieving recovery from SUD will aid in reducing relapse. In Seychelles, people with SUD face stigmatization as the public often views them as mentally unstable. Such public perceptions and beliefs about SUD are influenced by knowledge about these disorders, the degree of contact or experience that one has had with people with SUDs, media portrayal of people with SUDs, etc. However, having P-BRS groups with peer recovery coaches who have lived through these experiences of stigmatization can motivate current users and help in their recovery. So, with the use of peer interventions through P-BRS, they will have a sense of belonging and self-worth as they participate in the groups aimed at recovery. Tracy and Wallace note that methodological weaknesses exist in the literature that makes it difficult to reach a definitive conclusion on the P-BRS approach as well as its benefits. This review thus complements and extends the already existing literature, as well as informs the implementation of P-BRS in Seychelles. Therefore, this review draws on published peer-reviewed literature and non-peer-reviewed literature to define P-BRS and to describe its effectiveness, the benefits and challenges in using P-BRS in SUD recovery, as well as to inform its pragmatic use in Seychelles. Methods As this review sets out to clearly define P-BRS, describe its role and its impact including challenges , and determine ways in which peer-based support could be implemented most effectively in substance misuse treatment in Seychelles, some methodological questions were raised including: What inclusion and exclusion criteria would apply and what type of evidence should be included i. Diagram of study selection. This research was done on the 14th of June The process is summarized in Figure 1. P-BRS group leaders are often referred to as recovery coaches. Bassuk et al. NICETTE on-one basis with peer recovery coaches or in group settings, such as in recovery housing and increasingly in collegiate recovery programs in academic settings Bassuk et al. Evidence of the effectiveness of peer-based support in substance misuse Ten of the articles met the inclusion criteria for this review Ashford et al. Such effectiveness was highlighted in different forms such as the decreased rate of hospitalization, social support from peers, which positively affect the lives of peer supporters recovery coaches and those facing SUD, as well as improve treatment outcomes. The literature indicates that adding peer-led support may increase engagement in care over the short term and reduce substance use over the long term. Other studies show that P-BRS increasingly used to support the transition of care from in-patient substance abuse programs into the community. Thus, for this review, a summary describing the benefits of P-BRS to consumers was done to evaluate the impact of the model with a focus on how it can be practically used in Seychelles to reduce substance misuse on a long-term basis. The results of the review on the benefits of the P-BRS service on consumers illustrate that peerled groups of SUD persons could enhance well-being by empowering, reducing stigma and giving social support through networking as discussed below. Benefits of peer-based support groups for substance use disorder persons Reducing stigma The use of drugs has become the most stigmatized health condition in the world. In their conceptual framework of how the transition to recovery can occur through the contribution of social identity, using the example of Alcoholics Anonymous AA , Best et al. To Best et al. The authors suggest that this creates barriers to the social integration of a recovering addict and suggest the establishment of peer support, resources and the development of accessible and engaging networks of visible recovery groups that challenge stigma and discrimination through their activities and endeavors Best et al. In another study, Best et al. This study suggests that recovery from SUD can be broadly understood in social terms as individuals in recovery learn through observation and imitation of others and are nurtured through the initial stages of recovery by peers with experiential knowledge. Though recovery is a personal journey, we see that it occurs in a social context among peers. Empowerment Myrick and Del Vecchio in their recount of the effectiveness of peer support in SUD elucidate that there have been increased rates of empowerment for people with substance misuse engaged in P-BRS. Social support through social network Social support through networking is one of the crucial benefits for people facing SUD, especially when they get involved in P-BRS groups. Best and Lubman in a study of young people entering specialist alcohol and drug treatment the Melbourne Youth Cohort Study identified that outcomes of treatment were linked to changes in social networks. The authors discovered that young people who returned to their pre-treatment social networks were significantly more likely to relapse, but those who moved away from their social networks did not relapse. The type of social networks patients with SUD keep will determine if their recovery will be enhanced or not. A supportive social network like P-BRS groups with experiential knowledge in overcoming drug addiction is one network means through which relapse rates can be reduced Best et al. Challenges in peer-based recovery support Risk of social curse Although P-BRS groups provide a sense of recognition and identity for SUD persons, there is evidence that in-group processes like favoritism, etc. According to Kellezi and Reicher , this is described as a social curse. In this case, groups become a burden rather than a resource. Rather than helping people feel worthy, capable and supported in the face of stressors, groups can make them feel unworthy, incapable and unsupported Wakefield et al. Power P-BRS groups are often considered non-hierarchical groups with equality existing among peers. However, with the formalization and training of recovery coaches, it is difficult to ignore issues of power. In one study, Bassuk et al. On the other hand, not paying potentially vulnerable people say peer recovery coaches — using their experience to support others a service could be considered exploitative and heighten the power difference between paid professionals and people with addiction. The difference here lies in experiential knowledge of living with SUD versus knowledge gained through clinical training and treatment of SUD. However, questions arising will be whether professionals who have personal experience of SUD problems can offer this kind of support. Implications and recommendation for effective implementation in Seychelles The overarching goal of P-BRS is to provide recovering person support by allowing them to get sustained recovery in order to avoid relapse. Several aspects of the present review have implications for Seychelles. What may be the most important implication of this review for Seychelles is the need to acknowledge and address systematically and fully the issue of drug addiction recovery and relapse rates among substance misuse patients. This applies at all levels, especially because of the increasing rate of intake of illegal drugs on the islands and taking into consideration that professional help is usually a short-term one-time treatment. Thus, the implementation of P-BRS groups will aid not only in sustaining recovery but will also curb illicit drug use rates by ensuring social support as well as advocacy against substance abuse by peer coaches. Given the increase in the use of drugs in Seychelles discussed above, integrating P-BRS for recovery will be an important model to consider for improving outcomes and reducing relapse. A typical person seeking treatment from SUD evolves from a drug user to a person dependent on substances, to an addicted person over the years. During this course, it is common for them to develop social, health, mental health and economic, as well as legal problems. Hence,psychosocial complications affect how responsive a person will be to treatment or if he will relapse after treatment. A comprehensive treatment delivery system is necessary to meet the diverse needs of patients at various phases of recovery. Besides, since SUD is a chronic condition characterized by occasional relapses, shortterm one-time treatment is usually not sufficient. Therefore, there is a need for persons addicted to drugs to get prolonged treatment to achieve sustained recovery. It is at this point where P-BRS groups headed by peer coaches have proven to be most relevant. As noted in the literature, P-BRS offers a promising model, which is effective in the recovery process from SUD and is beneficial to consumers as it empowers, as well as reduces, the stigma that SUD patients face. The P-BRS model also facilitates 5 social reintegration by way of social support and social networking from peer groups through to the community while providing safe environments for those who misuse substances to express themselves during recovery. Through peer recovery coaches with experience and knowledge of SUD, safe environments are provided to give support for those in recovery. The literature review above indicates the effectiveness and benefits of P-BRS, which suggests that this approach has great potential in promoting successful recovery and enhancing well-being when effectively incorporated in SUD recovery. Although P-BRS is a promising model, there still exist challenges in using it which can only be addressed through training, supervision and management of peer recovery coaches. Therefore, based on the review of literature, for integrating effective peer-based support peer support in SUD treatment in Seychelles, the following observations and recommendations are proposed: Planning and development A successful P-BRS program for SUD requires determining the specific issues affecting recovery and identifying the resources available to make suitable interventions. The planning stage involves organizing meetings on the best intervention programs and identifying those who are potential peer recovery coaches from the target group. Through collaboration with people with SUD, a group of recovery coaches can be created who will work alongside professionals. Training of peer group educators Peer recovery coaches should be well trained on how to manage groups developing group work skills , to enhance the selfesteem of group members, as well as on listening and communication skills. This will improve the effective performance of peer coaches in their duties. In collaboration with the University of Seychelles, the Agency for Drug Abuse and Rehabilitation APDAR , which employs most of the peer recovery coaches in Seychelles, can work on a training program while simultaneously having a structure in place for supervision. Monitoring and evaluation Monitoring provides quality assurance of the programs as well as ensures feedback and improvement while implementing peer support. Impact evaluation is very essential as it indicates whether the peer support for substance misuse has improved the lives of members if the group is meeting its objectives. The existing literature shows that P-BRS decreases the rate of re-hospitalization and provides additional social support, which positively affects the lives of peers and improves treatment outcomes in SUD. Additionally, associated benefits like empowerment, reducing stigma, as well as providing social support and social networks have been reported, and it shows that these benefits can positively enhance the lives of people with drug use problems. However, there exist some challenges in implementing P-BRS groups like the problem of peer coaches maintaining a distinct role and the risk of social curse in P-BRS groups. Despite these challenges, the substantial advantages P-BRS provides to people with SUD suggest that it is a good method that could be integrated into recovery care from drug misuse. In implementing the effective use of P-BRS in SUD in Seychelles, there is a need for proper planning and development of the program, training of peer recovery coaches to be used in SUD support and finally, there is the need for monitoring and evaluation of peer-support programs. Disclosure statement No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Annual progress report. Utilization of peer-based substance use disorder and recovery interventions in rural emergency departments: Patient characteristics and exploratory analysis. Journal of Rural Mental Health. Journal of Rural Mental Health, 43 1 , 17— Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 63 , 1—9. Recovery as a social phenomenon: What is the role of the community in supporting and enabling recovery? Segevddd Eds. Routledge frontiers of criminal justice Best, D. Overcoming alcohol and other drug addiction as a process of social identity transition: The social identity model of recovery SIMOR. Recovery networks and community connections: Identifying connection needs and community linkage opportunities in early recovery populations. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 35 1 , 2— Friends matter but so does their substance use: The impact of social networks on substance use, offending and wellbeing among young people attending specialist alcohol and drug treatment services. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy. Special Focus: family and harms to others on alcohol. Research for recovery: A review of the drugs evidence base. Scottish Government. Blash, L. The peer provider workforce in behavioral health: A landscape analysis. Bradley, P. Supervision reflections on two different social work models in England and Sweden. European Journal of Social Work, 12 1 , 71— Quality clinical supervision in the health care professions. Oxford Butterworth Heinemann. Frazier, W. Medication-assisted treatment and opioid use before and after overdose in Pennsylvania Medicaid. Journal of the American Medical Association, 8 , — Peer support models for harm reduction services: A literature review for the Wellington Guelph drug strategy. Making good theory practical: Five lessons for an applied social identity approach to challenges of organizational, health, and clinical psychology. British Journal of Social Psychology, 53 1 , 1— Transforming Austin: Augmenting the system of care for adolescents in recovery from substance use disorders. Journal of Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, 3 3 , 1—7. Social cure or social curse? The psychological impact of extreme events during the Kosovo conflict. Jetten, C. Haslam Eds. Hove: Psychology Press. ISBN Korostelina, K. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Interim report: Review of recent literature on peer support providers. Health Force Centre Research Report. Laudet, A. Addiction recovery in services and policy: An international overview. Peer support for adolescents and young people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: Emerging insights and a methodological agenda. Peer support services in the behavioural healthcare workforce: State of the field. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 39 3 , Peer influences on addiction. Miller Ed. Elsevier Inc. Academic Press. Enhancing outcomes for persons with co-occurring disorders through skills training and peer recovery support. Social psychology in action: Evidencebased interventions from theory K. Vliek Eds. Published by Springer. APDAR claims cocaine more dangerous than heroin. Guiding principles and elements of recovery oriented systems of care: What do we know from the research? HHS Publication No. SMA Simpson, D. A national 5-year follow-up of treatment outcomes for cocaine dependence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59 6 , — Benefits of peer support groups in the treatment of addiction. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 7 , Drug use and consequences World Drug Report. United Nations Publication. Wakefield, J. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 13 3 , e Creating peer support groups in mental health and related areas: WHO quality rights training to act, unite and empower for mental health pilot version No. Geneva: World Health Organisation. Chatbot Ana Barbosa. Modern Macroeconomics Amit Chandan. In Babylonien Johannes Hackl. Drept civil Diaconu Cristina. Electron tunneling in the presence of phonons: Classical versus quantum oscillating thin potential barrier Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin. Cooperative education as a predictor of baccalaureate degree completion Amanda C Pacheco.

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