Brazilian Money

Brazilian Money

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the modern Brazilian currency unit. For the currency of Brazil from the colonial period to 1942, see Brazilian real (old) .
"BRL" redirects here. For other uses, see BRL (disambiguation) .

^ The total sum is 200% because each currency trade always involves a currency pair ; one currency is sold (e.g. US$ ) and another bought (€). Therefore each trade is counted twice, once under the sold currency ($) and once under the bought currency (€). The percentages above are the percent of trades involving that currency regardless of whether it is bought or sold, e.g. the US dollar is bought or sold in 88% of all trades, whereas the euro is bought or sold 32% of the time.

^ "Triennial Central Bank Survey Foreign exchange turnover in April 2019" (PDF) . Triennial Central Bank Survey . Basel, Switzerland: Bank for International Settlements. 16 September 2019. p. 10 . Retrieved 10 August 2021 .

^ BNDES : BRAZIL IN THE 1990: A SUCCESSFUL TRANSITION? page 10.

^ "Cotações e boletins" . www4.bcb.gov.br . Retrieved 30 July 2020 .

^ "Baixos índices de confiança na economia indicam incertezas para o pós-pandemia" . Senado Federal (in Brazilian Portuguese) . Retrieved 30 July 2020 .

^ "In pictures: The coronavirus is surging in Brazil" . CNN . Retrieved 30 July 2020 .

^ "Dólar sobe a R$5,90 , bate recorde nominal e fica a 1,67% dos R$6 " . R7.com (in Brazilian Portuguese). 13 May 2020 . Retrieved 30 July 2020 .

^ "1 Real stainless steel coin exchange" . Central Bank of Brazil .

^ Jump up to: a b Alvarenga, Darlan; Gasparin, Gabriela (1 July 2014). "Única fora de circulação, moeda original de R$ 1 é negociada a R$ 10" [The only one no longer circulating, the original R$ 1 coin is sold for R$ 10]. G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese) . Retrieved 17 February 2021 .

^ Circulating commemorative coin of the FAO 50th anniversary, 10 cents , Central Bank of Brazil .

^ Circulating commemorative coin of the FAO 50th anniversary, 25 cents , Central Bank of Brazil .

^ Jump up to: a b "Moedas do Real - Comemorativas" . Central Bank of Brazil . December 2019 . Retrieved 24 November 2020 .

^ Jump up to: a b "Moedas Comemorativas - Razões para Adquirir" [Commemorative Coins - Reasons to Acquire]. Central Bank of Brazil (in Brazilian Portuguese) . Retrieved 27 August 2020 .

^ "Moedas de R$ 0,50 e R$ 1 foram alteradas" . Agência Senado . 5 April 2004 . Retrieved 28 April 2021 .

^ Castro, Fabrício de (4 November 2019). "BC coloca em circulação moedas produzidas por companhia holandesa" . UOL . Retrieved 22 December 2020 .

^ Circulating commemorative coin of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 50th anniversary , Central Bank of Brazil .

^ Circulating commemorative coin of Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira 100th anniversary , Central Bank of Brazil .

^ Circulating commemorative coin of the 40th anniversary of the Banco Central do Brasil , Central Bank of Brazil .

^ Jump up to: a b c Real coins—commemorative , Central Bank of Brazil (in Portuguese) .

^ Balsemão, Pedro Pinto (23 March 2012). "Réplica do Real 1997" (in Brazilian Portuguese) . Retrieved 22 December 2020 .

^ Pippi, Emerson (19 December 2018). "Real Balsemão: os segredos da Bromélia" [Balsemão Real: the secrets of the Bromelia] (in Brazilian Portuguese) . Retrieved 22 December 2020 .

^ Cruz, Felipe Branco (5 December 2017). "Qual é o nome da mulher que aparece nas cédulas de real?" . UOL (in Brazilian Portuguese) . Retrieved 22 December 2020 .

^ "O "token" bromélia" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Bentes Group. 18 May 2021 . Retrieved 27 May 2021 .

^ "BC - Cédulas comuns" [Central Bank - Common banknotes]. Central Bank of Brazil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 31 October 2003 . Retrieved 27 August 2020 .

^ Cucolo, Eduardo (13 December 2010). "Novas cédulas do real devem chegar a todas as capitais em até 48 horas" [New Real banknotes should arrive within 48 hours in all capitals]. Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese) . Retrieved 14 December 2010 .

^ Brazil introduces new 10- and 20-real banknotes on 23 July 2012 BanknoteNews.com. Retrieved 2012-07-24.

^ "Banco Central lançará cédula de 200 reais" . Banco Central do Brasil. Retrieved 2020-07-29

^ "Cédula de R$ 200 entra em circulação hoje" . Agência Brasil. Retrieved 2020-09-02

^ "Triennial Central Bank Survey Foreign exchange turnover in April 2019" (PDF) . Bank for International Settlements . 16 September 2019. p. 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2021 . Retrieved 16 September 2019 .

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brazilian real .

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The Brazilian real ( pl. reais ; sign : R$ ; code : BRL ) is the official currency of Brazil . It is subdivided into 100 centavos . The Central Bank of Brazil is the central bank and the issuing authority. The real replaced the cruzeiro real in 1994.

As of April 2019, the real was the twentieth most traded currency. [1]

Currencies in use before the current real include:

The current real was introduced in 1994 at 1 real = 2,750 cruzeiros reais .

The modern real (Portuguese plural reais or English plural reals ) was introduced on 1 July 1994, during the presidency of Itamar Franco , when Rubens Ricupero was the Minister of Finance as part of a broader plan to stabilize the Brazilian economy , known as the Plano Real . The new currency replaced the short-lived cruzeiro real (CR$). The reform included the demonetisation of the cruzeiro real and required a massive banknote replacement.

At its introduction, the real was defined to be equal to 1 unidade real de valor (URV, "real value unit") a non-circulating currency unit. At the same time the URV was defined to be worth 2,750 cruzeiros reais, which was the average exchange rate of the U.S. dollar to the cruzeiro real on that day. As a consequence, the real was worth exactly one U.S. dollar as it was introduced. Combined with all previous currency changes in the country's history, this reform made the new real equal to 2.75 × 10 18 (2.75 quintillion ) of Brazil's original réis .

Soon after its introduction, the real unexpectedly gained value against the U.S. dollar, due to large capital inflows in late 1994 and 1995. During that period it attained its maximum dollar value ever, about US$1.20 . Between 1996 and 1998 the exchange rate was tightly controlled by the Central Bank of Brazil , so that the real depreciated slowly and smoothly in relation to the dollar, dropping from near 1:1 to about 1.2:1 by the end of 1998. In January 1999 the deterioration of the international markets, disrupted by the Russian default , forced the Central Bank, under its new president Arminio Fraga , to float the exchange rate. This decision produced a major devaluation, to a rate of almost R$2 : US$1 . [2]

In the following years, the currency's value against the dollar followed an erratic but mostly downwards path from 1999 until late 2002, when the prospect of the election of leftist candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva , considered a radical populist by sectors of the financial markets, prompted another currency crisis and a spike in inflation . Many Brazilians feared another default on government debts or a resumption of heterodox economic policies, and rushed to exchange their reais into tangible assets or foreign currencies.

The crisis subsided once Lula took office, after he, his finance minister Antonio Palocci , and Arminio Fraga reaffirmed their intention to continue the orthodox macroeconomic policies of his predecessor (including inflation-targeting, primary fiscal surplus and floating exchange rate , as well as continued payments of the public debt). The value of the real in dollars continued to fluctuate but generally upwards, so that by 2005 the exchange was a little over R$2 : US$1 . In May 2007, for the first time since 2001 (six years), the real became worth more than US$0.50 — even though the Central Bank, concerned about its effect on the Brazilian economy, had tried to keep it below that symbolic threshold. Lula started his government in 01/01/2003 with an exchange rate of US$1 = R$3.52 and finished it in 12/31/2010 with an exchange rate of US$1 = R$1.66 . [3]

The exchange rate as of September 2015 was R$4.05 to US$1.00 . After a period of gradual recover, it reached 3.0 BRL per US dollar by February 2017.

Jair Bolsonaro 's tenure, initially welcomed with enthusiasm by the financial markets, started with US$1 = R$3.86 . Fueled by meager results of the economy, quick disenchantment followed, resulting in lack of foreign investments and real's strong depreciation. [4] On 13 May 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic , which deeply affected Brazil, [5] the real reached a historical low against the US dollar, being negotiated at US$1 = R$5.90 . [6]

Along with the first series of currency, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10 and 50 centavos and 1 real in 30 June 1994; the 25 centavos piece was soon followed on 30 September 1994 due to the constant lack of change in intermediate values in the cents range, which caused the validity of the old Cruzeiro and Cruzeiro Real banknotes to have their validity extended for two months beyond what was initially intended for the exchange of banknotes and coins until then in circulation for new ones in the pattern that began to circulate in the second half of 1994. All were struck in stainless steel .

The 1, 5, 10, 50 cents and 1 real coins issued in 1994 have dimensions of size and weight equivalent to the old 1000 cruzeiros , CR$ 5, 10, 50 and 100 respectively, which influenced the replacement of this family from 1998 onwards.

The original 1-real coins, produced only in 1994, were demonetized on 23 December 2003 [7] due to how often it was counterfeited . [8] All other coins remain legal tender .

In 1995, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Food and Agriculture Organization , the Central Bank of Brazil released two commemorative variants of the 10 and 25 centavos coins.

Additionally, non-circulating commemorative coins have also been minted, with non-standard face values – namely R$2, R$3, R$4 and R$20 coins. [11] Although worth more than their face value to collectors, they are nevertheless legal tender . [12]

In 1998, a second series of coins was introduced. It featured copper-plated steel coins of 1 and 5 centavos, brass -plated steel coins of 10 and 25 centavos, a cupronickel 50 centavos coin, and a bi-coloured brass and cupronickel coin of 1 real. However, from 2002 onwards, steel was used for the 50 centavos coin and the central part of the 1 real coin. [8] [13]

In November 2005, the Central Bank discontinued the production of the 1 centavo coins, but the existing ones continue to be legal tender. Retailers now generally round their prices to the next 5 or 10 centavos. [ citation needed ]

In November 2019, the Central Bank had the Royal Dutch Mint produce 5 centavos and 50 centavos coins, which have a distinctive letter "A" to indicate they weren't minted by Casa da Moeda. [14]

On occasion, the Central Bank of Brazil has issued special commemorative versions of some of the standard coins. These commemorative coins are legal tender, and usually differ from the standard design only on their reverse side.

Similarly to the first series, non-circulating commemorative coins have also been minted, with the following non-standard face values: R$2, R$5, R$10 and R$20 coins. [11] Likewise, even if they are worth more than their face value to collectors, they are nevertheless legal tender . [12]

In 2011, a collector named Pedro Pinto Balsemão claimed to have found a trial strike of the R$1, with a never before seen design, completely different from circulating 1 real coins. [19] Despite the initial skepticism, it was later supposedly confirmed via FOIA [ pt ] requests and interviews that Casa da Moeda do Brasil had minted trial strikes of the R$1 coin prior to the currency design change in 1998, with custom designs that were purposefully different to the final product as to avoid leaks. [20] [21]

In May 2021, however, Bentes Group published an explanation as to why the "Real Bromélia" was not included in their Brazilian coins catalog. They claim to have done extensive research into the piece, and to have concluded that it is not a trial strike or test coin, but instead a sort of vending machine token with no numismatic value. [22]

In 1994, banknotes print "A" were issued by Casa da Moeda do Brasil in the amounts of 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 reais, in addition to supplementary issues of banknotes ordered abroad in the values of 5, 10 and 50 reais of the print "B" produced abroad by the companies Giesecke+Devrient , Thomas de la Rue and François-Charles Oberthur Fiduciaire respectively. In 1997, modified banknotes of 1 real (print "B"), 5 and 10 reais (print "C") were launched, bearing the national flag as a watermark instead of the effigy of the republic in order to reduce the risk of such banknotes being used for counterfeiting banknotes at higher denominations.
In 2000, the 10 reais commemorative banknote (print "D") was launched, and this banknote was the first polymer banknote to be issued in the country. In 2000 and 2001, the 2 and 20 reais banknotes were launched, respectively, using the sea turtle and the golden lion tamarin in the watermark and theme, and the 20 reais banknote was the first to make use of holographic elements on the brazilian banknotes.
In 2003, the print "C" of the 1 real banknote was put into circulation, which would have the name "República Federativa do Brasil" at the top in the place where the name "Banco Central do Brasil" was customarily placed, which was placed on the under the obverse of the bill, next to the word real . Such banknote ceased to be issued in 2005.

In April 2000, in commemoration of the 500th anniversary of the Portuguese arrival on Brazilian shores, the Brazilian Central Bank released a polymer 10 real banknote that circulated along with the other banknotes above. The Brazilian Mint printed 250 million of these notes, which at the time accounted for about half of the 10 real banknotes in circulation.

On 3 February 2010, the Central Bank of Brazil announced the new series of the real banknotes which would begin to be released in April 2010. The new design added security enhancements in an attempt to reduce counterfeiting . The notes have different sizes according to their values to help vision-impaired people. The changes were made reflecting the growth of the Brazilian economy and the need for a stronger and safer currency. The new banknotes began to enter circulation in December 2010, coexisting with the older ones. [24] [25] On 29 July 2020, the Central Bank of Brazil announced the release of the 200 reais banknote. [26] It was released into circulation on 2 September 2020. [27]

Pila (in the South ), Mango (in the Southeast ), Pau , Conto , Réis (plural)
R$2, R$5, R$10, R$20, R$50, R$100, R$200
Obverse : Large denomination flanked by linear patterns. Reverse : Head of Republic .

Obverse : Large denomination flanked by linear patterns. Reverse : Head of Republic .

Obverse : Large denomination flanked by linear patterns. Reverse : Head of Republic .

Obverse : Large denomination flanked by linear patterns. Reverse : Head of Republic .

Obverse : Large denomination flanked by linear patterns. Reverse : Head of Republic .

Obverse : Large denomination intersected by wavy lines. Reverse : Head of Republic .

Release date: 31 May 1995 Occasion: The 50th anniversary of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Units produced: 1 million for each design Reverse: The 10 centavos coin depicts hands offering a plant shoot with folious ramifications, and the 25 centavos coin depicts crop cultivation. Both coins contain the inscriptions "FAO—1945/1995" and "alimentos para todos" (food for all). [9] [10]

Release date: 4 October 1994 Occasion: 300th anniversary of the Brazilian mint (1694–1994) Units produced: 7 thousand

Release date: 23 December 1994 Occasion: Commemorating Brazil 's 4th FIFA World Cup win Units produced: 9 thousand

Release date: 10 February 1995 Occasion: Commemorating Brazil 's 4th FIFA World Cup win Units produced: 2 thousand

Release date: 31 March 1995 Occasion: 30th anniversary of the Central Bank of Brazil (1965–1995) Units produced: 5 thousand

Release date: 4 December 1995 Occasion: Tribute to Formula One racing driver Ayrton Senna (1960–1994) Units produced: 10 thousand

Release date: 4 December 1995 Occasion: Tribute to Formula One racing driver Ayrton Senna (1960–1994) Units produced: 5 thousand

Release date: 24 October 1997 Occasion: 100th anniversary of the city of Belo Horizonte , capital of the state of Minas Gerais Units produced: 20 thousand

Obverse : The Southern Cross in right upper side. Reverse : Depicts Pedro Álvares Cabral , Portuguese sea captain and Brazil's discoverer, with a 16th-century Portuguese ship in the background.

Obverse : The Southern Cross in right upper side. Reverse : Depicts Joaquim José da Silva Xavier (also known as Tiradentes), martyr of an early independence movement known as the Minas Conspiracy . In the background, a triangle , symbol of the movement, and a dove, symbol of peace and freedom.

Obverse : The Southern Cross in right upper side. Reverse : Depicts Emperor Pedro I , Brazil's first monarch. In the background, the Emperor on a horse: a scene alluding to the proclamation of independence.

Obverse : The Southern Cross in right upper side. Reverse : Depicts Field Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca , Brazil's first Republican president. The Republic's coat of arms is in the background.

Obverse : The Southern Cross in right upper side. Reverse : Depicts José Paranhos, Jr. , the Baron of Rio Branco, the country's most distinguished Minister of Foreign Affairs. In the background, image of the country with ripples expanding outwards, representing the development of Brazil's foreign policy and the expansion and demarcation of the national borders.

Obverse : The Southern Cross in right upper side. Reverse : Outer ring depicts a sample of the marajoara art pattern. In the inner ring, the Efígie da República , symbol of the Republic.

Release date: 10 December 1998 Occasion: The 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Units produced: 600 thousand Reverse: The official logo of the commemorations; in bas-relief , a human figure. In the outer ring, the inscriptions "Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos" (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) and "Cinqüentenário" (50th anniversary). [15]

Release date: 12 September 2002 Occasi
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